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II. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TESTS 1. Generalities CS Structure of the neuron includes: a) dendrit b) cell body c) specific celular organites d) axon e) all mentioned above 2. CS Closure of the rostral end of neuronal tube in median plane results in: a) anterior cerebral commissure b) orbital gyri c) superior frontal gyrus d) lamina terminalis e) hypothalamic groove 3. CM Brain stem includes: a) quadrigeminal colliculus b) pons of Varoli c) myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) d) striated bodies e) mesencephalon 4. CM Several stages are distinguished in nervous system development: a) primitive nervous system b) reticular nervous system c) nodular nervous system d) tubular nervous system e) central nervous system 5. CM Functions of the nervous system: a) it provides connection between the body and environment b) it regulates and coordinates the functions of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems, maintaining homeostasis c) integration of organs and organ systems, uniting them in a whole body d) regulation of the wakefulness and sleep e) performs phagocytosis in the body 6. CM Types of synapses a) axomotor somato-somatic b) axosomatic c) axodendritic d) dendrosomatic e) axoaxonal 7. CM Topographical classification of the receptors: a) trophoreceptors b) mechanoreceptors c) exteroreceptors d) proprioreceptors e) interoreceptors 8. CM Functions of the receptors: a) collection of information from the external environment b) collection of information from the internal environment c) generating of nerve impulses d) selection of collected information e) conduction of response reactions CM Functional classification of the neurons: a) sensoryorafferent b) motor or efferent c) interneurons d) secretory e) neuroimmune 9. 10. CM Shapes of neurons: a) flat b) pyramidal c) oval d) round e) spindle-shaped 11. CM Statements regarding the myelin sheath of nerve fibers: a) it is formedby Schwann cellsaround the peripheral nerves b) it is formed in the central nervous system by some astrocytes c) it does not have nodules in the central nervous system d) it consists of the layers of proteins and lipids e) its thickness is directly proportional to the diameter of cylindrax 12. CS Henle’s sheath has the following features, except: a) accompanies axonal ramifications to their endings b) is made up of fibers of collagen and reticulin c) is continuous d) has a key role in the input of nerve impulses e) performs trophic and protective functions 13. CS Axon has the following features, except: a) presents axoplasma b) contains neurofibrile c) conducts centripetal nerve impulses d) is bounded by axolema e) has distal terminal button 14. CS Neuron has the following features, except: a) may be star-shaped, pyramidal or round b) it is the morphofunctional unit of the nervous system c) may have multiple processes d) is located inside the neurax only e) generates and conducts nerve impulses 15. CSMyelin sheath has the following features, except: a) consists of the cells of neuroglia b) insulates nerve fibers from the adjacent ones c) it is continuous d) provides nutrition to the cylindraxis e) is characteristic of fibers with high speed of conduction 16. CM The brain develops from five brain vesicles: a) myelencephalon - diencephalon b) metencephalon - cerebellum, pons c) mesencephalon - midbrain d) diencephalon - endbrain e) telencephalon –medulla oblongata 17. CM Rhombencephlon includes: a) diencephalon b) metencephalon c) endbrain d) myelencephalon e) mesencephalon 18. 19. CM Metencephalon consists of: a) medulla oblongata b) cerebralpeduncles c) cerebellum d) quadrigeminal lamina e) pons Spinal cord and spinal meninges CS The boundary between the brain and spinal medulla is located at the level of: a) superior colliculus of the quadrigeminal lamina b) terminal lamina c) inferior margin of the greater occipital foramen d) orifice of the first cervical vertebra e) pons of Varolio 20. CS Inferiorlimit of the spinal cord is located at the levelof vertebrae: a) CVII – CVIII b) TXII – LI c) LI – LII d) LV – SI e) SIV – SV 21. CM Structures located in the lateral grooves of the spinal cord are: a) anterior roots b) lateral roots c) dorsal roots d) median septum of the spinal cord e) spinalganglia 22. CS Posteriorroots of the spinal nerves consist of: a) dendrites of the cells of posterior horn b) dendrites of the neurons of spinal ganglia c) axons of the pseudounipolar neurons d) fibers of posterior columns of the spinal cord e) processes ofmotor neurons 23. CS Anteriorroots of the spinal nervesleave the spinal cord through the: a) anterior median fissure b) lateral grooves c) anterior median fissure d) anterolateral groove e) posterolateral groove 24. CS Lateral horns of the spinal cord gray matter are pronounced better in the following regions: a) cervicaland thoracic b) cervicaland lumbar c) thoracic andlumbar d) thoracic and sacral e) cervical and sacral 25. CS Bodies of somatic motorneurons of the spinal cord are located in: a) lateral horns b) posterior horns c) grey commissure d) anterior horns e) medullary reticular substance 26. CS Bodies of somatic sensory neurons of the spinal cord are located in: a) lateral horns b) grey commissure c) anterior horns d) posterior column e) posterior horns 27. CS Bodies of visceromotor neurons of the spinal cord are located in: a) anterior horns b) lateral column c) posterior horns d) posteriorpart of the lateral horn e) anterior half of the lateral horn 28. CS Bodies of visceral sensory neurons of the spinal cord are located in: a) anterior halfof the lateral horn b) anterior half of the lateralcolumn c) gray commissure d) posterior halfof the lateral column e) posterior half of the lateral horn 29. CS Those 31 pairs of the spinal nerves are classified into: a) 8 cervical, 10thoracic, 5lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal b) 12 cervical, 8thoracic, 5lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal c) 8 cervical, 12thoracic, 5lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal d) 8 cervical, 12thoracic, 4lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal e) 8 cervical, 12thoracic, 4lumbar, 4 sacral, 1 coccygeal 30. CS Spinal gangliaare located: a) in posterior horn b) on theposterior root of the spinal nerve c) on the anteriorroot of the spinal nerve d) inside the whitematter of the spinal cord e) on the trunk of spinal nerve 31. CS Anterior root of the spinal nerve consists of: a) dendritsand axons of the neurons ofspinal ganglion b) axonsof somatic motorneurons of the spinal cord c) axons of visceral motor neurons of the spinal cord d) axonsof motor somatic and vegetativeneurons of the spinal cord e) axons of vegetativeneurons of the spinal cord 32. CS In humans branches of spinal nerves are distributed metameric at the region of: a) thorax and abdomen b) abdomen c) thorax d) upper limb e) lower limb 33. CM Dorsal horn neurons are arranged: a) diffuse in nuclei b) laminaryfrom the apex to the baseof horn (lamelae of Rexed) c) in laminae from medianline to exterior d) in net 34. CS The bottom of dural sac ends at the level of vertebrae: a) T12 b) L1 c) L2 d) S2 e) apex of coccys 35. CS Sacral spinal segments may be harmed in fractures of vertebrae: a) L1 b) L3 c) L5 d) S1 –S2 e) neither one of above mentioned 36. CS Anterior roots of the spinal nerves consist of: a) axons of the spinal ganglion cells b) dendrites of pseudounipolar neurons c) axons of motor neuronsof the anterior horns d) fibers of anterior column e) unmyelinated nerve fibers 37. CS Spinal nerve is formed by roots: a) anterior b) lateral c) anteriorand posterior d) posterior e) vegetative 38. CS White matter of the spinal cord is organized under aspects of: a)cords of nerve fibers b) nervous ganglia c) nervous plexuses d) clusters of neurons e) motor and sensory nuclei 39. CS White matter of the spinal cord forms: a)ventral, lateral and dorsal columns b) ventral nuclei c) lateral columns d) sensory nuclei e) ventraland dorsal columns 40. CS Gray matter of the spinal cord consists of: a) neuronalaxonsand dendrites b) nervous ganglia c)bodiesof the neurons d) nervous plexuses e) vascular plexuses 41. CS Gray matter of the anterior hornsof the spinal cord forms nuclei: a) sensory b) motor c) vegetative d) visceromotor e) parasympathetic 42. CS Median septum of the spinal cord is located in: a) ventrolateral groove b) dorsolateral groove c) anterior median fissure d)posterior median groove e) terminal groove 43. CS Cervical segment of the spinal cord is interposed between the vertebrae: a) C1- C12 b) C1 – C9 c) C1 – C8 d) C1 – C7 e) C1 – C6 44. a) CS Denticulate ligament is anextension of: b) dura mater c) arachnoid d) pia mater e) coccygeal ligament f) A + D 45. CS Internalvertebral venous plexusesfill: a) subdural space b) subarachnoid space c) subpial space d) epiduralspace e) transverse foramen 46. CS Statements regarding the spinal dura mater: a) is attached to the edges of the foramen magnum b) extends along the spinal canal not below the first sacral vertebra c) envelops the spinal nerve roots d) enters the spinal cord through the anterior median fissure e) issurrounded externallybythe cerebrospinal fluid of the epiduralspace 47. CS Spinal cord extends between the vertebrae: a) C2-L2 b) C1-L4 c) Co I - Co II d) C2-S1 e) C1-L2 48. CM Spinal cord in adult: a) usually ends at the level of lower margin of body of the first lumbar vertebra b) is the thickest at the level of lower cervical vertebra c) hasthe anteriormedianfissure andposteriormedianseptum d) is the origin of all preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers e) is irrigated by the vertebral arteries totally 49. CM Spinal nerves: a) are formed by fusion of the ventral and dorsal roots b) a ganglion containing synapses is located along the posterior root c) are namedandnumbered according to the vertebrae from which emerge d) receive a gray communicating branch from the paravertebral sympathetic chain e) all of them send thewhite communicating branch to the paravertebral sympathetic chain 50. CMTerminal filumstretches between the vertebrae: a) T12-S4 b) L2- Co II c) L1 – Co II d) L2 – S4 e) L3 - Co I 51. CS Tail of horse (cauda equina) consists ofthe roots of the following nerves: a) thoracicandfilum terminale b) thoracic,lumbarandfilum terminale c) thoracic,lumbarand sacral d) lumbar, sacralandfilum terminale e) thoracic, sacralandfilum terminale 52. CS Spinal cord continues upwards with the: a) cerebellum b)medulla oblongata c) pons of Varolio d) cerebral peduncles e) mesencephalon 53. CSSpinal cord endsinferiorlywith the: a) terminal lamina b) cauda equina c) terminalfilum d)medullary con e) medullary striations 54. CM Spinal medulla presents the intumescences: a) occipital b) cervical c) thoracic d) lumbosacral e) caudal 55. CM Tail of horseconsists of: a) terminal lamina b) roots of thethoracicnerves c) terminalfilum d) sacral spinalnerves e)roots of the lower lumbarand sacral nerves 56. CM Statements regarding the external structure of the spinal cord: a) transverse groove b) anterior medianfissure c)boundary groove d) posterior median fissure e)anterior and posterior lateral grooves 57. CM Spinal cord has: a) cervicalintumescence b) medulla oblongata c) terminalfilum d) medullary conus e) neural vesicle 58. CM Spinal cord shows the columns on its external surface: a) superior b) lateral c) inferior d) anterior e) posterior 59. CMSpecific ascending pathways of the spinal cord consist of: a) two neurons b) five neurons c) three neurons d) four neurons e) all above mentioned are false 60. CM Spinal cordends at the level of the vertebrae: a) T12 b) L1 c) L2 d) L3 e) S2 61. CM Ventral spinal column consists of the following fascicles, except: a)ventralspinothalamic b) ventral spinocerebellar c) ventralcorticospinal d) tectospinal e) reticulospinal 62. CM The gray matter of the spinal cord contains: a) somatomotor neurons b) vegetative neurons c) somatosensory neurons d) neuronsforming nets (reticular system) e) sensory neurons 63. CM Lateral hornsof the spinal gray matter contain the neurons: a) somatomotor b) visceromotor c) somatosensory d) viscerosensory e) interneurons 64. CM Axons of the visceromotor neuronsleave the spinal cord through the: a) posteriorroot of thespinal nerve b) anterior rootof the spinal nerve c) anterior median fissure of the spinal cord d) anterolateralgroove e) posterolateral groove 65. CM White matter of the spinal cord consists of: a) somatomotor neurons b) myelinated nerve fibers c) unmyelinated nerve fibers d) glial cells e) postganglionic fibers 66. CSReticular formation of the spinal cord is located: a) in the vicinity of the gray matter b) in gray commissure c) in white matter, between theposterior and lateral horns d) inside the anterior horn e) in the central canal 67. CM White matter of the spinal cord contains the following pathways: a) short,connecting b) descending, motor c) ascending, sensory d) ascending, nonspecific e) intersegmentary 68. CS Dorsal medullary column contains the fascicles: a) rubrospinal b) spinocerebellar c) corticospinal d) spinobulbar e) spinorubral 69. CM Segment C01 of the spinal cord is located: a) in medullary conus b) in the terminal filum c) at the level of the S1 vertebra d) at the level of the second lumbarvertebra e) in the cauda equina 70. CM Statements regarding the spinal cord: a) amount of the white matter is bigger on the transversesection of the cervical segment than ofthe lumbar one. b) anteriorhorn of the gray matter in the lumbar segmentsis larger than in the thoracic ones. c) fibers conducting pain and thermal sensations form a tract located in the anterior column of the spinal cord. d) descending fibersof motor areas of thecerebral cortexpassthrough the lateral and anterior columns of the white matter. e) descending fibers do not pass through the posterior column. 71. CM Statements regarding the fibersof posterior columnof the spinal cord: a) are particularly central extensions of neurons located in the spinal ganglia. b) they are central apophysis of the neurons of which peripheral extensions end in epidermis. c) form synapses in the nucleus gracilis and cuneatus. d) are fiberscoming from the same part of the body. e) is a part of a neuronal chain the most of which eventually ends in the cerebellum. 72. CM Which roots of which nerves are located in the lateral grooves of the spinal cord? a) cranial nerves b) vegetative c) spinal nerves d) sensory e) anterior and posterior 73. CM Structures located in longitudinal grooves of the spinal cored are: a) superior roots b) sensory roots c) anterior roots d)posterior roots e) median posterior septum 74. CM Spinal nerve contains the following fibers: a) somatomotor b) sensory c) short associative d) long associative e) commissural 75. CM Gray matter of the spinal cord forms: a) ventral gray columns (or cords) b) lateral white columns (or funiculi) c) posterior gray columns(or cords) d) posterior white columns (or funiculi) e) ventral white columns (or funiculi) 76. CM On the cross section of the spinal cord gray matter presents: a)posterior horns b) inferior horns c) spinal ganglia d) ventral horns e) choroid plexus 77. CM In a cross-section of spinal cord may be distinguished: a)white matter b) substantia nigra c) central canal d) cerebral aqueduct e) terminal cistern 78. CM Anterior hornsof the spinal gray matter contain nuclei: a) thoracic b) anterolateral and posterolateral c) posterior cord d) central e) anteromedial and posteromedial 79. CM Gray matter of theposterior cord contains: a) gelly substance b) thoracic nucleus c) lumbar nucleus d) spongy zone e) sympathetic nucleus 80. CM Lateral hornsof the spinal gray matter contain nuclei: a) motor b) sensory c) vegetativesympathetic d) vegetative parasympathetic e) lateral 81 CM Lateral white column of the spinal cordconsists of: a) the fascicleof Goll (gracilis) b) the ventral corticospinal tract c) the ventral spinocerebellar tract d) the rubrospinal tract e)the lateral spinothalamic tract 82 CM Lateral white columnof the spinal cord contains the conductive pathways: a) commissural b) ascending c) efferent d) descending e) spinobulbar 83 CM Rootlets of the spinal nerves are located at the level of: a) the posterior median groove b) the transverse groove c) the anterolateral groove d) the lateral caudal groove e) the laterodorsal groove 84 CM Lateral white columnof the spinal cord contains: a)the ventralspinocerebellar tract b) the ventral corticospinal tract c) the ventral spinothalamic tract d) the dorsal spinocerebellartract e) the rubrospinal tract 85 CM Posterior white column of the spinal cord consists of: a) the dorsalspinocerebellar tract b)the fascicleof Goll (gracilis) c) the corticospinal tract d)the fascicleof Burdach (cuneatus) e) thespinothalamictract 86 CM Thoracolumbarpart of the spinal cord consists of the segments: a) T1 – T12 b) L1 – L4 c) T 1 – T12 d) L1 – L6 e) L1 – L5 87 CM Ventral column of the spinal cordconsists of: a) the anterior corticospinal tract b)the fascicleof Burdach (cuneatus) c) thelateral corticospinal tract d) the dorsalspinocerebellartract e) theanterior spinothalamictract 88 CM Anterior column of the spinal cord contains the following tracts: a) the lateral spinothalamictract b)the ventral spinothalamictract c)the ventral corticospinal ventral d) the lateral corticospinal tract e) the corticonuclear tract 89 CM Ventral column of the white matter of the spinal cord consists of the tracts: a)the anterior corticospinal tract b) the ventral spinocerebellar tract c)the ventralspinothalamic tract d) the lateral corticospinal tract e) the rubrospinal tract 90 CM Lateral columnof the spinalcord contains thefollowing tracts: a) the corticonuclear tract b) the ventral corticospinal tract c)the dorsalspinocerebellar tract d)the ventralspinocerebellar tract e) the rubrospinal cord 91 CM Spinal meninges are: a)the pachimeninx b) the Henle’s membrane c) unmyelinatedsheath d)the arachnoid membrane e)the pia mater 92 CM Leptomeninx includes: a) the dura mater b)the arachnoid membrane c) the fibrous tunic d)the pia mater e) the intima 93 CMCerebrospinal fluid is contained in: a)the terminalcisternof the spinal cord b) the epiduralspace c) the subarachnoidspace d)the centralcanal e)the fundusof the subdural sac 94 CM Spinal cord is coveredwith the: a) the muscular tunic b)the dura mater c) the fibrous tunic d)the pia mater e)the arachnoidmembrane 95 CM Intermeningeal spacesof the spinal cord are: a) epicranian b) epidural c) subdural d) arachnoid e) subarachnoid 96 CM Factorsof fixation of the meningeal sac in the vertebral canal are: a)the cellulo-adipous tissue and venous plexuses ofthe epidural space b) anterior, lateral, posterior meningeovertebral ligaments c) dentate ligaments d)fusion of the dura mater with the periosteum ofthe intervertebral orifices e) increasedpressure în the vertebral canal 97 CM Spinal cord is fixed in the meningeal sac by: a) the denticulateligaments b) the posterior longitudinal septum thatunites the pia mater with arachnoid membrane in sagittal plan c) the cellulo-adipous tissue andvenous plexus of the epidural space d) existence of thesubarachnoid space e) negative pressure in the spinal canal Myelencephalonand pons 98 CS The nuclei of the myelencephalon are thefollowing, EXCEPT: a) ambiguus b) dorsal nucleus of X cranial nerve c) gracilis d) the inferior salivatory nucleus e) the interposed nucleus 99 CS Motor nucleus of one of the following nerves is located in the medulla oblongata: a) VI b) IX c) VII d) V e) III 100 CSOne of the sensory nuclei of the following nerves is located inside the medulla oblongata: a) XI b) III c) V d) XII e) VI 101 CS Acoustic radiationsconsist of the axons of neurons located inside: a) the dorsal cochlear nucleus b) the ventral cochlear nucleus c) the medial geniculatebody d) the lateral geniculate body e) the temporal cortex 102 CS Pons is a part ofthe: a) prosencephalon b) myelencephalon c) metencephalon d) mesencephalon e) all above mentioned are false 103 CSMotor nucleus ofone of the following cranial nerves is located inside the pons: a) XI b) X c) IX d) VI e) XII 104 CS Sensory nuclei of one of the following cranial nerves are located inside the pons only: a) VII b) X c) IX d) V e) VIII 105 CS Axons from the nucleus ambiguussupply muscles: a) of the tongue b) extrinsic muslesof the eyeball c) of the larynx d) muscles of the auricle e) muscles of mastication 106 CS Motor fibers of the following nerves start from the nucleus ambiguus: a) V, VI, VII b) III, VI, VII c) O, IX, X d) IX, X, XI e) V, VII, IX 107 CSWhich of the following nuclei is not associated with the rhombencephalon? a) b) c) d) e) 108 nucleus fastigii nucleus gracilis nucleus olivaris inferior nuclei of the vagus nerve oculomotor accessory nucleus CM Limits of the medulla oblongata are the following: a) superiorcolliculusof the laminaquadrigemina b)inferiormargin of the pons c) interthalamic adhesion d)greater occipital foramen e) orifice of the vertebra CI 109 CM Structures associated with the myelencephalon: a) the cerebral peduncles b)the pyramids c)the cuneate tubercles d) the mamillary bodies e)the olives 110 CM Statements related to the external structure of the myelencephalon: a) lateral grooves b) terminal groove c) longitudinal fissure d)cuneate colliculus e) pyramids 111 CM Centers located inside the myelencephalon: a) olfactory b) visual c) respiratory d) acoustic e)cardiovascular 112 CM Nuclei of the following cranial nerves are located inside the myelencephalon: a) XI b) V c) X d) IX e) XII 113 CM Sensory nuclei of the following cranial nerves are located inside the myelencephalon: a) X b) IX c) VII d) V e) XII 114 CM Nuclei located on the median line of the myelencephalon are: a) ambiguus b) nucleus of the hypoglossalnerve c) dorsal al vagului d) raphe magnus e) raphe pontis 115 CMDorsal cochlear nucleus is connected to the: a) superior vestibular nucleus b) thalamus c) reticular formation d) nuclei of trapezoid body e) nuclei of the lateral lemniscus 116 CM Statements related to the pyramids of the myelencephalon: a) b) c) d) e) 117 CM Statements on the medulla oblongata: a) b) c) d) e) 118 olives are located between the pyramidsand inferior cerebellarpeduncles. nervus vagus passes between the pyramid and olive. pyramidaldecussation is located in the posterior median groove. tuberculum gracilisis located posteriorly andclosely to the median line. spinalnucleus of the trigeminal nerve is located dorsolaterally. CM Nuclei located inside the medulla oblongata are: a) b) c) d) e) 119 they are located medially to the roots of the hypoglossal nerve they are located medially to the olives. consist mainly of descending fibers all their fibers form crossing inside the myelencephalon consist of the fibersthat start from the neurons of the precentral gyrus. salivatory inferior salivatory superior ambiguus nucleus of the solitary tract motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve CS Cranial nervespassing between the pyramidand olive are: a) abducent b) c) d) e) 120 CM Pons: a) b) c) d) e) 121 contains the nucleigiving processes to thecerebellum. contains the nucleiconnecting the cerebral cortex to the cerebellarcortex. is located on theclivus. is located in front of the basilarartery. is located above the exit of the facial nerve from the brain CM Pons: a) b) c) d) e) 122 trigeminal accessory hypoglossal glossopharyngeal the trigeminal nerve starts on itsupper margin contains the proper nuclei in its ventral part contains the corticospinal (pyramidal) tracts inside its ventral part is connected to the cerebellumby superior cerebellarpeduncles contains the continuation of the medial lemniscus CM Nuclei located inside the pons are: a) b) c) d) e) motor nucleus of the facial nerve. oculomotor spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve abducent inferiorsalivatory. 123 CSPons contains the following nuclei, EXCEPT: a) motor nucleus of the VI cranial nerve b) sensorynuclei of the VIII cranial nerve c) sensory nucleus of the V cranial nerve d) superiorsalivatory e) inferior salivatory 124 CM Medial lemniscus: a) consists mainly of the fibers that start from the ipsilateral nucleus gracilis andnucleus cuneatus b) it is a part of the cortical proprioreceptive pathway c) it formsa bandleof fiberslocated inside the ponsabove the trapezoid body d) it forms a bandle of fibers located inside the anteroposterior part of the myelencephalon e) ends in the anterior nucleus of thethalamus 125 Cerebellum, IV ventricle, rhomboid fossa, isthmus CS Cerebellumis located: a) in the upper floor of thecranial cavity, in front of thebrain stem b) in the middle floor of the cranial cavity, in front of the brain stem c) in the lower floor of the cranial cavity, in front of the brain stem a) in the lower floor of the cranial cavity, behind the brain stem b) in the upper floor of the cranial cavity, behind the brain stem 126 CS Cerebellumconsists of: a) an anterior part – paleocerebellum, and posterior part– neocerebellum, unitedbythe middle part –archicerebellum b) an anterior part –neocerebellum, one posterior part – paleocerebellum, unitedby the middle part –archicerebellum c) an anterior part – one posterior part –cerebellarhemispheres – unitedby the middle part – vermis d) two lateral parts –cerebellarhemispheres, unitedby medianpart – floculo-nodular lobe e) trunkandhemisphere 127 CS Floculo-nodular lobeis related to the: a) vermis b) cerebellarhemispheres c) paleocerebellum d) neocerebellum e) archicerebellum 128 CS Cerebellumis connected with thebrain stemby means of: a) three pairs ofthe cerebral peduncles that connect it to themedulla oblongata, ponsand mesencephalon b) efferentand afferent fibers grouped into threepairs of the cerebral peduncles c) three pairs of the cerebellar peduncles that contain three layers of the cells, the mainof them is middle layer of Purkinje cells d) three pairs of the cerebellar peduncles containing the superficial gray matterand deep white matter e) those three pairs of the cerebellar peduncles containing the afferent and efferent fibersconnecting it to themedulla oblongata, pons and mesencephalon 129 CS Cerebellumisconnected to the myelencephalon by means of the: a) afferent fibers b) c) d) e) efferent fibers middle cerebellar peduncles inferior cerebellar peduncles superiorcerebellar peduncles 130 CSCerebellumconsists of the gray and white substances arranged such: a) superficial white substance – cortex ofthe cerebellum;internal gray matter –cerebellar nuclei b) superficial gray substance – cortex of the cerebellum; internal white matter – cerebellar nuclei c) superficial gray matter - cortex of the cerebellum; andinternal white matter – cerebellar nuclei d) peripheral white matter – cortex of the cerebellum; internally – cerebellar nuclei, andgray matter - between the cortex and nuclei e) three intermittent layers, the most important of them being that of the Purkinje cells 131 CS Cerebellarcortexconsists of: a) fiberswithcortical origin b) layer of the cells of Purkinje c) fibers with spinal origin d) three layers of cells e) commissural fibers 132 CS Asociative fibers of the cerebellumform connections between the: a) cerebellumandspinal cord b) cerebellumandbrain stem c) cerebellumand thalamus d) cerebellumandcerebral cortex e) cerebellar cortexandcerebellar nuclei CS Cerebellumgets the afferent fibers mainly: a) tactile b) interoceptive c) proprioceptive d) all types of sensitivity e) fibers conducting thermicandpain sensitivity 133 134 CS Efferent fibers from the cerebellumare directed to the: a) epithalamus b) thalamus c) hypothalamus d) medulla oblongata e) globus pallidus 135 CS Cerebellumisconnected with the adjacent segments of the brain bymeans of the: a) cerebral peduncles b)cerebellar peduncles c) cerebellarhemispheres d) cerebellar vermis e) internal capsule 136 CS Superiorcerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellumto the: a) diencephalon b) myelencephalon c) mesencephalon d) prosencephalon e) pons 137 CS Inferior cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellumto the: a) spinal cord b) pons c) myelencephalon d) mesencephalon e) cerebral hemispheres 138 CS Middle cerebellar peduncules connect the cerebellumto the: a) gray matter b) nucleus of Iacubovici c) myelencephalon d) pons Varolio e) diencephalon 139 CS Consecutivity of location of the cerebellar peduncles from medial to lateral: a) b) c) d) e) 140 middle – superior – inferior. inferior – middle – superior. superior – inferior – middle. middle – inferior – superior. superior – middle – inferior. CS The fourth cerebral ventricle is a cavity of the : a) prosencephalon b) mesencephalon c)rhombencephlon d) diencephalon e) cerebral hemispheres 141 CS The fourth cerebral ventricle communicates with the third oneby: a) central canal b) median aperture c) lateral aperture d)cerebral aqueduct e) interventricular foramina 142 CS Cerebrospinal fluid flows from the IV-th cerebralventricle through the: a) aqueductof Sylvius b) foramen of Magendie c) foramen of Monro d) choroidplexus of the IVth ventricle e) all above mentioned are wrong 143 CS Aqueductof Sylvius communicates the following structures: a) the IVthventricleand ependimal canal b) the IVthventricle andsubarachnoid space c) lateral ventricles andthe IIIrdventricle d) the IIIrdandIVth ventricles e) both lateral ventricles 144 CS Nucleus of the solitary tractis commonfor the nerves: a) V - VI – VII b) VII - VIII - IX c) VII - IX - X d) IX - X - XI e) X - XI - XII 145 CM Cerebellum contains the following structures: a)cerebellarhemisferae b)cerebellar peduncles c) cerebral peduncles d) vermis e) basilar groove 146 CS Cerebellum sends efferent fibers to the following structures, EXCEPT: a) thalamus b) red nucleus c) gray tuber (tuber cinereum) d) reticular system e) vestibular nuclei 147 CS Basal part of the cerebral peduncles contains: a) medial lemniscus b) frontopontine fibers c) spinothalamic tracts d) lateral lemniscus e) rubrospinal fascicle 148 CS Superior cerebellar peduncles contain the following tracts, EXCEPT: a) ventral spinocerebellar b) dorsal spinocerebellar c) cerebellorubral d) cerebellothalamic e) cerebelloreticular 149 CS Cerebellum includes the following lobes: a) 2 on each side(anterior-paleocerebellum, posterior-neocerebellum) unitedby the median part -vermis b) 2 lateral cerebellar, unitedby the median part –floculonodular lobe c) anterior-paleocerebellum, posterior-neocerebellumand floculonodular lobe d) 2 lateral lobes on each side (those anterior form the paleocerebellum, those posteriorneocerebellum), unitedby 2 lobessituated between them, vermis andfloculonodular lobe e) anterior-paleocerebellum, middle-vermis, superior – floculonodular lobe 150 CM Gray matter of the cerebellum forms: a) cerebral cortex b) basal nuclei c)cerebellar cortex d) red nucleus e)cerebellar nuclei 151 CM Cerebellum gets fibers from the: a) spinal cord b) brain stem c) cerebral cortex d) thalamus e) reticular system 152 CM Cerebellar nuclei are: a) emboliform nucleus b) red nucleus c)dentate nucleus d) substantia nigra e)nucleus globosus 153 CM Cerebellum gets fibers from the: a) thalamus b) myelencephalon c) basal nuclei d) pons of Varoli e) pyramids of the medullla oblongata 154 CM Afferent fibers to the cerebellum come from the: a) cerebral cortex b) diencephalon c) brain stem d) basal nuclei e) olive 155 CM Cerebellum gives efferent fibers to the: a) pons of Varoli b) cerebral peduncles c) quadrigeminal colliculus d) basal nuclei e) anterior hornsof the spinal cord 156 CM Cerebellum gives efferent fibers to the: a) spinal cord b) myelencephalon c) mesencephalon d) thalamus e) striated body 157 CM Gray matter of thecerebellum is located: a) superficially b) forms a net c) formscerebellar nuclei d) inside the cerebellar peduncles e) inside the vermis 158 CM Cerebellum contains: a) cerebellarhemispheres b) c) d) e) vermis floculonodular lobe cerebral peduncles isthmus of the rhombencephalon 159 CM Cerebellum is located: a) inside inferiorfloor of the cranial cavity b) it continuesthe cerebral peduncles c) behind the brain stem d) inside of anterior floor of the cranial cavity e) inside the intradural space 160 CM Superior cerebellar peduncles contain: a) b) c) d) e) 161 contain fibers of theposterior spinocerebellar tract fibers of theventral spinocerebellar tract. fibers of thecerebellotegmentaltract. fibersthat form dicussation inside themesencephalon. fibersdirected to thethalamus. CM Cerebellum: a) b) c) d) e) cerebellumgets fibers associated with proprioreception through the inferior peduncles hasconnectionswith the frontal lobe by the superior cerebellar peduncle andthalamus. does not contain other gray matter than that from thecerebellar cortex. its cortex has uniform structure. gets fibers from theolivarynucleus especially those ipsilateral. 162 CM The Ivthcerebral ventricle communicates with: a) subdural space b)subarachnoid space c) central canal of the spinal cord d) lateral ventricles e)the III-rd ventricle 163 CM Communications of the IV-th cerebral ventricle are done by: a) piriform aperture b) lateral apertures c) median aperture d) interventricular orifices e) cerebral aqueduct 164 CM The IVth cerebral ventricle communicates with subarachnoid space through the: a) silvian aqueduct b)orifices of Luschka c) orificeof Monro d)orificeof Magendie e) central canal 165 CM The IVth cerebral ventricle communicates with the subarachnoid space through the: a)median aperture b) piriform aperture c) interventricular orifices d)lateral apertures e) cerebral aqueduct 166 CM The IVth cerebral ventricle contains: a) serous fluid b) tissural fluid c)choroid plexus d) venous plexuses e) cephalorachidian fluid 167 CM Walls of the IVth cerebral ventricle: a) superior medullaryvelum b) romboid fossa c) fastigium of fourth ventricle d) inferior medullaryvelum e) inferior cerebellar peduncles 168 CM The roof of theIVth cerebral ventricle consists of: a) cerebral peduncles b)superior cerebellar peduncles c)inferior medullary velum d)superior medullary velum e) pyramids of the myelencephalon 169 CM The floor of theIVth cerebral ventricle: a) triangle of the vagus nerveis locatedin the lower angle of the rhomboid fossain close proximity to the midline b) facial colliculus is placednear themidline in the upper part of the rhomboid fossa. c) vestibular areais adjacent to the lateral angle d) triangle of the hypoglosal nerveis located laterallyto the triangle of the vagus nerve e) nucleusof the abducent nerveislocatedat the level of the facialcolliculus 170 171 CM Rhomboid fossa consists of: a) cerebellar vermis b) pons of Varolio c) cerebral peduncles d) dorsal surface of themyelencephalon e) anterior surface of the myelencephalon CM Nuclei of the cranial nerves located in the superior angle of the rhomboid fossa are: a) III b) V c) VII d) IX e) XI 172 CM Nuclei of the cranial nerves located in the superior angle of the rhomboid fossa are: a) IV b) VI c) VII d) VIII e) XI 173 CM Nuclei of the cranial nerves located in the inferior angle of the rhomboid fossa are: a) IV b) IX c) VI d) X e) XI 174 CM Nuclei of the cranial nerves located in the inferior angle of the rhomboid fossa are: a) V b) IX c) XII d) X e) VIII 175 CM Nuclei of the trigeminal nerve located in the rhomboid fossa are: a) visceromotor b) pontine c)of the mesencephalic tract d) motor e) of the solitary tract 176 CM Sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve are: a) thalamic b) nucleus of the spinal tract c) pontine d) nucleus ambiguus e )nucleus of the mesencephalic tract 177 CM Nuclei of the facial nerve located at the level of rhomboid fossa: a) visceromotor b) superior salivatory c) inferior salivatory d) motor e) pontine 178 CM Superior and inferior salivatory nuclei are related to the cranial nerves: a) V b) VII c) VIII d) IX e) X 179 CM Vegetative nuclei of the rhomboid fossa are: a) nucleus of the mesencephalic tract b)superior salivatory c) dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve d) ventrolateral e) lacrimal 180 CM Nuclei of the glossopharyngeal nerve located in the rhomboid fossa are: a) dorsal b)ambiguus c) nucleus of the spinal tract d solitary e) inferior salivatory 181 CM Nuclei of the VIII cranial nerve located in the rhomboid fossa are: a)ventral cochlear b)dorsal cochlear c) medial vestibular d) central vestibular e) lateral vestibular 182 CM Nuclei of the vagus nerve located in the rhomboid fossa are: a) pontine b)nucleusof the solitary tract c) ambiguus d) dorsal e) spinal 183 CS Nucleus ambiguus is related to the cranial nerves: a) III - IV b) VII - IX c) IX – X - XI d) IX – XI e) X - XI 184 CM Nucleus of the solitary tract is related to the cranial nerves: a) V b) VII c) VIII d) IX e) XI 185 CS What of the following nuclei is not related to the rhombencephalon ? a) nucleus fastigii b) nucleus gracilis c) inferior olivary nucleus d) red nucleus e) nuclei of the vagus nerve 186 187 Mesencephalon. Reticular system CS Tectum of the mesencephalon is formed by: a) lateral geniculate bodies b) superior colliculi c)quadrigeminal lamina d) mamillary bodies e) inferior colliculi CS Motor nucleus of one of the following cranial nerves is located in the mesencephalon: a) X b) VI c) V d) VII e) III 188 CS Sensory nucleus of one of the following cranial nerves is located in the mesencephalon: a) IX b) VII c) V d) VIII e) X 189 CS The following cranial nerves arerelated to the brain stem, except: a) III b) V c) XII d) IV e) I 190 CS Red nucleus is located in the midbrain at the level of the: a) inferiorcolliculus b) superiorcolliculus c) both colliculi d) pontomesencephalic junction e) c + d 191 CS What of the following structures are not located inside the cerebral peduncles? a) nucleus oculomotor b) substantia nigra c) superior colliculi d) tegmentum e) none of the mentioned structures 192 CM Mesencephalon consists of: a) myelencephalon b) tectum c) metencephalon d)cerebral peduncles e) superior cerebellar peduncles 193 CM Transverse section of the cerebral pedunclesshows: a) apex of peduncle b) tegmentum of the mesencephalon c) base of peduncle (cerebral pillar) d) lateral masses e) substantia nigra 194 CM Gray matter of the mesencephalon is organized in aspect: a) caudate nucleus b)red nucleus c) nucleus ambiguus d) vegetative parasympathetic nuclei e) nuclei of the cranial nerves III and IV 195 CM Cerebral peduncles: a) b) c) d) e) 196 CM Structures located inside the mesencephalon: a) b) c) d) e) 197 substantia nigra. superiorcolliculi. motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. nucleusof the abducent nerve. decussation of thesuperiorcerebellar peduncles of Wernekinck. CM Structures located inside the mesencephalon: a) b) c) d) e) 198 they are a part of themesencephalon. are located medially to the trochlear nerve. their anterior partsarecrossed by the middle cerebral artery. they contain the descending corticospinal fibers in their basilar part. optic nerve passes on their anterior part. mediallemniscus. frontopontinefibers. lateral lemniscus. red nucleus. medial geniculate body. CM Structures related to the mesencephalon: a) nuclei of the oculomotornerve. b) tectospinaltract. c) medial longitudinalfascicle. d) superior salivatory nucleus. e) nucleusof the solitary tract. 199 CS Which of the following structures are not located in the cerebral pillars? a) oculomotor nucleus b) substantia nigra c) superior colliculi d) tegmentum e) none of the mentioned structures 200 CM Interpeduncular fossa: a) contains the posteriorperforated substance b) it is place of appearance of the abducent nerve (VI) c) laterally it is limitedbythe superiorcerebellarpeduncles d) it is a part of the mesencephalon e) it is a part of the diencephalon Diencephalonul. III 201 CS Diencephalon is located: a) above the cerebellum and under the cerebral hemispheres b) above the brain stem and under the cerebellum c) it continues the brain stem under the cerebral hemispheres d) above the spinal cord and under the cerebral hemispheres e) under the cerebral hemispheres and in front of the brain stem 202 CS Diencephalon includes: a) thalamus, metathalamus, hypothalamus b) thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus, neurohypophysis c) thalamus, metathalamus, hypophysis, hypothalamus d) thalamus, metathalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus e) thalamus, geniculate bodies, epiphysis, hypothalamus 203 CS Which of the following structures derive from the diencephalon? a) posterior lobe of the pituitary gland b) mamillary bodies c) genu corporis callosi d) a + b e) all mentioned above 204 CS Ascending conductive pathways having thalamic relay, EXCEPT: a) conductive pathway of tactile epicritic sensibility b) olfactory pathway c) conductive pathway of conscious proprioceptive sensibility d) conductive pathway of taste e) conductive pathway of tactile protopathic sensibility 205 206 CS Sensory conductive pathways having the thalamic relay, EXCEPT: a) olfactory b) auditory c) taste d) optic e) conductive pathway of tactile epicritic sensibility CS Which of the following thalamic nuclei have afferent connections with the cerebellum? a) ventral lateral b) dorsomedial c) anterior d) reticular e) pulvinar 207 CS Which of the following structures are parts of the epithalamus? a) stria terminalis b) stria medullaris thalami c) fornix d) posterior commissure e) pulvinar 208 CS Functions of anterior nuclei of the hypothalamus: a) secretion of hormones that are stored in the adenohypophysis b) secretion of hormones that are stored in the neurohypophysis c) sympathetic integration d) secretion of gonadotrop hormones e) coordination of sexual function CS Hypothalamus is controled by: a) thalamus b) brain stem c) cerebellum d) cortex of cerebral hemispheres e) basal nuclei 209 210 CS Functions of dorsal nuclei of the hypothalamus: a) sympathetic integration b) parasympathetic thermoregulatory integration c) control of secretory activity of anterior hypophysis d) secretion of hormones that are stored in the posterior hypophysis e) all mentioned above are false 211 CS Posterior perforated substance a) is located between the medial and lateral olfactory striae b) is located in front of the infundibulum c) is limited by the cerebral peduncles laterally d) is covered by the lamina terminalis e) c + b 212 CS Statines and liberines are producted by: a) magnocellular or colinergic cells b) parvocellular or adrenergic cells c) nuclei of the lateral hypotalamicarea d) mamillary bodies bodies e) medial and lateral geniculate bodies 213 CS Which part of the diencephalon is presented by hypothalamus? a) ventral b) dorsal c) antero-superior d) postero-inferior e) lateral 214 CS Subthalamus is located: a) mediallyto thethalamusand dorsallyto the hypothalamus b) ventrally to the thalamusand laterally to the hypothalamus c) medially to the hypothalamus d) infront of the lamina terminalis e) laterally to theinternal capsule 215 CS Which of the following structures derive from the telencephalon? a) Broca’s area, insula, septal nucleus b) bulb of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle, lamina terminalis, hypophysis c) inferior brachium, red nucleus, gyrus cinguli d) a + b e) none of the mentioned above CS Orifice of Monro communicates: a) choroid plexuses with the IIIrd ventricle b) lateral ventricles with the IIIrd ventricle c) IIIrd and Vth ventricles d) IVth ventricle with the subarachnoid space 216 e) lateral ventricles with the IV-th one 217 CS The roof of the IIIrd ventricle is formed by: a) fornix b) corpus callosum c) ependima d) tela choroidea e) all mentioned above 218 CS Tela choroidea of the IIIrd ventricle: a) consists of a double layer of the pia b) forms the floor of the IIIrd ventricle c) consists of double ependimal layer d) is located between the callosal body and fornix e) continues in the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle 219 CM Diencephalon consists of: a) quadrigemnal lamina b) thalamic region c) IVth ventricle d) hypothalamus e) III rd ventricle 220 CM Associative nuclei of the thalamus have functions: a) reley on the olfactory way b) sympathetic and parasympathetic integration c) reley on the specific sensibility d) reley on the visualand auditory pathways e) integration of impulsesfrom the thalamic nuclei 221 CM Thalamus has nuclei: a) of reley on the specific sensibility pathway b) of association c) non-specific d) of reley on the acoustic and visual pathway e) motor 222 CM Component parts of the thalamic region: a) hypothalamus b) metathalamus c) metencephalon d) thalamus e) epithalamus 223 CM Structures related to the thalamus: a) wings b) pulvinar c) cerebral peduncles d) anterior tubercle e) medialand dorsal surfaces 224 CM Gray matter of the thalamus is organized under the aspect of: a) dorso-lateral nuclei b) anterior and posterior nuclei c) inferior nuclei d) ventrolateral nuclei e) medial nuclei 225 CM Stria medullaris thalami: a) connects amygdala with subcallosal area b) connects habenular nucleus with septal area c) connects myelencephalon with thalamus d) passes together with the thalamostriate vein between the caudate nucleus and thalamus e) connects habenular nucleus with caudate one 226 CM Thalamus: a) b) c) d) e) is separated from the lentiform nucleus by anterior limb of the internal capsule. forms a part of the lateral wall of the IIIrd ventricle. interventricular foramen is located behind it is located under the body of the fornix. its superior surface is a part of the floor of the thirdventricle 227 CM Under the functional aspect, thalamic nuclei are: a) subcortical motor centers b) vegetative centers c) reley of the sensory conductive pathway d) subcortical sensory center e)subcortical sensory centers 228 CM Metathalamus consists of: a) lateral geniculate bodies b) superior colliculi c) callosal body d) medial geniculate bodies e) genu of the internal capsule 229 CM Metathalamus consists of: a) lateral geniculate body b) epiphysis c) medial geniculate body d) hypophysis e) pulvinar 230 CM Epithalamus includes: a) epiphysis b) hypophysis c) nucleusof the olfactico-somatic reflexes d) geniculate bodies e) habenulae 231 CM Epithalamus includes the following structures a) hypophysis b) epiphysis c) anterior cerebral commissure d) habenulae e) habenular commissure 232 CM Under the functional aspect nervous centers of the metathalamus are: a) subcortical olfactory centers b) subcortical visual centers c) reley of optic conductive pathway d) taste centers e) vegetative centers 233 CM Endocrine structures in components of the diencephalon: a) cromaffine bodies b) pineal body c) hypophysis d) epiphysis e) pituitary gland 234 CM Hypothalamus consists of: a) medial, lateral and periventricular zones, b) two pairs of the geniculate bodies c) anterior, middle and posterior nuclei d) rostral, dorsal, intermediate, lateral and posterior areas e) nuclei of the association 235 CS Hypothalamus controls activity of the endocrine glands through the: a) cerebral cortex b) brain stem c) connections with the thalamus d) connections with hypophysis e) direct connections with the endocrine glands 236 CM Structures related to the hypothalamus are: a) decussation of pyramids b) optic chiasma c) geniculate bodies d) mamillary bodies bodies e) grey tuber with the infundibulum and hypophysis 237 CM Neurosecretory hypothalamic cells are located in: a) paraventricular nucleus b) supraoptic nucleus c) ventromedial nucleus d) infundibular nuclei e) nuclei of the mamillary bodies 238 CM Hypothalamus is an integration center of the: a) limbic system b) reticular system c) parasympathetic nervous system d) sympathetic nervous system e) endocrine glands 239 CM Hypothalamus contains: a) olfactory tract b) optic tract c) optic chiasma d) gray tuber and infundibulum e) mamillary bodies 240 CM Optic tract: a) b) c) d) e) contains axons of the neurons bodies of which are located in retina contains fibers from the medial half of both retinae all its fibers end inside the medial geniculate body contains fibers forming the brachium of the inferior colliculi contains fibers that constitute afferent part of the pupillary reflex 241 CM Optic chiasma: 242 a) is located in front of the infundibulum b) is placed laterally of the internal carotid artery c) contains fibers originated from the bipolar neurons of the retina d) contains fibers that end in the lateral geniculate body e) contains a decussation of fibers associated with the nasal parts of both retinae CM Hypothalamus: a) b) c) d) e) extends from the optic chiasma till the infundibulum has three funcţional zones and five morfological areas produces hormones that are stored in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis oxitocine is produced in its supraoptic nucleus it is a superior center of the thermoregulation 243 CM Structures related to the subthalamus: a) subthalamic nucleus (Luys’ body) b) lenticular fascicle c) mamillothalamic fascicle d) subtalamic fascicle e) uncertain zone 244 CM Communications of the IIIrd cerebral ventricle: a) subdural space b) IVth ventricle c) subarachnoid space (directly) d) lateral ventricles e) central canal (directly) 245 CM Ways of communications of the IIIrd cerebral ventricle: a) central canal of the spinal cord b) lateral apertures (Luschka’s) c) interventricular orifices d) Silvian aqueduct e) median aperture (Magendie’s) 246 CM The IIIrd cerebral ventricle contains: a) venous plexuses b) cerebrospinal fluid c) tissular fluid d) choroid plexus e) vascular miraculous nets 247 CM Walls of the IIIrd cerebral ventricle: a) medial b) lateral c) sagittal d) superior e) inferior 248 CM The IIIrd cerebral ventricle: a) communicates with the lateral ventricle through the interventricular orifices. b) communicates with the IV ventricle through the Sylvian aqueduct. c) comunicates with the subarachnoid space through the orifices of its roof. d) does not contain the choroid plexus. e) is located in front of the pineal body. 249 CS False statement related to the anterior cerebral commissure: a) is located in the upper part of the lamina terminalis b) connects mainly the temporal lobes c) passes through the inferior part of the lentiform nucleus d) is seen on the frontal section at the level of the mamillary bodies e) includes fibers of the olfactory pathways 250 251 Cerebral hemispheres, reliefof the cortex, rhinencephalon CS Inside the cerebral hemispheres mass is located: a) IIIrd ventricle b) IVth ventricle c) lateral ventricle d) subarachnoid space e) cerebral aqueduct CS Vascularization of the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres: a) middle cerebral artery b) anterior cerebral artery c) posterior cerebral artery d) basilar trunk e) middle and anterior cerebral arteries 252 CS Interhemispheric fissure sepates: a) basal parts of the cerebral hemispheres b) frontal lobe from the parietal one c) frontal lobe from the temporal one d) two cerebral hemispheres e) only convex surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres 253 CS Cortical areas are limited by: a) surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres b) lobes of the cerebral hemispheres c) interlobar groove d) cortical giry e) do not have clear delineation 254 CS The most voluminous part of the brain is: a) diencephalon b) cerebellar hemispheres c) brain stem d) cerebral hemispheres e) basal ganglia 255 CS The best development of the human cerebral cortex is caused by: a) location of the cortical centers of the sensory systems b) it gets informations from all segments of the body c) it gets fibers from the visual pathway d) it is a superior integrational segment of the body functions e) its highest degree of development CS Correct statements related to the cerebral hemispheres, EXCEPT: a) interlobar grooves b) frontal groove c) foliae d) cortical areas e) parietal lobe 256 257 CS Cuneus belongs to the lobe: a) frontal b) occipital c) temporal d) insular e) parietal 258 CM Phylogenetically in the cerebral cortex are described: a) receiving cellular layers b) paleocortex c) effector cellular layers d) neocortex e) cortical columns 259 CM Neocortex: a) is phylogenetically new b) is sensivo-sensorial zone c) is motor zone d) is not present in the occipital lobe e) its another name is isocortex 260 CM Interlobar grooves of the cerebral hemispheres are: a) hippocampic b) occipital c) precentral d) frontal e) insular 261 CM Cerebral hemispheres are united by: a) epithalamus b) anterior white commissure c) meninges d) callosal body e) hypothalamus 262 CM Surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres show: a) lateral (Sylvian) groove b) central (Rolando) groove c) precentralgyrus d) calcarine groove e) auricular gyrus 263 CM Phylogenetically, cerebral cortex is: a) paleocortex b) motor cortex c) neocortex d) sensory cortex e) izocortex 264 CM Telencephalon consists of: a) cerebellar hemispheres b) cerebral hemispheres c) callosal body d) pons Varolio e) cerebral peduncles 265 CS Which of the following structures derive from the telencephalon? a) b) c) d) e) Broca’s area, insula, septal nucleus. bulb of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle, lamina terminalis, hypophysis. brachium inferior, red nucleus, gyrus cinguli. a+b none of the above mentioned. 266 CM Grooves of the cerebral hemisferae are: a) anterior b) central c) lateral d) posterior e) parieto-occipital 267 CM Frontal lobe of the cerebral hemisphera is limited by: a) superior frontal groove b) longitudinal fissure c) precentral groove d) lateral groove e) central groove 268 CM Lobes of the cerebral hemisphere are: a) intraparietal b) insular c) temporal d) orbital e) occipital 269 CM Parietal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere is limited by: a) postcentral groove b) lateral groove c) longitudinal fissure d) central groove e) intraparietal groove 270 CM Lobes of the cerebral hemisphere: a) superior b) lateral c) occipital d) parietal e) frontal 271 CM Poles of the cerebral hemisphere: a) superior b) frontal c) terminal d) temporal e) occipital 272 CM Cerebral hemispheres show: a) dorsolateral surface b) posterior surface c) occipital pole d) inferior pole e) medial surface 273 CM Gyri of the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere: a) lateral occipitotemporal gyrus b) precuneus c) inferior temporal gyrus d) gyrus rectus e) gyrus fornicatus 274 CM Gyrus fornicatus consists of: a) paracentral lobule b) gyrusof the callosal body c) lingual gyrus d) parahippocampal lobule e) fornix 275 CM Precentral gyrus: a) is related to the frontal lobe. b) is a motor area of the cerebral cortex. c) its cortex is a bit thicker than that of the postcentral gyrus. d) its lower part has neural connections with the lower part of the body. e) Contains giant pyramidal cells of Betz. 276 CM Cerebral hemispheres are connected to each other in their basal parts by: a) callosal body b) anterior white commissure c) posterior white commissure d) cerebral triangle e) all above mentioned 277 CM Cerebral hemispheres are connected to each other in their basal parts by the following structures, except: a) callosal body b) cerebral triangle c) anterior white commissure d) interhemispheric fissure e) posterior white commissure 278 CM Gyri of the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere: a) superior temporal b) lateral occipitotemporal c) postcentral d) inferior frontal e) gyrus of the callosal body 279 CM Cuneus is bounded by: a) groove of the callosal body b) groove of the hippocampus c) parietooccipital groove d) calcarine spur e) calcarine groove 280 CM Grooves of the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere: a) precentral b) parahyppocampal c) lateral frontal d) intraparietal e) inferior temporal 281 CM Gyri of the inferior surface of the cerebral hemisphere: a) gyrus rectus b) cingular gyrus c) medial occipitotemporal gyrus d) orbital gyri e) paracentral lobule 282 CM Precuneus is bounded by: a) intraparietal groove b) cingular groove c) calcarine groove d) parietooccipital groove e) hippocampal groove 283 CM Gyri of the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere: a) paracentral lobule b) inferior parietal lobule c) cuneus d) superior frontal gyrus e) postcentral gyrus 284 CM Gyri of the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere: a) paracentral lobule b) superior parietal lobule c) angular gyrus d) parahippocampal gyrus e) superior frontal gyrus 285 CM Grooves of the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere: a) postcentral groove b) supramarginal groove c) inferior temporalgroove d) inferior frontal groove e) transverseoccipital groove 286 CM Gyri of the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere: a) inferior parietal lobule b) supramarginal gyrus c) fornicate gyrus d) orbital gyri e) rectus gyrus(or straight gyrus) 287 CM Grooves of the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere: a) cingular groove b) parietooccipital groove c) lateral groove d) central groove e) lateral occipitotemporal groove 288 Location of the functions in the cerebral cortex. Limbic system CS Location of the cortical center of stereognosis: a) paracentral lobule b) postcentral gyrus c) parietal superior lobule d) parietal inferior lobule e) angular gyrus 289 CS Cortical motor center of the written speech analyzer is located in: a) superior frontal gyrus b) precentralcentral c) middle frontal central d) paracentral lobule e) superior parietal lobule 290 CS Cortical center of the auditory analyzer (of the oral speech) is located in: a) postcentral gyrus posterioară b) inferior frontal gyrus c) superior temporal gyrus d) inferior temporalgyrus e) medial geniculate bodies 291 CS Cortical motor center of the oral speech is located in: a) precentral gyrus b) superior temporal gyrus c) middle frontalgyrus d) inferior frontal gyrus e) lingual gyrus 192 CS Broca’ s center is located in: a) superior frontal gyrus b) middle frontal gyrus c) inferior frontal gyrus d) ascendending frontal gyrus e) superior temporal gyrus 293 CS Location of the auditory areas: a) in all somesthetic area b) precentralgyrus c) occipital lobe d) superior temporal gyrus e) hippocampicgyrus 294 CS Location of the main motor area of the cerebral cortex: a) temporal lobe b) limbic lobe c) parietal lobe d) occipital lobe e) frontal lobe 295 CS Temporal lobe has the following functions, except: a) is connected to the vestibular areas b) coordinates instinctual behavior c) is related to certain emotional reactions d) related to control of the sexual activity e) contains auditory areas 296 CS Motor neocortex comprises cortical areas from which the conductive pathways start: a) extrapyramidal b) pyramidal and bulbothalamic c) extrapyramidal and some axons of the pyramidal pathway d) pyramidal and extrapyramidal 297 CS Cortical verbomotor area is located in: a) b) c) d) e) frontal lobe temporal lobe occipital lobe parietal lobe limbic lobe 298 CS To which of the following pairs of structures is gyrus dentatus associated? a) nucleus ruber, thalamus b) nucleus ruber, substantia nigra c) hippocampus, supracallosal gyrus (or indusium griseum) d) hippocampus, nucelus caudatus e) lentiform and amygdaloid nuclei 299 CM Motor cortical center is located in: a) superior parietal lobule b) paracentral lobule c) middle frontal gyrus d) precentral gyrus e) angular gyrus 300 CM Cortical center of general sensitivity and proprioception is located in: a) precentral gyrus b) superior frontal gyrus c) superior parietal lobule d) postcentral gyrus e) paracentral lobule 301 CM Location of the cortical center of visual analyzer: a) inferior frontal gyrus b) occipital lobe c) orbital gyri d) zone of the calcarine groove e) calcarine spurs (calcar avis) CM Limbic system has the following functions, except: a) olfactory b) vegetative c) sexual d) motor extrapyramidal e) motor pyramidal 302 303 CM Limbic system is involved in the functions: a) olfactory b) stereognosis c) sexual d) regulation of food intake e) all above mentioned 304 CM Areas located on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphereare: a) auditory b) taste c) of balance d) somesthetic area of the face e) olfactory 305 CM Protopathic sensitivity is projected in: a) primary somesthetic area (synonym: somatic sensory cortex) b) total senso-motor area c) total parietal lobe d) secundarysomesthetic area e) diffuse on cerebral cortex 306 CM Neurons of the primary motor area coordinates voluntary mobility by the following tracts: a) corticonuclear fascicles b) anterior pyramidal fascicle c) pyramidal ways d) extrapyramidal ways e) crossing pyramidal fascicle 307 CM Limbic system constitutes a functional unit in connection with: a) prefrontal lobe b) basal ganglia c) thalamus d) hypothalamus e) limbic lobe 308 CM Cerebral hemisphere: a) area associated with general sensibility is located inside the parietal lobe. b) optic area is located on the medial surface of the occipital lobe. c) acoustic area is located on the anterior end of the inferior temporal gyrus. d) motor cortical center of articulate speech is located in the superior frontal gyrus. e) olfactory area is located in the frontal lobe. 309 a) b) c) d) e) f) 310 CM Structures associated with the auditory pathway: a) b) c) d) e) 311 312 CM Which of the following structures is not related to auditory function? Heschl's gyri (or Heschl's convolutions) lateral geniculate body inferior colliculus planum temporale anterior temporal transverse gyrus cochlear nuclei of the rhombencephalon. medial geniculate body. medial lemniscus. superior temporal gyrus. anterior limb of the internal capsule. White matter of the cerebral hemisphere. Basal nuclei. Lateral ventricles CS Callosal body consists of the nerve fibers: a) projection b) association c) commissural d) sensory e) vegetative CS Which of the following statements on anterior brain commissure is false? a) is located in the upper part of the lamina terminalis. b) connects mainly with the temporal lobes. c) passes through the inferior part of the lentiform nucleus. d) can be seen on the frontal section through the mamillary bodies bodies. e) includes fibers of the olfactory way. 313 CS Cerebral hemisphere are joined to each other by: a) meninges b) hippocampus c) basal ganglia d) cerebral triangle e) commissures 314 CSFasciculus uncinatus is a part of: a) b) c) d) e) major forceps. arcuate fascicle. inferior occipitofrontal fascicle. inferior longitudinal fascicle. all above are false. 315 a) b) c) d) e) f) CS Which of the following structures does not contain commissural fibers? tapetum. interthalamic adherence. lyre of David (hippocampal commissure). minor forceps. splenium of the callosal body. 316 CS Striated body: a) b) c) d) e) 317 contains bidirectional connections with amygdala. has diencephalic origin. includes amygdala and nucleus accumbens. includes caudate and lentiform nuclei. a+d CS External and internal capsules: a) b) c) d) e) are separated by claustrum. are separated by lentiform nucleus. a part of their fibers derive from posterior commissure. a+b none mentioned above 318 CS Caudate nucleus is separated from the globus pallidus by: a) extreme capsule b) external capsule c) internal capsule d) great cerebral commissure (callosal body) e) anterior commissure 319 CS Lentiform nucleus is separated from the thalamus and caudate nucleus by: a) semioval center b) callosal body c) internal capsule d) external capsule e) fornix 320 CS Which of the following statements on the internal capsule is correct? a) consists of bidirectional projectional fibers b) corticorubral tract passes through the knee of internal capsule c) consists of unidirectional fibers only d) corticospinal fibers (pyramidal) pass through its anterior limb (crus) e) separates thalamus from the external capsule 321 CS Internal capsule is located: a) betweenthe caudate nucleus, thalamus and lentiform nucleus b) between the caudate and lentiform nuclei c) between the thalamus and putamen d) between the thalamus and lentiform nucleus e) between the thalamus and globus pallidus 322 CS Striated body: a) contains bidirectional connections with amygdala b) is derivative of the diencephalon c) includes amygdaloid and accumbens nuclei d) includes the caudat and lentiform nuclei e) a + d 323 CS The lateral cerebral ventricle communicates with: a) subarachnoid space b) subdural space c) IIIrd ventricle d) IVth ventricle e) Silvian aqueduct 324\ CS The lateral cerebral ventricle communicates with the third one through the: a) cerebral aqueduct b) interventricular orifices c) median aperture d) lateral apertures e) central canal 325 CM White matter of the cerebral hemisphere forms: a) cerebral cortex b) pyramidal commissure c) callosal body d) anterior commissure e) external capsule 326 CM White matter of the cerebral hemisphere contains the following types of fibers: a) of association b) cerebellar c) commissural d) reticular e) projectional 327 CM White matter of the cerebral hemispheres consists of: a) semioval center b) commissural nerve fibers c) vegetative nerve fibers d) dendritesof the neurons of the spinal ganglia e) projectional nerve fibers 328 CM Which of the following structures does not contain commissural fibers ? a) tapetum b) interthalamic adherence c) thalamus d) minor forceps e) optic radiation 329 CM Gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres is organized under aspect of: a) vegetative ganglia b) basal nuclei c) subcortical nuclei d) cerebellar nuclei e) cortex cerebral 330 CM Callosal body: a) b) c) d) e) has body located under the anterior cerebral artery. forms the roof of the IIIrd cerebral ventricle. is located under the fornix. is located above the greater cerebral vein. is separated from the fornix by the terminal lamina. 331 CM Fornix of the brain consists of the following structures: a) vault b) body c) anterior arm d) anterior columns e) peduncles (posterior pillars) 332 CM Commissural nerve fibers of the cerebral hemispheres are located in: a) internal capsule b) callosal body c) lateral column d) external capsule e) white commissure 333 CM Transverse fibers of the cerebral white matter form: a) semioval center b) callosal body c) internal capsule d) anterior commissure e) commissure of the fornix 334 CM Parts of the callosal body: a) rostrum b) anterior crus (limb or arm) c) body d) lateral branches e) terminal lamina 335 CM Callosal body consists of: a) nerve fibers of association b) commissural fibers c) basal nuclei d) white matter covered by the indusium griseum e) projectional fibers 336 CM Which of the following structures do not contain projectional fibers? a) b) c) d) e) fornix. crus cerebri. internal capsule. stria terminalis. corona radiata. 337 CM Basal nuclei of the cerebral hemispheres are: a) nucleus ambiguus b) amygdaloid body c) pulvinar of thalamus d) caudate nucleus e) lentiform nucleus 338 CM Lentiform nucleus: a) has a lateral part (globus pallidus) and medial darker part (putamen). b) is separated from the caudate nucleus completly. c) is a part of the extrapyramidal system. d) sends fibers to the substantia nigra and red nucleus e) is located laterally to the internal capsule. 339 CM Striated body consists of: a) thalamus opticus b) nucleus caudatus c) globus pallidus d) claustrum e) putamen 340 CM Striated body consists of: a) lentiform nucleus b) medullary striae c) caudate nucleus d) striated muscles e) olfactory striae 341 CM Striated body: a) b) c) d) e) 342 contains the claustrum and lentiform nucleus. is located laterally and medially to the anterior crus of the internal capsule. receives dopaminergic fibers from substantia nigra. has sensory functions. consists of striated (neostriated) and palid (paleostriated) parts. CM Gray matter of the striated body is: a) claustrum b) amygdaloid nucleus c) semioval center d) caudate nucleus e) lentiform nucleus 343 CM Parts of the nucleus caudatus: a) base b) body c) apex d) tail e) head 344 CM Lentiform nucleus consists of: a) external capsule b) putamen c) amygdaloid body d) medial globus pallidus e) lateral globus pallidus 345 CM Internal capsule contains the following nerve fibers: a) corticospinal tract b) corticonuclear tract c) acoustic radiation d) optic radiation e) rubrospinal tract 346 CM Internal capsule: a) the knee is distinguished in its components b) its anterior part contains the corticopontine fibers c) its anterior part contains the corticospinal fibers d) contains the optic radiation in its posterior part e) its anterior part is located between caudate nucleus and thalamus 347 CM Fibers passing through the internal capsule: a) corticothalamic b) corticospinal c) frontopontine d) corticonuclear e) commissural 348 CM Internal capsule consists of the following fibers: a) associative b) projectional c) of descending pathways d) commissural e) of ascending pathways 349 CM Internal capsule has the following parts: a) knee b) elbow c) anterior limb d) body e) posterior limb 350 CM Divisions of the lateral cerebral ventricle: a) body b) anterior horn c) inferior horn d) superior horn e) central horn 351 CM Contents of the lateral cerebral ventricles: a) tissulat fluid b) cerebrospinal (or cephalorachidian) fluid c) choroid plexus d) nervous plexuses e) miraculous vascular nets 352 CM Structures forming the walls of the anterior horn of the lateral cerebral ventricle a) thalamus b) head of the caudate nucleus c) lentiform nucleus d) septum pellucidum e) median septum 353 CM Walls of the inferior horn of the lateral cerebral ventricle consist of: a) white matter of the callosal body b) head of the caudate nucleus c) hippocampus d) parahippocampal gyrus e) collateral eminence 354 CM Walls of the posterior horn of the lateral cerebral ventricle are formed by: a) fibers of the callosal body b) fibers of theexternal capsule c) calcarine spur (calcar avis) d) pes anserinus e) crista galli 355 CM Lateral cerebral ventricle: a) contains fine choroid plexus b) has a central part (body), the roof of which is formed by the callosal body c) the amygdaloid body is placed on the floor of its inferior horn d) has the posterior horn which extends into the occipital lobe e) is located under the head of the caudate nucleus 356 357 CM Which of the following structures does not contain the choroid plexus? a) anterior horn of the lateral ventricle b) central part of the lateral ventricle c) inferior horn of the lateral ventricle d) lateral aperture of the IVth ventricle e) all above mentioned structures contain the choroid plexus Cerebral meninges. Blood vessels of the the brain.Cerebrospinal fluid. CS Cerebrospinal fluid is located: a) under the pia mater b) outside the dura mater c) between the pia mater and dura mater d) between the arachnoid and dura mater e) between pia mater and arachnoid 358 CS Statements on the arachnoid: a) is located outside the pachymeninx b) bounds the epidural space c) takes part in formation of the vascular plexuses d) forms the arachnoid granulations e) all statements are wrong 359 CS Choroid fissure: 360 a) is located near the lateral margin of the fornix. b) extends into the posterior (occipital) horn of the lateral ventricle. c) extends into the roof of the IIIrd ventricle. d) is not extended into the temporal lobe. e) all statements are wrong CS All statements on the choroid fissure are correct, except: a) b) c) d) e) its superior part continues with the transverse fissure. passes along the medial wall of the lateral ventricle. is a line along the invagination of the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle. is a median structure which can be seen on the mediosagittal section only. its superior margin is formed by the fornix. 361 CS Which of the following arteries are not part of the arterial circle of the brain? 362 a) internal carotid. b) anterior cerebral. c) posterior communicating. d) anteriorchoroid e) anterior communicating CS Nevraxis is surrounded by the following structures, EXCEPT: a) pia mater b) arachnoid c) dura mater d) neurolemma (Schwann's sheath) e) cerebrospinal fluid 363 364 CM Correct statements on the cerebral pachymeninx: a) tenaciously adheres to the inner surface of the skull bones over the entire surface b) closely adheres only to the base of the skull c) in newborn is well welded in the region of the skull sutures d) in adults is easily removable in the region of calvarea e) epidural space exists between the pachymeninx and cranial bones CM Tentorium cerebelli: a) derives from the cerebral pachymeninx. b) contains inferior sagittal sinus that passes through it sfree margin. c) contains the sigmoid sinus that passes trough its margin attached to the bone. d) is attached to the posterior part of the falx cerebri. e) is attached to the posterior clinoid process 365 CM Falx cerebri: a) is a double fold of the cerebral dura mater. b) sigmoid sinus passes on its inferior margin. c) is attached to the tentorium cerebelli. d) is attached to the crista galli of the frontal bone. e) straight sinus passes at one its edge. 366 CM Statements on the pachymeningeal sinuses a) usually they have triunghiular shape on the transverse section b) their walls collaps c) their walls containthe smooth muscular fibers d) their lumen may have septa and trabeculae which regulate the direction of blood flow e) communicate with the lateral lacunae 367 CM Vascularization of the cerebral pia mater has the following specific features: a) enters the grooves and fissures of the brain b) it delimits perivascular and pericellular spaces (Virchow-Robin) in the nervous tissue c) participates in formation of the choroid plexus together with blood vessels d) delimits subdural space e) all above mentioned statements are right 368 CMSpinal pia mater: a) b) c) d) e) is separated from the spinal cord by a space. contains many blood vessels. is surrounded by the cerebrospinal fluid. extends in the region of the brain. forms denticulate ligament. 369 CM Statements on the cerebrospinal fluid: a) drains into the pachymeningeal sinuses b) fills cerebebral ventricles and subarachnoid space c) normally is produced in the amount of 500-550 ml daily d) circulation is caused by the hydrostatic pressure e) flows from thesubarachnoid space through the orifices of Magendie and Luschka into the IVth ventricle 370 CM Cerebrospinal fluid: a) is produced mainly in the lateral ventricle. b) flows into the subarachnoid space through the orifices of the roof the IVth ventricle. c) returns back into circulation mainly through the sigmoid sinus. d) contains protein in the same concentration as in blood plasma. e) flows from the IIIrd into the IVth ventricle through the interventricular orifice. 371 CS Which of the following pairs of the structures is not covered by ependyma? a) hipocampus, calcar avis. b) caudate nucleus, thalamus. c) hypothalamus, fornix. d) septum pellucidum, corpus callosum. e) lentiform and accumbens nuclei. 372 CM Middle cerebral artery: a) b) c) d) e) 373 is a branch of the basilar artery supplies the main part of the superolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere supplies the precentral gyrus completly passes in the lateral cerebral groove supplies the internal capsule Efferent pathways of the central nervous system CS Deutoneuron of the sensory pathway of the pain is located in the: a) anterior horn of the spinal cord b) lateral horn of the spinal cord c) anterior gray commissue d) posterior horn of the spinal cord e) posterior column of the spinal cord 374 CS The second neuron of conductive pathway of the sense of touch is located in: a) anterior horn of the spinal cord b) anterior white column of the spinal cord c) posterior white column of the spinal cord d) medullla oblongata (myelencephalon) e) posterior horn of the spinal cord 375 CS The third neuron of the exteroceptive sensibility is located in: a) spinal cord b) medulla oblongata (myelencephalon) c) cerebellum d) basal nuclei e) thalamus 376 CS Protoneuron of the spinothalamic pathways is placed in the: a) anterior horn of the spinal cord b) spinal ganglion c) posterior horn of the spinal cord d) lateral horn of the spinal cord e) medulla oblongata (myelencephalon) 377 CM Cerebellum gets information from the receptors located in the: a) b) c) d) e) circulatory system osteoarticular system respiratory system muscular system abdominal viscera 378 CM Cerebellum gets impulses from the following receptors: a) tendinous organs of Golgi b) neuro-muscular fissures c) otolitic maculae d) free nerve endings e) Vater-Pacini corpuscles 379 CS Protoneuron of the exteroreceptive sensitivity is located in the: a) spinal cord b) cutaneous receptors c) spinal ganglion d) myelencephalon e) pons 380 CS Deutoneuron of the proprioceptive unconscious pathway is located in the: a) anterior horn of the spinal cord b) posterior white column of the spinal cord c) medulla oblongata (myelencephalon) d) lateral horn of the spinal cord e) posterior horn of the spinal cord 381 CS Corticospinal pathway conducts: a) the tactile, thermal and painfulsensitivity b) unconscious proprioceptive sensibility c) involuntary motility d) voluntary motility e) epicritic sensibility 382 CM Pyramidal pathway includes the following bundles (fascicles): a) direct pyramidal b) corticobulbar c) crossing pyramidal d) reticulospinal e) corticonuclear 383 a) b) c) d) e) f) 384 CM Structures related to the proprioceptive pathway to the cerebral cortex: a) b) c) d) e) CM Extrapyramidal pathway includes the following bundles (fascicles): olivospinal vestibulospinal rubro-nigro-spinal corticobulbar reticulospinal spinal ganglia lamellar corpuscles of Pacini parietal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere knee of the internal capsule medial lemniscus