Download 7TH GRADE LIFE SCIENCE LIVING ORGANISMS UNIT TEST

7TH GRADE LIFE SCIENCE
LIVING ORGANISMS UNIT TEST
STUDY GUIDE
The Characteristics of Living Things
1. What are the six characteristics of living things?
 Cellular organization
 chemicals of life energy use
 response to surroundings
 growth and development
 reproduction
2. What is metabolism?
How organisms get energy from taking in and breaking down materials to provide the cells with energy.
3. What chemicals make up living organisms?
water, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
4. What is response and stimulus?
 Stimulus - A change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism to react
 Response – an organism reacts to a stimulus with an action or change in behavior
5. What is the difference between growth and development?
 Growth – the process of becoming larger
 Development – the process of change that occurs during an organism’s life to produce a more
complex organism
6. What is unicellular and multicellular?
 Unicellular – single-celled organisms like bacteria
 Multicellular – organisms composed of many cells
Classifying Life
7. How do biologists classify life?
Using a classification system that has eight levels
8. Who was Linnaeus? Why was he important?
He came up with a way to classify organisms using binomial nomenclature (two-part scientific name).
Scientists still use his method today
9. What is taxonomy?
The scientific study of how living things are classified and how organisms are named.
10. How are organisms classified?
Classification organizes living things into groups based on similarities so that the organisms are
easier to study.
11. What are the levels of classification?
 Domain
 Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species
(Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti)
12. What two classification levels make up the scientific names for living organisms? What is the proper format for
writing a scientific name?
Genus and species
First word is the genus and capitalized, second word species and not capitalized. Written in italics
13. What happens to the number of shared characteristics the closer you get to the species level?
The number of shared characteristics on the species level increases.
14. What is the broadest level of classification?
Domain
15. Why are dichotomous keys (taxonomic keys) useful? Be able to use a dichotomous key.
They help determine the identity of organisms
Domains and Kingdoms
16. What are the three domains of living organisms? Describe each domain.
 Domain Bacteria – prokaryotic (no nucleus, simple), unicellular, strep, staph, e.coli
 Domain Archaea – prokaryotic (no nucleus, simple), unicellular, ancient organisms,
methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles
 Domain Eukarya – eukaryotic, most are multicellular, ameba, mushrooms, mosses, ferns,
flowering plants, worms, mollusks, fish, reptiles, birds, mammals
17. What kingdoms make up Domain Eukarya? Domain Bacteria? Domain Archaea?
 Domain Bacteria – Kingdom Eubacteria
 Domain Archaea – Kingdom Archae-bacteria
 Domain Eukarya – Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Animalia
18. How are organisms classified into domains and kingdoms?
Domain is the highest level of organization. Within a domain there are 7 kingdoms. Within kingdoms
there are phyla, within phyla there are classes. Within classes are orders. Within orders are families.
Each family contains one or more genera. Finally, each genus contains one or more species.
19. What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
 Autotrophs – organisms that make their own food
 Heterotrophs – organisms that cannot make their own food
20. What are some examples of eubacteria, archaebacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals?
 Eubacteria – strep, staph, E.coli
 Archae-bacteria – methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles
 Protists – ameba
 Fungi – mushrooms, yeast, molds, mildews, rusts
 Plants – mosses, ferns, liverworts, cone-bearing plants, flowering plants
 Animals – sponges, worms, mollusks, arthropods, fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals
21. What kingdoms are made of heterotrophs only? Autotrophs only?
 Heterotrophs Only - Fungi and Animalia
 Autotrophs Only – Plantae
22. What kingdoms are multicellular eukaryotes only?
Kingdom Plantae and Kingdom Animalia
Plant Structures
23. What are the functions of the roots, stems, and leaves?
Roots- Anchor a plant in the ground, absorb water and minerals from the soil,
and sometimes store
food.
Stems- Carries substances between the plant’s roots and leaves. Provides support for the plant and holds
up the leaves so they are exposed to the sun. Some stems store food.
Leaves- They capture the sun’s energy (chloroplast), carry out photosynthesis, contain stomata which are
small pores that control the movement of gases in and out of the cell
24. What is transpiration? Where does transpiration occur?
The process by which water evaporates through the stomata of a plant’s leaves.
25. What are the stomata? What three gases enter and leave a plant through stomata?
They are openings on leaves that open to let in carbon dioxide and allow water vapor and oxygen to leave.
They close to conserve water.
26. What are the parts and function of each flower part?
27. Which flower parts is the female reproductive structure?
Pistil: stigma, style, ovary
28. Which flower parts is the male reproductive structure?
Stamen: anther, filament
Plant Reproduction
29. What are the stages of a plant’s life cycle? See answer to #30
30. What happens during the sporophyte stage? Gametophyte stage?
31. How do plants reproduce?
32. How do non vascular plants and seedless vascular plants reproduce?
33. What are the reproductive parts of a gymnosperm? Angiosperm?
 Most gymnosperm have cones: male cones and female cones
 Angiosperms have flowers
34. How are angiosperms and gymnosperms alike and different?
 Alike- Kingdom Plantae, both have seeds, have pollen, sperm fertilize the egg
 Different – Gymnosperms produce cones, seeds are found on scales or cones, asexual, leaves are scalelike or needle-like, pollination by wind; Angiosperms produce flowers seeds are enclosed inside an ovary
usually a fruit, sexual, leaves flat, pollination by wind but mostly insects or animals
35. How does pollination occur in an angiosperm and a gymnosperm?
 Gymnosperm – wind carries pollen from a male cone to a female cone; some pollen grains become
trapped in a sticky substance made by the ovule
 Angiosperm – a flower is pollinated when a grain of pollen falls on the stigma; some are pollinated by
wind but most rely on organsims
36. How does fertilization occur in an angiosperm and a gymnosperm?
 Gymnosperm – the ovule closes and seals in the pollen; a pollen grain makes a tube that grows into the
ovule; a sperm cell moves through the tube and fertilizes the egg cell
 Angiosperm – the pollen grain produces a pollen tube that grows into the ovule; a sperm cell moves
through the pollen tube and fertilizes the egg cell
37. How are seeds dispersed in a gymnosperm and an angiosperm?
 Gymnosperm-when seeds are mature, the scales open; the wind shakes the seeds out of the cone and
carries them away; only a few seeds will land in suitable places and grow into new plants
 Angiosperm – fruits are the means by which angiosperm seeds are dispersed; animals that eat the fruit
help to disperse their seeds by depositing them in new areas
Animal Reproduction and Fertilization
38. Know the different phyla and their shared characteristics.
See notes on pgs. 96 and 97
39. How do animals reproduce?
Either asexual or sexual reproduction
40. What is regeneration? What is budding?
In regeneration, a form of asexual reproduction, if a piece of a parent is detached, it can grow and develop
into a completely new individual.
In budding, a form of asexual reproduction, an offspring grows out of the body of the parent.
41. What are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction? Sexual reproduction?
Asexual:
Advantage – one parent can quickly produce many identical offspring
Disadvantage – the offspring have the same DNA as the parent and may not survive change in the
environment
Sexual:
Advantage – the offspring may have characteristics that help them survive changes in the environment
Disadvantage – parents must find a mate, and the development of offspring takes a longer time
42. What is the reproductive cycle of a sponge? Cnidarian?
43. What is the difference between external and internal fertilization?
44. Why does external fertilization occur in water?
To prevent the eggs and sperm from drying out
45. What is the gestation period?
In mammals, the fertilized egg develops inside the female. The length of time between fertilization and
birth is the gestation period.
Growth and Development
46. Where do embryos develop?
Inside or outside of the parent’s body
47. What kinds of animals lay fertilized eggs outside their bodies?
Most animals without backbones (including worms and insects) lay eggs. Many fish, reptiles, and birds
lay eggs too.
48. What is a monotreme?
A few mammals lay eggs too. Egg-laying mammals are called monotremes. (duck-billed platypus and
anteaters)
49. What is an amniotic egg? What kinds of animals lay amniotic eggs?
The eggs of land vertebrates are called amniotic eggs. Amniotic eggs have a shell which allows the
offspring to grow and develop without drying out.
50. Why do some animals retain their fertilized eggs?
The parent’s body provides extra protection for the eggs
51. What is a placenta?
The mother provides the embryo with everything it needs during development through an organ called the
placenta. Blood carrying food and oxygen from the mother flows to the placenta and then to the embryo.
Blood carrying wastes and carbon dioxide from the embryo flow to the placenta and then to the mother.
52. What kinds of animals have a placenta?
Most mammals
53. How do young animals develop?
Young animals undergo changes in their bodies between birth and maturity, when they are able to
reproduce.
54. What is the life cycle of a crustacean?
55. How are incomplete metamorphosis and complete metamorphosis alike? How are they different?
56. What insects go through a complete metamorphosis? What insects go through an incomplete metamorphosis?
Complete – butterflies, bees, flies, beetles
Incomplete- grasshoppers, dragonflies, cockroaches
57. What is the life cycle of a frog? What happens during its metamorphosis?
58. How do animals care for their young?
Most amphibians and reptiles do not provide parental care, while birds a mammals typically care for their
offspring.