Download Parts of a Sentence - Mr. Aussprung`s English Class

English 7 Pre-Comp Review Packet 2016-2017
(50 pts “Class Activities” / GP4 score)
8 Parts of Speech
1. NOUN
Definition of Noun:
Give a
definition
and 5
examples
of each
type of
noun.
Singular:
Plural:
Common:
Proper:
Abstract:
Concrete:
►Make the following words pluralized.
shelf
volcano
tomato
congresswoman
moose
cloth
bison
trio
rodeo
knife
2. PRONOUN
Definition of Pronoun:
Give a
definition
and 5
examples
of each
type of
pronoun.
roof
Reflexive/Intensive:
Interrogative:
Demonstrative:
Relative:
Indefinite:
Definition of an antecedent:
1
Portuguese
►Identify the antecedents in the following sentences.
A. What are you reading, Mr. Aussprung?
B. The friends eat all the popcorn, but they brought licorice to share.
C. Ms. Schultz got a brand, new puppy for Christmas; it is adorable but not pottytrained.
D. My teacher, who likes to do the crossword puzzle, is really good at Scrabble.
E. The cats meowed their request for more tuna fish.
F. Derek Jeter sprained his ankle running to second base.
G. The hobbit and the wizard were thankful they escaped from the goblins.
Definition of a Personal Pronoun:
►Fill in the chart fully.
Personal Pronouns
Singular
First Person (subjective)
(objective)
Second Person (subjective)
(objective)
Third Person (subjective)
(objective)
3. ADJECTIVE
Definition of Adjective:
►List 25 adjectives:
2
Plural
►Explain what an article is and list the 3 articles.
Definition of Positive adjective:
Definition of Comparative adjective:
Definition of Superlative adjective:
►Fill in the chart about degrees of adjectives.
Positive
Comparative
Superlative
warm
happiest
more resistant
smaller
few
important
worst
good
better
equal
4. VERB
Two General Definitions of a Verb:
a.
b.
1. Main/Action Verb
Definition:
List 10 examples:
3
►Fill in the following sentences with appropriate action verbs:
A. The alarm clock _______________________ like an angry bumblebee.
B. The coffee maker ________________________ in the kitchen.
C. In the library and at church, Carl ______________ inappropriately.
D. Because of the spicy chili pepper, Samantha __________________ for the glass of
ice water.
E. During English class, the student _______________________ at the desk.
F. The warriors ___________________ the mighty dragons during the night.
G. The insects ____________________ because of the cold temperatures of the Loire
river valley.
H. The soldiers ___________________ for freedom and safety.
▲Go back to the sentences above and circle all the adjectives and underline all the nouns
(and mark if the nouns are common, proper, abstract, or concrete).
Definition of Transitive Verb:
Write 3 sentences that use transitive verbs:
1.
2.
3.
Definition of Intransitive Verb:
Write 3 sentences that use intransitive verbs:
1.
2.
3.
2. Linking Verbs
Definition:
What are other names for linking verbs?
4
►List ALL of the linking verbs:
3. Auxiliary/Helping Verbs:
Definition:
A. List the auxiliary verbs that could also be linking verbs:
B. List the auxiliary verbs that are modal auxiliaries:
Definition of Modal Auxiliary:
C. List the rest of the auxiliary verbs:
Definition of a Verb Phrase:
►VERBALS
**Which ( are / are not ) actually considered to be verbs.
Give the
definition of each
verbal and write a
sentence correctly
using one.
Contents of a Verbal
Phrase:
Infinitives:
1.
Gerunds:
2.
3.
Participles:
►Identity the type of verbal or verbal phrase in each sentence.
A. Drooling over the ice cream, the child left saliva over the glass casing.
B. Your phone number is difficult to remember for me.
C. Photographing is a favorite hobby of mine.
5
D. Food is an important part of a balanced diet.
E. I started by singing the most successful songs.
F. He set the camera to film whatever was eating the chickens.
5. ADVERB
Definition of Adverb:
**Are adverbs ever a part of a verb phrase? YES / NO
►Identify the adverb in the following sentences:
A. During the Industrial Revolution, children sometimes worked long hours in factories.
B. The conditions for workers were unsafe there.
C. Many reformers determinedly informed the public of the terrible conditions of factories.
D. The conditions for the young workers could be quite appalling.
E. The reformers undoubtedly have a positive effect.
F. Laws did not allow child labor any longer.
6. PREPOSITION
Definition of Preposition:
4 Categories:
Give the type,
definition,
and examples
of each
category of
preposition.
1.
________________
2.
_________________
3. _________________
4. _________________
6
►Use 15 different prepositions in 15 different and unique sentences.
Components of Prepositional Phrase:
►Fill in the flow chart of a Prep. Phrase:
+
+
+
►Choose the correct preposition to complete each sentence:
A. There were many differences ( among between ) the three candidates.
B. The candidates are angry ( at with ) the decision to raise taxes.
C. The voting booths are going to be set up ( beside besides ) the double doors.
D. The candidates differ ( with on ) many issues, like social security.
E. ( Among Between ) you and me, I do not know that he is good leader.
7. CONJUNCTION
Definition:
3 Types:
1. ______________________
►List the FANBOYS:
2. ______________________
7
►List some examples:
3. _______________________
►Identify the conjunctions and explain which type it is:
A. The east and west windows were open during the rainstorm.
B. Neither the oatmeal nor the eggs look appetizing.
C. Before Sally goes outdoors, she puts on a large-brimmed hat.
D. Both Batman and Robin have to hide their identities.
E. The audience loved the 7 books and the 8 movies of the famous series.
F. If the fish begin to bite, my uncle casts off all his fishing lines.
8. INTERJECTION
Definition:
►List some interjections!
Literary Terms
Metaphor:
Define each literary term
and give an example that
correctly demonstrates it.
Simile:
Imagery:
Alliteration:
8
Assonance*:
Consonance*:
Foreshadowing:
Hyperbole*:
Vignette:
Connotation:
Denotation:
Personification:
Anthropomorphism:
Pathetic Fallacy:
9
►Label the Plot Diagram fully and explain the important elements.
1.
2.
1.
2.
5 Types of Conflict:
Give the type
of conflict and
give a fictional
example.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Protagonist:
Antagonist:
Major Character:
Minor Character:
Foil*:
(Example: Snowball and Napoleon)
10
Write the definition and give
an example for each part of
the sentence.
Parts of a Sentence
Explain how
subject and
predicates can
be simple,
complete, and
compound.
Subject:
Predicate:
Subject Complement:
►What are its other names?
Object:
4 Types of Objects:
1. _____________________
2. _____________________
3. _____________________
4. _____________________
Verb Complement:
Phrase:
Clause:
11
►Explain the Differences among Clauses:
A. Independent:
B. Dependent:
C. Main clause:
D. Noun clause:
E. Subordinate clause:
Appositives:
Definition of Appositive:
Restrictive (Essential):
Non-Restrictive (Non-Essential):
►Write a sentence for each sentence pattern:
1. Declarative:
2. Interrogative:
3. Imperative:
4. Exclamatory:
Commas:
3 Types:
1. _____________________
2. _____________________
3. _____________________
►How else to properly use commas?
12
**3 Uses of Apostrophes:
1. ______________
2. _______________
3. _______________
**8 Uses for Capitalization
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Give the definition
of each
“grammatical no-no”
and give a humorous
example of each.
Grammatical No-nos
1. Sentence fragment:
2. Run-on sentence:
13
3. Polysyndetic sentence:
4. Asyndetic sentence:
Random Practice!
►Identify the coordinating conjunction and explain whether it joins words, phrases or
clauses:
A. The east and west windows were open during the rain.
B. The framed pictures on the dresser got wet, but Marge was able to dry them off with a
large towel.
C. Water collected on the floor and on the dresser.
D. Now Keith always closes the windows when it rains, so he’s sure it the flooding
won’t happen again.
►Rewrite these sentences using capital letters as needed:
A. the students were late to school and ms. frizzle’s english class.
B. juan studied meteorology, the science of weather, at florida state university.
C. the residents received help from the red cross and other organizations.
D. l. frank baum’s book the wizard of oz mentions a tornado.
E. j.r.r. tolkien’s book the lord of the rings is a sequel to the hobbit.
F. my sister lara wants to work for the national ocean and atmospheric administration
when she graduates from the university of arizona in june.
►What makes a good thesis statement?
►How do you write a great P.I.E. paragraph?
►How is the theme of power or control present in either Animal Farm or A Midsummer
Night’s Dream? What do characters do for power; how do they change?
14
SENTENCE PRACTICE
Write whether each sentence is simple, compound, or complex.
1. We have to go to bed when the clock chimes ten o’clock.
__________________
2. I have read the Hunger Games books, but I have not seen all of the movies.
______________________
3. After midnight, the ghosts will come out of the haunted house.
__________________
4. Leon opened the brightly colored box, and there was a saxophone inside.
______________________
5. Jupiter is the fifth planet in the solar system.
______________________
6. James and Eve rode their bicycles after they ate lunch with their friends.
______________________
7. The student will be studiously studying literature at Yale.
______________________
8. The teacher and the principal met in the hall near the school’s big library.
______________________
►Go back to the sentences in the last section:
•Underline the complete subject(s)
•Double-underline the complete predicate(s)
•Circle in red the verb or verb phrase
•Circle in blue any subject complements
•Circle in some-other-color any direct objects
•Put a BOX around any other objects and identify them [indirect object (IO), object
complement (OC), or object of preposition (OP)]
•Cross out any adverbs
•Highlight the subordinating conjunctions
15
◦Imagery (Concrete language)
-Explicit vs. Implicit
◦Personification
◦Anthropomorphism
◦Pathetic Fallacy
◦Alliteration
◦Vignette
◦Style (list of words)
◦Rhyme schemes
◦Symbol
-Connotation
-Denotation
◦Irony
-Dramatic
-Situational*
-Verbal (sarcasm)*
◦Hyperbole*
◦Repetition
◦Tone
◦Mood
◦Foreshadowing
▪Genre*
▪Theme*
INDEX of TERMS
GP1, GP2, and GP3
for English 7
Literary Terms
▪Narrator (Speaker)
◦Author
▪Protagonist
▪Antagonist
▪Minor Character*
▪Foil*
▪Setting
▪Plot and Narrative
◦Exposition
◦Conflict
-5 Types: Person, Self,
Nature, Society & Fate
-Internal vs. External
◦Inciting Moment (Complication)
◦Rising Action
◦Climax (Turning Point)
◦Falling Action
◦Resolution (Denouement)
◦Subplots
▪Characterization
◦Direct
◦Indirect
-5 Ways: Narration,
Description, Actions,
Dialogue & Thoughts
◦4 Character Types
-Static, Dynamic, Flat, Round
▪Point-of-View
◦First Person
-Reliable vs. Unreliable
◦Second Person (“you”)
◦Third Person Limited
◦Third Person Omniscient
◦Third Person Objective (Dramatic)
◦Third Person Familiar
▪Figurative Language and Poetic Devices
◦Metaphor
◦Simile
Grammar
▪Parts of Speech
◦Noun
-Pluralization (7 ways)
-Proper and Common
-Concrete and Abstract
◦Pronoun (Types)
-Antecedent
-Personal (Subjective vs.
Objective)
-Reflexive & Intensive
-Interrogative
-Demonstrative
-Relative
-Indefinite
◦Adjective
-Articles
-3 Degrees
◦Verb
-Verb phrases
16
-3 Types of Verbs:
Main/Action, Linking,
Auxiliary/Helping
•Modal Auxiliaries
-Transitive/Intransitive
◦Verbals and Verbal Phrases
-Infinitives
•Split Infinitives
•Hidden Infinitives
-Gerunds
-Participles
-Function as part of
sentence (e.g. subject)
-Function as part of speech
(e.g. noun)
◦Adverb (“not” is an adverb)
◦Preposition
-4 Categories
•Position, Time,
Compare (Similes) &
Connections
-Prep. Phrases
•Contents
•Adverbial
•Adjective
-Multi-word prepositions
◦Conjunction
-Coordinating (FANBOYS)
-Correlative
-Subordinating
•Clauses
•2 Jobs: Transitions &
Reduce Importance
◦Interjection
▪Part of a Sentence
◦Subject
-Complete, Simple,
Compound
◦Subject Complement =
Linking Verb Complement (LVC)
-Predicate nominative
-Predicate adjective
◦Subject-Verb agreement
◦Verb Phrases
◦Predicate
-Complete, Simple,
Compound
◦Objects
-Direct
-Indirect
-Objects of (prep.) phrases
-Object Complement
◦Verb Complement
◦Appositives
-Restrictive (Essential)
-Nonrestrictive
(Nonessential)
▪Sentence Types
◦4 Patterns:
-Declarative
-Interrogative
-Exclamatory
-Imperative (“you” subject)
◦4 Structures:
-Simple
-Compound
-Complex
-Compound-complex
◦Phrases
-Noun phrases
-Verb phrases
-Prepositional phrases
◦Clauses
-Independent vs. Dependent
-Main clauses
-Noun clauses (Nominal)
-Subordinate clauses
◦Parallel Structure (Parallelism)
◦No-nos:
-Run-ons
-Sentence Fragments
-Comma Splices
-Polysyndetic sentences
-Asyndetic sentences
Punctuation
▪Commas
◦3 Types
-Listing
-Joining
-Separating
17
◦Oxford Comma
◦Other Uses
-Dates
-Addresses
-Off set other elements (like
clauses or appositives)
▪Quotation Marks
▪Apostrophes
◦Possession
◦Contractions
▪Semicolons*
▪Colons*
▪Capitalization
◦Beginning of sentence
◦Proper nouns
▪Periods
▪Question Marks
▪Exclamation Marks
▪Contractions
▪Ellipses*
▪Dashes*
▪Parentheses
◦Characterization
◦“The Most Dangerous Game”
◦“A Sound of Thunder”
◦“Man Who Wouldn’t Shake Hands”
◦“Old Man with Enormous Wing”
◦“Two Kinds”
▪Animal Farm
◦Allegory
-Communism
-Russian History
◦“A Hanging”
◦“Shooting an Elephant”
▪A Midsummer Night’s Dream
◦Shakespearean history of drama
◦Rhyming couplets
-iambic pentameter*
◦Play terminology
-soliloquy
-monologue
-aside
-stage directions
Other
▪Thesis
▪Topic Statement
▪Mini-Essay
▪P.I.E. paragraph format
◦Point
◦Information
◦Explanation
▪5-paragraph essay*
▪Transitions
▪Proof-reading/peer-editing
▪Synonyms & Antonyms*
▪Homonyms & Homophones*
▪Morphemes*
◦Affixes, Prefixes and Suffixes
▪Micro-Fiction
◦“Story of an Hour”
◦House on Mango Street
-Vignette
-Theme
-Identity
▪Short Stories
◦Plot Diagrams
18