Download CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

•
Chemistry is the basis of life as we know. Everything around you has chemistry
•
The summarized idea of chemistry is the properties and functions of the smallest
units of matter known as atoms.
•
Atoms are what make up EVERYTHING IN THIS WORLD!!! Even you!!!
•
Atoms can combine in numerous ways to create compounds that have different
properties than just the atoms simply combined.
•
The atom is a small unit consisting of three subatomic particles known as
protons, electrons, and neutrons.
•
These three particles are organized with in the atom in a certain way that results
in the specific atoms characteristics.
•
In an atom, there are positively charged particles called protons, negatively
charged particles called electrons, and neutral particles called neutrons.
•
The protons and neutrons are in the middle of the atom while the electrons circle
around this proton/neutron structure called the nucleus.
•
Every different atom on the periodic table has a differ number of these particles.
Atoms percent weight
graph
Protons
Electrons
•
The periodic table is what chemists use to show specific types of atoms
•
It is organized by the properties of the atoms, number of subatomic particles of
the atom, and size of the atom.
•
Going across the periodic table is going through its groups while going down it is
going across periods.
•
These atoms that are on the periodic table are called elements; every atom of an
element is the same, but atoms of different elements are different.
•
Numbers and symbols on the periodic table usually tell a number of properties of
an atom.
•
The one or two letter symbol tells us the name of the atom Ex: C= Carbon
•
The atomic number (the number on top of the element) is the number of protons
and electrons in the atom of that element since the elements usually have a
neutral overall charge Ex: Carbon’s is 6 so it has 6 protons and electrons.
•
The atomic weight (the number below the element symbol) is used by subtracting
the number of protons from it (the atomic number) and equaling the number of
neutrons Ex: Carbon’s is 12 so 12-- 6= 6 so carbon has six neutrons.
•
The periodic table is not only sorted by increasing numbers of particles but it is
also organized into types of metals and special groups
•
To the left of the table you will find the metals in groups 1-2A
•
In groups 3B – 2B is all transition metals
•
Below a diagonal line from group 3A’s boron to 6A’s Tellurium is where you will
find the metalloids.
•
Above that line is where the nonmetals are.
•
All groups except for the ones in the transition metals and metalloids all have
similar characteristics
•
1A is the alkali metals
•
2A is the alkali earth metals
•
6A is the calcogens
•
7A is the halogens
•
8A is the noble gases which are
the most stable elements on the
table meaning they do not like
to change
•
This is what the people in the field of chemistry deal with on a daily basis
•
The elements are to great importance to us because, everything is made up of
one or more of these elements
•
Learning these concepts in chemistry may even interest you into a certain career
field
•
Doctors, physicians, physical therapist, and etc. all have to know and work with
chemistry
•
Most of all YOU WILL BE DEALING WITH IT A LOT MORE IN LATER EDUCATION!