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CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Sociology
Section 1 Objectives
Write
these
down so
you know
what is
expecte
d of you!



Define sociology.
Describe two uses of the sociological
perspective.
Distinguish sociology from other social
sciences.
Define the following words:
Perspective
 Sociology
 Sociological Perspective
 Social Structure
 Sociological Imagination

T/F Sociologists will look at a man or a
woman.
False. Even though they make up the group and
the behavior, behaviors change due to group
mentality.
What is the #1 thing that sociologists look for?
Patterns
What did Emile Durkheim bring to
sociology?


Idea of social
perspective
Bronze principle
 Explain
this in a brief
statement.
In what ways to people conform & Why?


Eating habits, dress,
religious beliefs
Individuals value the
group ways
Group is more that the
sum of its parts
What are the benefits of social
imagination?


Not being trapped as
a prisoner of group
think (mob mentality)
Challenging
“controversial social
wisdom” – also known
as ASSUME
Section 1: The Sociological
Perspective
R
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Main Idea: Sociology studies human
social behavior. It assumes a group,
rather than an individual, perspective.
Sociologists look for the patterns in
social relationships. Individuals can
benefit by using their sociological
imaginations to look at events in their
personal lives.
Section 2 Objectives
Write
these
down so
you know
what is
expecte
d of you!


Outline the contributions of the major
pioneers of sociology.
Summarize the development of
sociology in the United States.
Who, Why & When did sociology start?


Who: Auguste Comte
& Harriet Martineau
Why: Social upheaval
from Industrial &
French Revolutions.
Created to bring back
a sense of community
and restore order
Give 3 Facts about Auguste Comte
Facts
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1. Father (Founder) of
Sociology
2. Created Positivism 
using scientific observation
in the study of social
behavior
3. Distinguished between
Social Statistics & Social
dynamics
* You should do that as well
The man, the myth, the legend!
Give 3 facts about H. Martineau
Her Picture – What a looker!
Fact  You should not have
to know her
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1. Translated Comte’s
book Positive Philosophy
2. Made original
contributions in research
methods & political
economic policy
3. Pioneer in feminist
theory in Society in
America
What was Herbert Spencer’s contribution
to sociology?

He forwarded the
idea of Social
Darwinism
 “Survival
of the fittest
society”
 Poor
should be poor
and rich should be rich
Magnificent Beard! This will be the new
look in the winter.
What 3 things did Karl Marx believe?
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No he was not homeless, just cold a
lot
Social scientists should
change the world
2 class system made
up of Bourgeoisie
(capitalists) and
Proletariat (rich)
Class conflict would
lead to a classless
society  welcome the
idea of Communism
Besides the “Bronze Theory” what 2 contributions
did Durkheim give to sociology?


Idea that preindustrial
society had
mechanical solidarity
and postindustrial had
organic solidarity.
(might want to define
those)
Use of statistics in
sociology in research
He kinda looks like Col. Sanders.
Anyone else thinking about chicken?
Why is M. Weber considered to have the “single
most important influence on the development of
sociology?”

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Created “Verstehen”
 understanding
social behaviors of
others by putting
yourself mentally in
their place
Identified Rationalism
as key for move from
pre to post
industrialism
What should we know about Jane Addams?
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Created Hull House 
shelter for helping less
fortunate
Won Nobel Prize in
1931 – only sociologist
to do so
Was discriminated
against because she was
female and not a
teacher. Considered
more of a social worker
than sociologist
Give 2 facts about W. E B. DuBois.


Yosemite Sam without his Hat.
Attacked “Negro
problem” 
assumption that blacks
were inferior
Analyzed social
structure of black
community
Section 2: The Origins of Sociology
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Main Idea: Sociology is a young science.
It started with the writings of European
scholars like Auguste Comte, Harriet
Martineau, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx,
Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber. Jane
Addams and W.E.B. Du Bois helped to
focus America’s attention on social
issues. After World War II, America
took the lead in developing the field of
sociology.
Section 3 Objectives
Write
these
down so
you know
what is
expecte
d of you!

Identify the three major theoretical
perspectives in sociology today.
What is theoretical perspective?

A set of assumptions accepted as
true.
What is wrong with this
statement.
List at least 5 things that would
fall into this category.
What is functionalism?
Approach to sociology that emphasizes the contributions
made by each part of society.
What 2 ideas does functionalism have
on social change?
It sees the parts of society as an
integrated whole
 Assumes that societies tend to
return to a state of stability after
some upheaval occurs.

List and describe the 3 functions.

Manifest
Function 
intended &
recognized
consequences
of an aspect
of society.
List and describe the 3 functions.

Latent Function
 Unintended
&
unrecognized
consequences
of an aspect
of society
List and describe the 3 functions.

Dysfunction
 negative
consequence
of an aspect
of society
Functionalism & Values?
Consensus of Values 
accounts for high degree of
cooperation found in any
society

What is the conflict theory perspective?

Sociological
approach
emphasizing the
role of conflict,
competition, and
constraint within
society.
What is the main view of the role of
conflict and constraint?

Who ever has
“power” of what ever
is considered valuable
in a society.
 Power
– the ability to
control the behavior of
others
What gender has benefited more from conflict? How?
Females  better jobs, education, more benefits, etc.
Who created symbolic
interactionism?
Cooley & Mead
How was it created?
Define
Symbol

Anything that
stands for
something else
and has an
agreed-upon
meaning attached
to it
Symbolic interactionism

Approach that
focuses on the
interactions
among people
based on mutually
understood
symbols
What are the 3 assumptions of
symbolic interactionism?
1. We learn the meaning of a symbol by
the way others react to it.
 2. Once we have learned the meaning of
symbols, we base our behavior on them.
 3. We use the meanings of symbols to
imagine how others will respond to our
behavior.

What is dramaturgy?

Approach that
depicts human
interaction as
theatrical
performances
Section 3: Theoretical Perspectives
R
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!

Main Idea: Sociology includes three
major theoretical perspectives.
Functionalism views society as an
integrated whole. Conflict theory looks
at class, race, and gender struggles.
Symbolic interactionism examines how
group members use shared symbols as
they interact.