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DRUGS
Marijuana
Health
Effects
of
Marijuana
Is marijuana a gate way drug?
DEPRESANTS
DEFINITION: to diminish or
reduce nervous or functional
activity synonyms: downer,
sedative
TYPES
• Alcohol
• Barbiturates
(sleepers, downers, tranquilizers)
• Benzodiazepines
(Valium, Ativan, Librium, Xanax)
WHAT THEY LOOK LIKE
Alcohol is a clear liquid,
but most typically
comes in the form of
beer, wine or liquor
(also cough syrup,
cooking vanilla,
mouthwash, etc.)
Benzodiazepines and
Barbiturates most
commonly come in pill
form
HOW TO INGEST
Mouth (drinking liquids, swallowing pills)
POSSIBLE WITHDRAW SYMPTOMS
Shakiness
Sweats
Nausea
Headache
Anxiety
Rapid heart beat
Craving
Hallucinations
Increased blood pressure
Seizures/Convulsions
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS
• Effects speech, vision, balance, memory & judgment.
• After one or two drinks, a person has lost some of their
coordination skills.
• Drinking a small amount of alcohol, may make you feel
relaxed, self confident, drowsy, or dizzy. Could also be
hostile, depressed & withdrawn.
• If too much alcohol is taken into the body at once, the
drug will cause the heart & lungs to stop working and
the person will die. AKA: Alcohol poisoning or
overdosing on alcohol.
• Alcohol lowers inhibitions and impairs judgment
leading to risky behaviors such as driving while
intoxicated or unprotected sex.
LONG TERM EFFECTS
A single glass of red wine each day has been shown to
help prevent heart disease in some adults. These
beneficial effects have not been found true for youth.
Some of the effects of heavy, long term alcohol abuse are:
liver disease, cancer, stomach ulcers, brain damage,
behavior change, nervous system damage, inflammation
of the pancreas, heart disease, high blood pressure,
stroke.
Heavy drinkers are more likely to contract diseases and
infections.
MOST SIGNIFCANT PROBLEMS
• Addiction
• Possibility of a potentially fatal overdose
• Causes or prolongs existing depressions and anxiety
symptoms
• Using while pregnant can cause severe, permanent
damage to the developing fetus.
Opiates
DEFINITION: substance having sedative or narcotic effects
containing opium or its derivatives
Opium: A bitter, yellowish-brown, strongly addictive narcotic
drug prepared from the dried juice of unripe pods of the
opium poppy
TYPES
• Heroin
(Horse, Junk, Smack, Snow, "H", Brown)
• Morphine
• Codeine
(OxyContin, Tylenol with Codeine)
• Methadone
HOW TO INGEST
• Nose- snorting in powered form
• Lungs- inhaling
• Mouth- swallowing pill
• IV- injection into a vein
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS OF WITHDRAW
Chills and hot flashes
Cramps
Tremors
Loss of appetite
Insomnia
Dilated pupils
Watery eyes
Runny nose
Yawning fits
Sweating
Panic attacks
Nausea
Muscle aches
Lethargy
Diarrhea
Bone aches
Symptoms can last from 10-14 days
SHORT TERM EFFECTS
• Slowed pulse, rate of breathing and lowered blood
pressure
• Intense "rush" obtained from intravenous injection
• Feeling of euphoria, relaxation, drowsiness &
mental confusion
• Higher doses/overdose can cause: sleep; very low
blood pressure, slowed heart rate and respiration;
low body temperature; muscle constriction; cold
clammy skin, coma and death.
• Physical & emotional responses to pain are
numbed
• Apathy and an inability to concentrate
• Nausea, vomiting, sweating, chills
LONG TERM EFFECTS
• Chronic constipation
• Impaired vision
• Mood swings and instability
• Tolerance develops, the user can no longer get the
pleasurable effects, but must continue taking the drug to
prevent withdrawal.
MOST SIGNIFICANT PROBLEMS
High possibility of a potentially
fatal overdose
Addictive with strong, painful
withdrawal symptoms
May possibly contribute to
depression or anxiety
STIMULANTS
DEFINITION - a drug that temporarily quickens some
vital process
TYPES
• Cocaine
(Crack, Blow, Snow, Toot, White, Rock, Flake)
• Amphetamine, Methamphetamine
(Ritalin) (Meth, Uppers, Bennies, Crank, Crystal)
• Caffeine (Coffee)
HOW TO INGEST
• Nose- snorting powered form
• Lungs- inhaling pipe smoke
• Mouth- swallowing pills, drinking coffee
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
• Depression
• Guilt feelings
• Body complaints
• Irritability
• Skin-picking
• Insomnia
• Anorexia (loss of appetite)
• Anhedonia (loss of pleasure)
• Cravings
SHORT TERM EFFECTS
– Low doses may cause alertness, increased energy, restlessness,
dizziness, euphoria, confusion, reduced appetite, increased
talkativeness, breathing and heart rate, elevated blood pressure
– Higher doses the effects are greater and may also include
feelings of impulsiveness, increased strength and mental
capacity, headache, blurred vision, fever, sweating, and irregular
heart beat, loss of coordination, irritability, panic attacks,
seizures, violent behavior, stroke, heart attack and coma
– Intoxication is followed by a 'crash' period, during which the user
feels exhausted and wants to sleep.
LONG TERM EFFECTS
–Malnutrition, fatigue, sleeplessness
–Severe anxiety, tension, high blood pressure
–Lowered resistance to disease
–Long term users may also exhibit bizarre or violent behavior
–Amphetamine Psychosis may develop in heavy users. This condition
includes symptoms such as hallucinations, paranoid delusions and
compulsive behavior. It usually (but not always) disappears when the
user stops taking the drug
Most Significant Problems
• Strong possibility of a fatal overdose
• Highly addictive
• Strong, painful and potentially lethal withdrawal
symptoms
• Can cause (and/or prolong existing)
depressions and anxiety symptoms
• Using while pregnant can cause severe,
permanent damage to the developing fetus.
Psychedelics
DEFINITON: generating hallucinations, distortions of perception, altered
states of awareness, and occasionally states resembling psychosis.
TYPES
• LSD (Acid)
• Psilocybin (Shrooms, Mushrooms)
• MDMA (Love Drug, "X", Ecstasy)
WHAT THEY LOOK LIKE:
• Hallucinogens like LSD and MDMA typically appear in the form of
prepared blotter paper, sugar cubes, pills etc.
• Psilocybin most typically arrives in the form of dried mushrooms
• Mescaline appears in the form of dried (peyote) cactus 'buttons', and
in synthesized form
HOW TO INGEST:
• Mouth (swallowing pills, plant matter, sugar cubes, etc.)
Short term effects (LSD):
• LSD rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream. Effects appear
within 30-45 min. & last for 10-12 hours.
• Each experience is greatly influenced by a user's expectations,
environment, etc.
Typical effects of LSD may include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Auditory/visual hallucinations
Perception of time may be distorted
Concentration & thinking processes diminished
Anxiety, exhilaration
Rapid and wide ranging mood swings
Muscle twitching and muscle weakness as well as impairment of
coordination
• Rapid breathing and an increase in blood pressure, body
temperature and heart rate
• Dizziness, nausea and vomiting
LONG TERM EFFECTS (LSD):
– An amotivational syndrome, similar to that seen in long
term marijuana users
– Flashbacks can occur years after a person stops using LSD
SHORT TERM EFFECTS (Ectasy):
• Sense of pleasure, empathy, & emotional insight.
• Increased blood pressure, pulse & body temperature
• Blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, chills & sweating
• Muscle stiffness, jaw clenching & teeth grinding
• High doses cause distortions in perception & hallucinations
• Some effects felt the next day are: headache, loss of balance,
fatigue, insomnia
• A person may feel confused, depressed or anxious for weeks
following a single dose.
LONG TERM EFFECTS (Ectasy):
– The longer a person uses, the worse the hangover
effects become.
– Some effects of long term use may include: weight
loss, flashbacks, paranoia and depression.
– There is evidence of liver and brain damage with long
term, frequent use.
Effects of Ecstacy
MOST SIGNIFICANT PROBLEMS:
•Overdose is a concern but is not typically fatal
•Flashbacks during withdrawal and afterwards
•May cause depression and anxiety.
•"Bad" trips can occur which are highly negative
and disturbing rather than peaceful
INHALANTS
DEFINITON: A medication, anesthetic, or other compound in vapor or
aerosol form
TYPES
• Aerosol sprays
Nitric
Gasoline
• Glues
Paint Thinner
WHAT THEY LOOK LIKE:
• These are the commercially available solvents used in painting
and gluing, and for fuel purposes. Ex. Model glue & paint thinner
HOW TO INGEST
• Nose & Lungs (inhaling solvent vapors, often called "Huffing")
Signs and Symptoms
• Detoxification takes 14 to 30 days.
• Chills
• Headaches
• Muscular cramps
• Abdominal pains
• Tremors
• (Possibly) Hallucinations.
SHORT TERM EFFECTS:
• Euphoria, dizziness, lightheadedness, or exhilaration.
• Higher doses, cause confusion, agitated and disorientated.
abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting or chest pain.
• One of the effects of solvents is invincibility, solvent abusers tend
to engage in reckless behavior which can result in injury or death
to themselves and others.
LONG TERM EFFECTS:
• Symptoms of long term solvent use are: sores on mouth and nose;
fatigue; weight loss; pale skin; numbness in hands and feet;
kidney, lung and liver damage
• Long term solvent use may cause brain damage. Some symptoms
found in long term users: difficulty learning, memory loss,
uncontrollable eye movements, hearing loss, inability to think
clearly
• Psychological effects of long term use may include depression,
irritability, paranoia, hostility,
MOST SIGNIFICANT PROBLEMS:
• High possibility of a potentially fatal
overdose
• Strong possibility of brain damage!
DESIGNER DRUGS
DEFINITION
Created to get around existing drug laws, usually by modifying the
molecular structures of existing drugs to varying degrees, or less
commonly by finding drugs with entirely different chemical structures
that produce similar subjective effects to illegal drugs
TYPES
• Crystal Meth (jib, crank, speed or meth)
• Ecstasy (X, E, XTC, Molly, and MDMA)
• Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB or G)
– – This drug causes relaxation and sleep. It makes people feel like everything is
okay. It is sometimes described as a cross between alcohol and ecstasy.
• Ketamine (K, ket, special K, vitamin K or cat valium)
– Ketamine is a general anesthetic used in veterinary medicine. It is a strong pain
reliever known to produce an ‘out-of-body’ experience.
HOW TO INGEST
• Inhaled, injected, or taken orally as a tablet.
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
• Drowsiness
• Irritability
• Agitation
• Loss of consciousness
• Slowed breathing
• Death
MOST SIGNIFICANT
PROBLEMS
Extremely addictive
Unintentional overdoses
are common
SHORT TERM EFFECTS
• Euphoria
• Changes in behavior
• Slurred speech
• Anxiety and depression
• Muscle cramps
• Dilated pupils
• Sleepiness and
• Hallucinations
LONG TERM EFFECTS
•Death
•Addiction
•Criminal charges & prison terms
•Heart and breathing failure
•Blood vessel damage and stroke
•Raised/lowered pulse or blood
pressure
•Aggressive or suicidal behavior
•Jaw clenching & teeth grinding
•Nausea and vomiting
•Muscle cramping or seizures
•Panic attacks & feeling paranoid
•Overheating and dehydration
•Blackouts
STERIODS
DEFINITION
Drugs taken to build muscle, enhance performance, and improve
appearance. While some steroids are used medically to treat many
conditions Using steroids for cosmetic or athletic purposes is not
sanctioned in the United States.
TYPES
Illegal and Prescription
HOW TO INGEST
• Swallowed in tablets or liquid or injected.
“Cycling”, means you take them over a period of time, stop, then start
taking them again instead of continuously using them. Users also
take different types of steroids in combination with other drugs. This
is known as “Stacking”.
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
• Rapid weight gain
• Rapid muscle
development
• Acne flare up
• Fluid retention
• Yellow tint in the
eyes and on skin
(jaundice)
• Mood swings,
depression
• Aggressive
behavior
• Premature
balding
Effects of Steroids
SHORT TERM CONSEQUENCES
• Increase muscle mass, strength, & endurance
• Liver tumors, jaundice, water retention, & high blood pressure
• Uncontrolled aggression & violent behavior called “Roid Rage”
• severe mood swings
• manic episodes and depression
• often suffer from paranoid jealousy
LONG -TERM CONSEQUENCES
• Hypertension
High cholesterol
Kidney disease
• Stunted growth
Heart damage
Diabetes
• Women can experience irreversible deepening of the voice,
shrinking breasts, menstrual irregularities, baldness & hair growth
on other parts of the body
• Men can experience baldness, breast enlargement, sterility,
shrinking testicles and impotence
MOST SIGNIFICANT PROBLEMS
• High blood cholesterol levels - high blood
cholesterol levels may lead to
cardiovascular problems
• Severe acne
• Thinning of hair and baldness
• Fluid retention
• High blood pressure
• Liver disorders (liver damage and
jaundice)
• Steroids can affect fetal development
during pregnancy
• Risk of contracting HIV and other bloodborne diseases from sharing infected
needles
• Sexual & reproductive disorders
ANTI DEPRESSANTS
DEFINITION- any medication used to alleviate mood disorders, such
as major depression and anxiety disorders
TYPES
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Sertraline(Zoloft, Lustral)
Methylphenidate(Ritalin, Concerta)
Amphetamine(Adderall)
HOW TO INGEST
All antidepressants come in pill form
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
• Allergy problems, increase in allergies (number, sensitivity,
reactions, lengthier reactions)
Back pain, stiffness, tension, pressure, soreness, spasms,
immobility in the back or back muscles
• Burning skin sensation on the face, neck, ears, scalp, or
shoulders
• Chest pain, chest tightness
• Craving sugar, sweets, chocolate, usual craving for sugar and
sweets
• Excess of energy, you feel you can’t relax
• Weight loss, weight gain
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Agitation
• Headaches
LONG TERM EFFECTS
• Chronic Insomnia
• Weight Gain
• Sexual Dysfunction (erectile dysfunction)
Most Significant Problems
• Suicide
• Sexual dysfunctions- sexual desire, lack of interest in sex, and
anorgasmia (trouble achieving orgasm).
• Nausea, diarrhea, agitation, headaches
GenerationRX: Abusing Prescription Drugs Part 2
GenerationRX: Abusing Prescription Drugs Part 1