Download Circulatory System

Biology
Year 10
Blood and
Circulatory
System
Name: _______________________
Prepared by William Green
DBGS 2010
Learning Objectives
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Understand why simple, unicellular organisms can rely on diffusion for movement of
substances in and out of the cell
Understand the need for a transport system in multicellular organisms
Understand the general structure of the circulation system to include the blood
vessels to and from the heart, the lungs, the liver and the kidneys
Describe the structure of the heart and how it functions
Explain how the factors that affect heart rate
Describe the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries and understand their roles
Describe the composition of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
and plasma
Understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food,
urea, hormones and heat energy
Explain how adaptations of red blood cells, including shape, structure and the
presence of haemoglobin, make them suitable for the transport of oxygen
Understand that platelets are involved in blood clotting, which prevents blood loss
and the entry of micro-organisms
Describe how the immune system responds to disease using white blood cells,
illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and lymphocytes releasing antibodies
specific to the pathogen
Understand that vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which
enable future antibody production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in
greater quantity
Outline the issues of childhood vaccinations
Key Terms
surface area
SA:Volume ratio
pulmonary
systemic
pathogen
white blood cell
vaccination
blood vessels
innervated
blood clot
blood
plasma
cardiac muscle
oxygenated
deoxygenated
platelets
red blood cells
fibrinogen
gibrin
cardiac cycle
systol
diastole
erythrocytes
haemoglobin
oxyhaemoglobin
phagocytises
secondary immune response
medulla
pseudopodia
lymphocytes
antibodies
antigen
memory cell
immune
Functions of the Circulatory System
1. What are the functions of the circulatory system?
2. In small organisms diffusion across their body surface is sufficient:
a.
b.
3. Large active organisms cannot rely upon their body surface:
a.
b.
4. Single Cell Organisms rely on the ratio of supply and demand. This ratio will affect
the size of the organisms. Write out the formula used to calculate this ratio
5. Single Cell Organisms have a _________________________. Cell surface
membrane has a ___________________ to supply all the oxygen that their
volume demands.
What is the relationship between size, surface area, volume and S.A.:Volume Ratio?
Diameter
/ mm
1
2
4
3
5
Surface
2
area / mm
Volume
3
/ mm
s.a. :
volume
ratio
This information is a review from an earlier worksheet. It is good that you look this over
2 mm
1mm
2 mm
1 mm
2 mm
1 mm
Surface area of one side 1
1=1mm2
Surface area of one side 1 1=4mm2
Total surface area
6
1=6 mm2
Total surface area
6 4=24 mm2
Volume
1 1 1= 1mm2
Volume
1 1 1= 8 mm2
SA/V
6/1 = 6:1
SA/V
24/8 = 3:1
The bigger cube has a smaller SA/V. It would be less able to obtain all the oxygen it
needed through its surface
6. As size ____________, volume ____________ disproportionately compared to
_______________. Demands of cells for ____________ and ____________
also ______________ disproportionately:
a.
b.
Circulatory System
1. Label the two different types of circulatory systems. Give an example of each
________________
_____________________
________________
_____________________
2. The two distinct parts of the Double System are the
_______________________ and the __________________
3. List the components of the double circulatory system
The Heart
1. Describe the function of the heart
2. The heart is composed of _____________ chambers and
divided into _____________ and _____________ halves. It is
made up of special tissue called ______________. This type of
tissue will ____________ like ___________. They will
contract over ______________ in a lifetime.
3. Describe the function of the pericardium
4. The myocardium (muscle of the heart) conducts
electricity. Why does the muscle need to be larger
on the left side?
7. Label the Chambers of the Heart
8. The inside of the heart is made of various valves. These values keep the blood
moving in one direction. This prevents _____________________.
9. Label the heart valves?
Cardiac Cycle
1. Events from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the next heart
beat is referred to the ______________________
2. One heart beat consists of two parts. The __________________ and the
____________________.
3. During the cardiac cycle ______________ from the lungs fills the ________
atrium. ________________from other parts of the body fills the __________
atrium. ___________ is the period of time when the heart relaxes after
contraction.
4. The _____________ is the contraction of the heart muscle of the
____________________ atria. Both atria contract at the same time, sending
blood into the corresponding ________________. __________________ is the
contraction of the muscles of the ____________________ ventricles, which
contract at the _________________.
5. On average a heart beats ____________________ when at rest. The heart rate
is controlled by the _________________________________.
6. Specialised equipment called ___________________________can be used to
test the cardiac cycle. This test measures the ________________________ of
the heartbeat or one ____________________________.
7. Specialised nerves are used to activate the cardiac cycle. Label these on the
diagram
“The part of the brain called ____________ controls the nerve impulses to the heart.
Accelerator nerves increase the heart rate and decelerator nerves slow down the heart
rate.”
8. The ______________________ consists of the blood vessels that supply blood
to, and remove blood from the _____________ itself. The vessels that supply
blood high in oxygen to the ___________________ are known
_____________________.
9. Complete the pathway of blood flow through the heart
Blood Vessels
1. Blood vessels form a
throughout the body
2. Blood vessels distinguished by _____________________________________
3. Describe the structure of arteries
4. Describe the structure of veins
5. List the features of the capillaries
Blood
1. Describe the function of blood
2. What percent of your body is blood?
3. How much blood do we contain?
4. What percent of your blood is cellular?
5. What percent of your blood is plasma?
6. What is plasma?
7. The cellular components of blood are ______________________,
_____________________, and _____________________.
8. Blood cells are formed in the _______________.
9. The characteristics of red blood cells
10. Haemoglobin molecule replaces the nucleus of the blood cell. Haemoglobin is a
_____________ molecule which contains particles of ___________. This is an
iron containing protein that associates with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
11. Characteristics of white blood cells
12. Complete the table
Type of White
Blood Cell
Role of the White Blood Cell
13. Describe how vaccinations help the immune system
14. List some disadvantages of vaccinations.
15. Characteristics of platelets
16. Describe the steps of blood clotting