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Biospecies Information By: Bryan Sadowski Proteins ● Made up of amino acid chains – ● Typically 200-300, but can be as high as 27,000 (titin) Functions proteins are responsible for: – Structures of cells – Transport of materials in body fluids – Receptors for hormones http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/aminoAcid.html Amino Acids ● The monomers making up protein polymers ● Made of alpha C, attached to: – Amino group – Carboxyl group to donate H – ● One of 20 “R” groups Aline amino acid representation http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPag es/A/AminoAcids.html Nine essential amino acids – Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine Enzymes ● Catalysts for body funtions ● Most are proteins – ● ● some use RNA as catalysts (ribozymes) Bond temporarily to reactants and lower activation energy for reaction Example of a body catalyst – Carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells ● CO2 + H2O <-> H2CO3, allows transport of carbon dioxide from tissue to lungs Cells ● Structural units that make up plants and animals ● Made up of 90% cytoplasm – ● Other 10% consist of: – ● Free amino acids, proteins, glucose, etc... 59% H, 24% O, 11% C, 4% N, 2% other Some of the organelles in the cell: – Nucleus (DNA), endoplasmic reticulum (protein synthesis), mitochondria (food to energy) Nucleic Acids ● Building blocks of DNA and RNA ● Four types of bases – Adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), cytosine (C) – Bond A to T and C to G – Form into two complimentary, antiparallel chains adenine thymine cytosine http://ndbserver.rutgers.edu/NDB/archives/NAintr o/ guanine Sources ● http://www.cbc.umn.edu/~mwd/cell_www/cell_intro.html ● http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Proteins.html ● http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AminoAcids.html ● http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/Enzymes.html ● http://ndbserver.rutgers.edu/NDB/archives/NAintro/