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The Periodic Table Chapter 27 Dmitri Mendeleev • The Russian chemist Mendeleev came up with the idea of the periodic table of elements. • His idea brought order to the properties of elements. The Periodic table. • The periodic table is an arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number. • The Atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Groups • Elements that behave in a similar way are arranged in vertical columns called groups. • A group is a vertical column of elements that all have the same number of electrons in the outer shell. • All elements in a group behave in a similar manner chemically. Group 1- Alkali Metals • Examples- Alkali metals Lithium, Sodium, Potassium.(Li, Na, K.) • Each element has 1 electron in its outer shell. • The elements have similar chemical properties. Group 2 Alkali Earth metals • Group 2 – Alkali Earth metals. Be Mg Ca. • Each element has 2 electrons in its outer shell. Group 7 – Halogens • Group 7 – Halogens • Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine.(Fl, Cl, Br) • Each element has 7 electrons in its outer shell. Group 8-Nobel Gases • All the elements in group 8(except Helium) have 8 electrons in their outer shell. • This makes them stable and un-reactive. The Periodic Table Periods • The horizontal rows of elements are called Periods • The period tells the number of shells in the atom of an element • The 1st period has 2 elements H and He. • The 2nd period goes from Li to Ne. • The 3rd period goes from Na to Ar. Metals and Non-metals The elements of the periodic table can be divided into metals and non-metals. Common Metals include: Copper(Cu) Zinc(Zn) Iron(Fe) Silver(Ag) Gold(Au)