Download The Rise of Greek Cities

The Rise of Greek Cities
Unit 3 Chapter 8 Lesson 2
L. Nabulsi
VOCABULARY
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POLIS
ACROPOLIS
AGORA
CITIZEN
ELIGARCHY
MONARCHY
DEMOCRACY
COLONY
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HOMER
ATHENS
SPARTA
MOUNT OLYMPUS
Read Aloud
• Shared blood, shared language, shared religion,
and shared customs.” Long ago a Greek historian
named Herodotus…used these words to describe
what it meant to be Greek. Greeks were very
proud of what they shared. However, they prized
just as highly those things that made them
different from one another. Those differences
began in the many city-states that dotted the
mainland and islands of ancient Greece (Banks
196).
The Big Picture
• 1100BC – Egypt’s New Kingdom lost
power as did China’s Shang dynasty.
• 1100-970BC – Little known of Greece
• Few artifacts give insight
• 700BC – Artifacts exist showing
• Many cities
• Powerful men creating communities
• Polis – existed within these communities
A Greek Polis
• City-states in Greece had a similar plan
• Built on an acropolis or large hill which gave
“shelter and safety in times of war” (Bank 197).
• Included an area called an agora where farmers
and craftworkers gathered as a marketplace and
meeting place.
Developing Government
• Plan similar but governments of the city-states
differed.
• Leaders
• Citizens
• Men
• Rights not extended to women or slaves
• Slaves in Sparta
• Called Helots
• Conquered neighbors
Monarchy
• First form of government in Athens
• Ruler was a king
• Means “rule by one.”
Oligarchy
• A small group of rich men who ruled
• This system disallowed non-rich to be
leaders
• Most powerful citizens made decisions
• 600 BC – Athens an oligarchy
• Rested on value of property
• Rich owned property
City-States of Greece
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Greece is not a united country
City-states differed from one another
Governments of city-states differed
Most information known about Athens and
Sparta
• Other city-states also existed
• Corinth
• Megara
Sparta
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700 BC – Sparta in Peloponnesus
Greece’s largest city-state in area
Contained dozens of villages
Central city contained 30 villages
Located 30 miles from the Mediterranean Sea.
Low mountains formed the acropolis
Had an agora for farmers to do business
Farmers in Sparta were slaves
More slaves than other city-states with 7-1 ratio
The Spartan Military
• 600 BC – Slave revolt in Sparta
• Spartans overpowered slaves
• Leaders determine to make Sparta “the strongest
military power in Greece” (Banks 198).
• Reason – neither slaves nor other polis to gain
control.
• Spartan children –
• At age seven, boys and girls began training
• Girls – running, throwing javelins, playing ball games,
to be strong mothers of strong children
Athens
• Life very different for boys and girls
• Located in Attica
• Athenian girls did not practice sports (to “see little, hear little, and ask
no more questions than are absolutely necessary” (Bank 199).
• Boys
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Worked in fields
Learned pottery or stone working shops
Wealthy families sent boys to school for reading and writing
Wrestling and boxing at gymnasium
• Girls
• stayed home to help their mothers
• weaving cloth.
• Farm girls helped in the fields at harvest time
Government in Athens
• Building an army was not the focus
• Prior to 600 BC – monarchy
• 600 BC – oligarchy
• Power to rich
• Poorer citizens wanted power
• Nobles forced to share power with poorer
citizens
Power to the People
• Large meetings allowing all citizens to take
part in decision making
• Athens divided into demes
• Ten demes
• Fifty people from each deme drew lots to serve
in the 500
• Begins democracy in the world, a new form
of government.
Shared Culture
• Monthly religious celebrations
• Polytheistic
• Belief that gods and goddesses lived on Mt.
Olympus.
Special Festivals
• Each polis honored one god or goddess as
its protector or patron
• Athens – Athena (contest between Athena
and Poseidon)
• Festival to honor Athena in spring: cattle
killed.
• Zeus worshipped in all of the polis.
• Olympics another special festival
Olympics
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Olympics is 3000 years old
Achieved cooperation between city-states
400 AD – games disappeared
1896 – Modern Olympics began
Ties past with present
Women could not participate in original
Olympics, but can now.
• Now summer and winter Olympics
Beyond Greece
• 700 BC - Greeks established colonies
• due to their inability to produce enough food
• to extend their trade routes
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Colonies remained loyal to Greece
Participated in the Olympic games
Traded needed grain to city-states
500 BC –colonies “ringed the Mediterranean.
Threat now came from larger empire of Persia
Why It Matters
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City-states differed and valued independence
Had different types of governments
Athens developed democracy
Cities shared cultural ties
499BC – city in Turkey wanted to break from
Persian control
• Athens, Sparta, and others joined together in the
League to fight Persia.
Main Ideas
• Life in most of the Greek city-states
revolved around an agora and an acropolis.
• Spartans spent much of their time working
to strengthen their bodies and their army.
• In Athens free women and girls worked at
home. Boys and women worked, went to
school or took part in government.
Think About It
• What did city-states have in common?
• What made them different?
• Who was allowed to vote in the developing
democracy of Athens?
• FOCUS Why was life in Sparta so different from
life in Athens?
• THINKING SKILL What effects did slavery have
on life in Sparta?
• GEOGRAPHY What made the agora a center for
cultural interaction?
A Greek Poet
• Homer – bard or poet
• Blind and lived by entertaining others with his
stories
• Lived possibly between 800-700 BC.
• Oral literature
• Poems
• Iliad – kidnapping of Helen by Paris, Prince of Troy, a
city in Turkey
• The Odyssey – voyage of Odysseus from Troy to Ithaca
after being punished by Poseidon for hubris.