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Have you ever wondered how
old a mountain is?
Mountains, valleys and hills can
form slowly, and some form
very quickly.
Modeling Earth’s Landforms
1. As a table (group of 4), form clay into peasize balls. Use the balls to model a mountain
landform on the plate provided.
2.
Data collection Chart
(quaLitative & quaNtitative)
Number of balls
removed
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Observation
Expected Results
We should have observed that landforms slowly
change shape and grows smaller.
Science Interactive Notebook
Left side of your notebook
Right side of your notebook
mrscdaniels.weebly.com
Essential Question
Lesson 1
What are some of Georgia’s
Landforms?
Science Concepts
You should be able to explain:
what landforms are
What makes each landform different from
others
Reading Strategy
• RAP
•Read one chunk at a time
•Ask yourself what’s the main idea and
supporting details
•Paraphrase to your partner
RAP (page 64)
Landforms
Topography =
all kinds of lands
Volcanoes =
Different mountains
(not in ranges)
Land has many different
Shapes
Types of mountains
- Rocky (jagged)
- Appalachian
(lower / round)
Hills like mountains
(lower)
Plains = flat
 Farming
RAP
Main Idea
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
T= Mountain Hills and Plains
•
Landforms
- Natural land shape feature
- Feature
Topography
Mountains
- All kinds of landforms
- In certain / specific areas
-
landform
Much higher
Occurs in groups / ranges
Mountain ranges differ
T=Mountain, Hills & Plains (2of2)
•
•
Volcanic Areas
Hills
-
- landforms = mountains
• Not as high
• Rounded slopes
-
•
Plains
individual mountains
• Steep sides
• Rounded slopes
Large
Flat landforms
• Little relief
relief
• Difference in elevation
• Mid US
• Great Plains very large plains
- Formed in different ways
Learning About Landforms
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWTDmg8OI_Y
RAP
Landforms of
Sand
Shaped by wind
& water
Water moves sand
- Sand spits
- Barrier islands
RAP
Landforms of
Sand
Shaped by wind
& water
Sand Dunes
Move 100 feet /year
Water moves sand
- Sand spits
- Barrier islands
Rivers can form
sand landforms
- sandbars
RAP
Landforms from water
Canyons formed by run-off water
Mesa are created by
running water
Canyons …
Formed by rivers.
T= Landforms of Sand (1 of 2)
•
some landforms
Sand Dunes
- Made of sand and bits of rocks
• Move
• Shaped by wind and water
• Easily changed
- sand hill
• Shaped by wind
• Moves
• Can move up to 100ft in a year
- Water can move sand
• Reshapes beaches
• Forming sand spits & Barrier
islands
• Along the Atlantic Coast &
Gulf of Mexico
T= Landforms of Sand (2 of 2)
•
Rivers
- Can make sand landforms
• Carry sand from land
- Sandbar (landform)
• Flow slows
• Sand settles
• Pacific Coast
RAP
Main Idea
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
T= Landforms From Water
•
Mesa
Canyons
-
Tall, flat-topped rock
Mesa= table in Spanish
Forms as water erodes the surrounding rocks
Monument Valley
• Utah
• Home of many mesas
-
deep valleys with steep sides
- Throughout the Southwest
Grand Canyon (Arizona)
• Largest canyon in the world
• Thousands of years to form
• Rushing waters of Colorado
- Carved through
- Forming mile deep canyon
not all canyons are made by rivers
• Some formed by water runoff
-
-
RAP
Main Idea
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
RAP
Landforms
from Water
Topography –
Varied in SW
Canyons
- Deep valleys &
- Steep sides
Mesa –
Tall flat rock
Made by water
- Grand Canyon Largest Canyon
- Arizona
- Develop by Colorado River
Not all canyons
are made by rivers
Georgia’s Geological Regions
Main Idea
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
T= Georgia’s Geologic Regions (1of 2)
•
Landforms
Northwestern
- Georgia
• Divided into different regions
• Geologist vary
• 4 / 5/ 6 regions
- Easiest way to separate
• earth’s crust in each location
-
-
Valley and Ridge Region
• Rocks
• Slowly pushed and folded many times
• Many Peaks and Valleys
• Boarded by Appalachian Mountains
• Cartersville fault
Fault
• Break in Earth’s crust
T= Georgia’s Geologic Regions (2 of 2)
•
Blue Ridge Region
- Home to Brasstown Bald
• Highest point in Georgia
Piedmont Region
(Home!)
- Middle of the state
• Rolling hills
• Remains of ancient mountain range
• Famous red clay
• Biggest cities
- Atlanta, Athens
Coastal Plain
-
Largest region
• low, flat land
• Extends from Piedmont to Atlantic Ocean
• Many rivers
• A lot of wet, marshy land
• Ideal for growing crops
RAP
Main Idea
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
T= Georgia’s Fall Line (1of 2)
•
-
-
•
•
T= _____________________________
•
-
-
•
•
T= _____________________________
•
-
-
•
•
Essential Question
• What causes changes to landforms?
Erosion Video
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-ULcVdeqgE
Bill Nye – Erosion
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMqRjvMk2A Bill Nye – Erosion
3. Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exS9gFXgib
0
4. Tooth erosion = real life connection
Essential Terms
Weathering
(noun)
Erosion
(Noun)
Sinkhole
Topography
(Noun)
(Noun)
Essential Terms
Weathering
The process of wearing
away rocks by a natural
means
Erosion
The process of moving
sediments by wind,
moving water & ice
(BREAKING)
(Carrying Away)
Sinkholes
Topography
A large hole formed
when the roof of a
cave collapses
Surface landforms of
an area.
Georgia: hills, rivers,
mountains
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Changes caused by wind
Supporting
Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting
Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Changes caused by wind
Sand wears
away rocks
Breaking into
small pieces
Wind Carries
Sand
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Essential Question
• What causes changes to landforms?
T= Changes Caused by Wind
•
Weathering
- Wearing away rocks
• Natural means
- Weathered pieces
• Carried away by wind
• Keep moving
• Large pieces fall
- Over time
• Wind leaves small piles
• Piles grow and grow
• Piles evolve into dunes
-
Sand Dunes
locations
• deserts, beaches & lakeshores
• Along the Atlantic Coast
- Heights
• As high as 30-story building
- Pros & cons
• Protect land during storms
• Damage buildings & roads
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
changes caused by moving water
Main Idea
Moving water
Can change the
Earth’s surface
Water is POWERFUL!
It can dig a mile
deep Canyon
Deposits and water can
change the rivers /
RAP
Moving water / Erosion
Flowing river erodes
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Change the Earth’s
Surface
Moving water
- Change path of river
- Dig 1 mile deep canyon
River is deeper
Sediments move
Then deposited
Changing the river
T= Changes Caused by Moving Water
•
Moving Water
-
change the Earth’s surface
• Carries soil & small pieces of rock
- Erosion
•
-
Rapidly
Flowing River
Process of moving sediment
• By wind, water, ice
Water
• Important cause of change
• dig a mile-deep canyon
• Change path of river
- Erodes
•
•
Banks
• Widens river
Bottoms
• Deepens river
- Carries sediments
•
Deposits
• narrow river banks
• Bottom shallow
• Emma’s question: What are sediments
• Sediments are rocks, sand and dirt and maybe
even natural resources. Jake the Snake
Cause and Effect
How can water cause a river’s bank
to change?
(Level 1 / LB)
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Main Idea
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
T= Erosion and Deposition (1 of 2)__
•
Moving Water
Rain Water
-
Creates energy
•
•
•
•
Moves sediment
The faster it moves = the > energy created
Fast water = erodes a lot
Slow water = erodes small amounts
- Can cause erosion
- Moving water carriers sediments
- May leave gullies or ditches
- Can change landforms
Ocean Waves
• each wave can bring more sand
- Deposition
• Sediments drops out of water
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Main Idea
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
T= Erosion and Deposition (2 of 2)_
•
River’s Mouth
- place where it empties into the ocean
•
•
flow of water slows as it reaches ocean
deposits of sediment settle
• Forms Delta
Delta
- An area of new land @ the mouth of a River
• Made from sediment
- Can deposit sediment near river
Flooding
• Heavy rain pushes water into banks
• Water returns
• Sediment remain
• Rich in nutrients
• Flood Plains 
• Good for farming
Cause and Effect
What causes a sinkhole to form?
(Level 1 / LB)
Videos
• Videos: Sinkholes & Landslides:
http://kfor.com/2014/04/30/massive-sinkholelandslide-swallows-cars-in-baltimore/
• Sinkholes in Georgia:
http://www.cbs46.com/story/22170726/sinkholecloses-cherokee-county-road
• Time Lapse of a plant:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-FO8tZQGfk
• Time Lapse of Plant roots:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDA8rmUP5ZM
• Earth’s Crust:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NJQKs9-NM0
Essential Terms
Weathering
The process of wearing
away rocks by a natural
means
Erosion
The process of moving
sediments by wind,
moving water & ice
(BREAKING)
(Carrying Away)
Sinkholes
Topography
A large hole formed
when the roof of a
cave collapses
Surface landforms of
an area.
Georgia: hills, rivers,
mountains
Delta
The triangular
deposits of
sediments at the
mouth of a river
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Sinkholes / Landslides
Water can erode and
Weather soft rocks
Weight can cause
road to collapse
soil, mud and rocks
Can make things move
Quickly
Landslides can occur
After rain or earthquakes
T= Sinkholes and Landslides
•
Underground
Water
Gravity
-
-
is powerful, too.
• Weather and erode soft rocks
Underground erosion
• Causes caves to form
• Underground caves collapse
- Weight on top Underground
• Caves near the surface
• Sinkholes may open suddenly
• Large holes
• Found where limestone is
• Usually Florida
- Like water, cause land-changing process
- Landslides
• Soil, mud, rock move quickly
• Happens suddenly
- after earthquakes or heavy rains
Essential Terms
Weathering
The process of wearing
away rocks by a natural
means
Erosion
The process of moving
sediments by wind,
moving water & ice
(BREAKING)
(Carrying Away)
Sinkholes
Topography
A large hole formed
when the roof of a
cave collapses
Surface landforms of
an area.
Georgia: hills, rivers,
mountains
Delta
The triangular
deposits of
sediments at the
mouth of a river
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Main Idea
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Plants
Causes weathering
& erosion
roots move
break rocks
Preserve & protect
Hold soil
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Trees and cover crops
Preserve the land and STOPS
Erosion
T= Plants_( & ) _____________
•
Weathering
Roots Protect
Cover Crops
- the process of wearing away
- Seed germinates
• Sends roots into cracks / holes
• Roots grow
• Can break rocks in pieces
- Preserve Earth’s landforms
• holds soil and sand in place
• Helps prevent wind & water erosion
- Helps return nutrients to soil
- Trees help prevent wind erosion
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
The Structure of Earth
4 different layers
Outer core= liquid
Inner core = metal
Digging deep in the Earth
- But it’s not rock
- 4,000 miles is the center of Earth
Crust & mantle are called plates
Fit together like a puzzle
Pangea
- 10 major plates
- Float & move
- Affect each other
Plate movements affects
Earth’s Surface.
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons /
Facts
Review
• Sinkholes Review
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQvv8YFCG
sY
Landslides
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrV4uCVw
mfk
T= Earth’s Structure
•
River’s Mouth
-
-
Delta
-
Flooding
Bill Nye – Earth’s Crust
•
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NJQKs9NM0
Cause and Effect
What causes an earthquake?
(Level 1 / LB)
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Earthquakes
When plates move,
energy is released =
ground shake
Earthquake is movement of
Ground.
Ritcher
Measures how powerful an
earthquake is
2.0 little
6.0 + great damage
3 types of plate movements
• Pushed
• Sliding
• Pulling
focus is placed
Earthquakes occur along a fault
Earthquakes occur a fault
What causes an Earthquake
“A sudden release of energy to the Earth’s crust.”
Understanding Earthquakes
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cavq2HF
Ba-U
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNyVPsj8zc
T= Earthquakes___(1 of 2)________
Sudden
Movement
Plate
Movement
- 2 plates move
• Energy is released in Earth’s crust
• Ground shakes
- Focus
• place within the crust
• Greatest damage directly above the focus
• Cause a lot / little damage
- Epicenter
• Directly above the focus
- 3 different types
• Plates pushing together
• Plates sliding past
• Plates pulling apart
T= Earthquakes___(2 of 2)________
Faults
Richter Scale
- Breaks in Earth’s crust
- Plate movements bend & crack crust
• Middle of plates
• Near edge of plates
- Measures the magnitude
• Amount of energy released
• Increase of 1 = 32x
• 2.0 too small to feel
- Millions of 2.0 earthquakes/ yearly
• 6.0 great deal of damage
- 20 / a year
Most Recent Earthquake data
• http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map
/
What causes an earthquake?
Review of Earthquakes
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELd3ebld
STs
Volcanoes
Know
Want
Learned
Volcanoes
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJgwNqz
umL8
• http://earthquakes.volcanodiscovery.com/
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
volcanoes
Composite
Wide / steep slopes
Shield
magma is pushed upward
Through mantle and crust
lava & ash can shoot
17 miles
Magma travels upward
Magma that flows out is lava
Volcanoes are mountains made of
Lava, ash and other materials
Hot spots can cause
A chain of volcanoes /
Hawaiian islands are hot spots
Cause and Effect
What causes a chain of volcanoes
to form?
(Level 1 / LB)
T= Volcanoes__________________
- Rock beneath Earth’s surface
Magma
Lava
• Forms in places
- plates push against
- Pull away from
- Pushed upward through mantle & crust
• Reaches opening / vent
- Hot Column
• Aka – Hot Spot
• Melt a hole through crust
• New location for volcanoes
- Magma that flowed out
- Molten rock
• Earth’s surface
• Reach up to 17 miles
- Volcanic Mountain is formed
• Lava, ash, and or other materials
T= Types of Volcanoes_______
___________
Composite
Shield
Cinder Cone
- wide w/ steep slopes
- Ash and alternating layers of lava
- Mount St. Helens, Washington State
- broad w / gentle slopes
- Easy flowing lava
• Built up
• Repeated lava flow
- 85% of Hawaiian Islands
- Tall & narrow w/ steep sides
- Rock, ash & other materials
- Not made of lava
•
Volcanoes
Know
Want
Learned
How are mountains formed?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_yRnFq
DwYA
T= How Mountains Form_______
___________
Formation
Famous
Mountains
- tallest landforms
- Movements of plates
• Crust is crumpled
• Pushed upward
- Appalachians
- Normal faults
• Folding and moving upwards
- Valley & Ridge Region & Blue Ridge Mountains
• Built series of reverse faults
• Sheets of rock pile up
- Grand Teton Mountains, Wyoming
- formed in middle of plate
• Pressure
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
mountains
Tallest landforms
Plates come together
push land upwards
The Affects of
Faults :
Normal Faults
Reverse faults
Plates move
and magma fill in
Can form in middle
Of plate
Mountains
Know
Want
Learned
Tallest landforms (Colby
They form when plates crash together
(marianna)
Devin – 2 types of faults - movement
Maggie – density
Main Idea
Explain how the work of
seismologists help prevent
earthquake damage?
(Level 1 / LB)
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Seismological Studies
Earthquakes happen
Constructive = mountains
Rivers
destructive
- Roads Damaged
- Building fall
- Bridges destoy
Seismologist
Do / study
Instruments
seismograph
data
- Map to help
public
- Educate
building safety
- Springs
- > sway the safer
earthquakes will
occur
Planning can change
the effects
• What is the role of a seismologist
T= Seismological Studies ____
Earthquakes
Seismologist
Quantitative Data #s
- Constructive
• Form mountains & lake
- Mostly Destructive
• Roads & bridges damaged
• Buildings fall
- Scientist
• Study earthquakes
• Use numerous tools to monitor Earth’s crust
• Seismograph (provides data for scientist)
•
•
•
Records movement in crust
Strength – Richter Scale
When / How long it lasted
T= Seismological Studies ____
Seismologist
Quantitative Data #s
- Seismic Hazard Maps
• Areas most likely to shake
• City official can prepare / educate
- Construction Rules
• Skyscrapers are built on springs
• Ground shakes = building sways
• > it sways the less likely to falls
Main Idea
Identify 3 major methods of flood
control?
(Level 1 / LB)
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Controlling Floods
Constructive floods /
plants
Destructive / costly & deaths
Dams & Levees
Help controls
flooding
dams and levees have
draw backs
- Sediments stop
flowing
- And stops flow of
river
Remove any structures
built on flood plains
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Controlling Floods
Constructive floods /
plants
Destructive / costly & deaths
Dams & Levees
Help controls
flooding
dams and levees have
draw backs
- Sediments stop
flowing
- And stops flow of
river
Remove any structures
built on flood plains
T= Flood Control _____
___________
Constructive
Destructive
-
Natural Process
• Occurs near body of water
Plants grow
Signals fish
Cut channels into rivers
Carves areas for animals to drink
Aquatic life to hide
Cost farmers
• Fields & crops
Damages houses & towns
T= Flood Control _____
___________
Control
flooding
- Dams and levees
- Levees
• A wall of earth / concrete
• Built along banks of water
• Concentrates rising waters within channels
- Dams
• Hold water back
• Released slowly into stream channel
• Stops flow of water , lake
- remove structure built of Floodplains
• Soil and wetland plants absorb excess water
• Flooding
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bv1C_wc
RGzM
• Cumberland Island
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5UND_
aV8B8
Main Idea
Explain how people restore
beaches.
(Level 1 / LB)
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Beach Restoration
T= Beach Restoration
___________
-
-
_______