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Awesome, Amazing, Advantageous, Adventurous ADJECTIVES! A guide to your adjective packet, from Mrs. Birch and the Incredibles! Before we begin… Look for the words that are white and underlined…these are the missing words in your packets! What is an adjective? • An ADJECTIVE is a word that DESCRIBES a NOUN or a PRONOUN • Sometimes we refer to adjectives as MODIFIERS – To modify means “TO CHANGE SLIGHTLY” – This means that adjectives SLIGHTLY CHANGE the meaning of nouns and pronouns What is an adjective? • Adjectives MODIFY in one of four ways: – WHAT KIND? – WHICH ONE? – HOW MANY? – HOW MUCH? • It is important to keep these questions in mind when you’re trying to identify adjectives Modification • Let’s examine the concept of modification for a moment and see how it can change how we see a word… Modification • The word “HOUSE” is a noun. When you think of the word “HOUSE,” each person has a different mental image. • Please take a moment and draw your idea of a house on the back of your packet… Modification • But consider this… – What if someone says “a SMALL house” • How does your image change? – “a LARGE WOODEN house” • How does your image change? – “an OLD WHITE COLONIAL house” • How does your image change? • The capitalized words CHANGE the way we see the NOUNS in each of those phrases! Modification • Adjectives modify or change nouns and pronouns in very specific ways, using the four questions we discussed earlier… 1) WHAT KIND? a new hero a striped costume WHAT KIND of hero? a NEW one -new is the adjective! WHAT KIND of costume? a STRIPED one -striped is the adjective! Modification 2) WHICH ONE? this villian every power WHICH villian? THIS one - this is the adjective! WHICH power? EVERY one - every is the adjective! 3) HOW MANY? one conflict many disguises HOW MANY conflicts? one conflict - one is the adjective! HOW MANY disguises? many disguises - many is the adjective! Modification 4) HOW MUCH? no food little rain HOW MUCH food? no food - no is the adjective! HOW MUCH rain? little rain - little is the adjective Placement with NOUNS • Usually when adjectives modify NOUNS, they come directly BEFORE the noun. • But an adjective can also come AFTER a linking verb when it’s describing a noun!! Placement with NOUNS • Let’s examine some examples: BEFORE: Every morning, Mrs. Birch sees many bright, smiling faces. [BRIGHT and SMILING modify “faces”] Placement with NOUNS • AFTER A LV: The classroom was cheerful and warm for the students. [CHEERFUL and WARM modify “classroom” and was is the LV!] Placement with PRONOUNS • When adjectives modify pronouns, they often come AFTER a LINKING VERB – remember our good friend, To Be? • (I will also show you an exception to the rule – but you WON’T be tested on it) Placement with PRONOUNS • Let’s examine some examples: AFTER: They are rambunctious and talkative. [RAMBUNCTIOUS and TALKATIVE modify “they” and ARE is the LV] Placement with PRONOUNS • EXCEPTION TO THE RULE: Quiet and sullen, he sat in the corner. [QUIET and SULLEN modify “he”] Practice 1 – Identifying Adjectives • In each of the following sentences, draw a line under the adjective, and then draw an arrow pointing from the adjective to the noun or pronoun it modifies. Practice 1 – Identifying Adjectives 1. The Incredibles are an amazing family. - What kind of family? An AMAZING one! 2. All superheroes have super powers. - Which superheroes? ALL superheroes! - What kind of powers? SUPER powers! 3. This family has interesting abilities. - Which family? THIS family! - What kind of abilities? INTERESTING abilities! Practice 1 – Identifying Adjectives 4. Superheroes are stronger than normal people. - What kind of superheroes? STRONGER ones! - Which people? NORMAL people! 5. A female hero has stretchy arms but Mr. Incredible has super strength. - Which hero? The FEMALE one! - What kind of arms? STRETCHY arms! - What kind of strength? SUPER strength! Practice 1 – Identifying Adjectives 6. The hero children have powers that are outstanding and surprising! - Which children? The HERO children! - What kind of powers? OUTSTANDING & SURPRISING ones! 7. Violet has many extraordinary powers. - How many powers? MANY powers! - What kind of powers? Extraordinary powers! Practice 1 – Identifying Adjectives 8. Violet has a unique ability to become invisible. - What kind of ability? A UNIQUE one! 9. Jack Jack can do many things that are new to Mr. Incredible and Elastigirl. - How many things? MANY things! - What kind of things? NEW things! 10. This family must defeat an evil genius to save the world. - What kind of genius? An EVIL one! - Which family? THIS one! Let’s help the Incredibles with this next exercise! • Let’s see if we can find some adjectives now! • Read the following passage from “The Third Wish” by Joan Aiken. • Please BOX the adjectives! (Hint: there are 17 adjectives!) The primroses were just beginning but the trees were still bare, and it was cold; the birds had stopped singing an hour ago. As Mr. Peters entered a straight, empty stretch of road he seemed to hear a faint crying, and a struggling and thrashing, as if somebody was in trouble far away in the trees. He left his car and climbed the mossy bank beside the road. Beyond the bank was an open slope of beech trees leading down to thorn bushes through which he saw the gleam of water. He stood a moment waiting to try and discover where the noise was coming from, and presently heard a rustling and some strange cries in a voice which was almost human—and yet there was something too hoarse about it at one time and too clear and sweet at another. Mr. Peters ran down the hill and as he neared the bushes he saw something white among them which was trying to extricate itself; coming closer he found that it was a swan that had become entangled in the thorns growing on the bank of the canal. Using Nouns and Pronouns as Adjectives Now you listen to me, Parr! We need to review a few facts! Adjectives are the fourth part of speech that we’ve spent time learning in class. Before adjectives, we learned verbs, and pronouns, and before that we learned all about nouns. So by now, you know that nouns and adjectives are two totally different parts of speech… Using Nouns and Pronouns as Adjectives But SOMETIMES nouns get jealous of adjectives and their awesome abilities! And in these instances, we say that nouns are acting like adjectives! A noun used as an adjective usually comes directly before the OTHER NOUN that they are modifying! A noun used as an adjective answers one of two adjective questions: – WHAT KIND? – WHICH ONE? Using Nouns as Adjectives NOUNS NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVES EXPLANATION shoe a shoe store What kind of store? A shoe store! duck a duck feather What kind of feather? A duck feather! football the football game birthday my birthday present Which game? The football game! Which present? The birthday present! Using Nouns as Adjectives NOUNS NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVES EXPLANATION Using Pronouns as Adjectives • A pronoun is used like an adjective when it modifies a noun – We see the superheroes on this side of the city. • THIS is a demonstrative pronoun (remember???) but it becomes an adjective by modifying side. – Which masked men are the bad guys? • WHICH is an interrogative pronoun (another blast from the past!) but it becomes an adjective by modifying masked men. Remember… **When there is a NOUN after them, they are ADJECTIVES!!!! They DESCRIBE the noun!** **Remember…pronouns have to stand alone and independent! Adjectives are needy, and are always next to a noun!!!!** Soooo…when we have a pronoun that comes before a noun, we can say it’s actually an ADJECTIVE!!! Demonstrative Pronouns • The four demonstrative pronouns are also often used as demonstrative adjectives • When they PRECEDE a NOUN, then they are being used as adjectives. Otherwise, they are probably being used as pronouns. • Who remembers what the four demonstrative pronouns are? – THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE! Demonstrative Pronouns • WOW! Look how they can be used both ways: PRONOUN ADJECTIVE 1.We saw that. 1. That city is home to many superheroes. 2. What are these? 2. These people need Mr. Incredible. Practice 3 – Demonstrative Pronouns Now you try! Directions: In the sentences below, BOX the demonstrative pronouns, and CIRCLE the demonstrative adjectives. IF it is a demonstrative adjective, draw an arrow from the adjective to the noun it modifies. Practice 3 – Demonstrative Pronouns 1. Those are bystanders watching the heroes at work. 2. These superheroes have a long history of saving the world from disaster. Practice 3 – Demonstrative Adjectives 3. That hero is the Dash…he’s really fast! 4. These two superheroes are truly amazing! 5. This is why the world is always safe from evil people like Syndrome. Interrogative Adjectives • Three of the interrogative pronouns can be used as interrogative adjectives – WHICH – WHAT – WHOSE • When they PRECEDE A NOUN, then they are being used as adjectives. • Otherwise, they are probably being used as pronouns (such as when they stand alone). Interrogative Pronouns • Let’s look at how they are used: PRONOUN ADJECTIVE 1.Which do you think will defeat him? 1. Which hero do you think will defeat him? 2.Whose can that be? 2. Whose superpower can that be? Using Possessives as Adjectives • On the other hand, daahhh-ling, personal pronouns can be both adjectives and pronouns! SINGULAR FIRST PERSON * my SECOND PERSON * your THIRD PERSON * his * her * its PLURAL * our * your * their Using Possessives as Adjectives • Take a look at an example: – Elastigirl stretched her arms. • HER is an adjective because it modifies “arms.” It tells WHICH arms. • BUT! It is ALSO a pronoun because it stands for the antecedent “ELASTIGIRL.” • IT CAN BE BOTH!!!! Using Possessives as Adjectives • Possessive NOUNS function as adjectives when they modify a NOUN: – The car is one of Syndrome’s inventions. – The hero’s costume is colorful. Mwhah ahahah ahaha! Proper Adjectives • Let’s take a moment to review PROPER NOUNS! – What is a proper noun? – How is a proper noun different from a common noun? – How is a proper noun visually distinguishable from a common noun? Proper Adjectives • Well, a PROPER ADJECTIVE is very similar to a PROPER NOUN! • A PROPER ADJECTIVE can either be: – a proper noun used as an adjective – an adjective formed FROM a proper noun Proper Adjectives • A proper noun used as an adjective DOES NOT change its form… – It’s simply placed in front of another noun! PROPER NOUNS… …USED AS PROPER ADJECTIVES Truman the Truman library (WHICH library? The Truman library) Florida Florida wetlands (WHAT KIND of wetlands? Florida wetlands) December December weather (WHAT KIND of weather? December weather) Now you try some…think of some proper nouns, and then brainstorm an example of them being used as PROPER ADJECTIVES! Proper Adjectives • When an adjective is formed from a proper noun, the proper noun DOES change its form! PROPER NOUNS… …FORMED INTO PROPER ADJECTIVES America American history (WHAT KIND of history? American history) **America American** Victoria Victorian ideas (WHAT KIND of ideas? Victorian ideas) **Victoria Victorian** Now you try some…think of some proper nouns, and then brainstorm an example of them being formed into PROPER ADJECTIVES! Compound Adjectives • Remember COMPOUND NOUNS? – A compound noun is a noun made up of two words that come together to form a new and different word with a new and different meaning! • Well, a COMPOUND ADJECTIVE is very similar! Compound Adjectives • A compound adjective is an adjective made up of two words that come together to form a new and different adjective with a new and different meaning • While there are THREE types of compound nouns, there are really only TWO TYPES of compound adjectives that are commonly used • HYPHENATED • COMBINED Compound Adjectives Let’s examine a few examples: • HYPHENATED – a well-known superhero – a full-time job • COMBINED – a featherweight boxer – a freshwater lake That’s INCREDIBLE! Compound Adjectives • Now try some on your own! In your packets, you will find an article (taken from www.cnn.com). • In that article, find and circle at least TEN compound adjectives. • Then we will share our discoveries with the class! "American Idol" alumni came out on top at the American Music Awards as Daughtry, the band fronted by "Idol" loser Chris Daughtry, shared the triple-winner spotlight with "Idol" champ Carrie Underwood. Daughtry capitalized on its three nominations to win favorite poprock album for its self-titled debut, as well as breakthrough artist and adult contemporary artist honors. "I want to make sure we thank the fans again because you guys made this all possible for us," the band's frontman said. Backstage, he explained that he was an artist before he got to "American Idol." "The show didn't make me who I am," he said. "It just gave me a chance to show everybody else who I am." Underwood matched her three wins at the Country Music Association Awards this month with three trophies Sunday: female country artist, country album for "Some Hearts," and the T-Mobile text-in award. Justin Timberlake was a long-distance winner, accepting by video from Australia as his name was called for male pop-rock artist and in the soul/R&B album category for his most recent album. Usher presented the international artist award to Beyonce, who was a featured performer but did not win in any of her three competitive nominations. "I'm so blessed to wake up every morning and do what I love. I don't take it for granted," Beyonce said. In the rap-hip-hop categories, T.I. came up a double winner as male artist and for the album "T.I. vs. T.I.P." Bone Thugs-N-Harmony won favorite group. Rascal Flatts was named top country duo or group, Tim McGraw was top male country artist, Akon won favorite male soul/rhythm & blues artist and Rihanna bested former "Idol" Fantasia to win favorite female soul/R&B artist. The show was packed with performances, including Beyonce joining Sugarland in a countrified version of Beyonce's hit "Irreplaceable." Backstage, Sugarland singer Jennifer Nettles said she was nervous to sing with Beyonce, who she described as "so beautiful." Celine Dion performed her new song, "Taking Chances," and Lenny Kravitz sat at the piano to play his latest, "I'll Be Waiting." Eighties band Duran Duran performed its new song, "Falling Down," as well as the old hit "Hungry Like the Wolf." Fergie opened the show with a trio of songs from her debut album, then closed it by beating Beyonce and Avril Lavigne to win poprock female artist. "I was a little girl with big dreams and tonight one of those big dreams came true," Fergie said backstage. Other performers included Mary J. Blige, Maroon 5, Rihanna, Rascal Flatts and teen stars the Jonas Brothers. Another teen sensation, "High School Musical 2," won favorite soundtrack album. After two weeks of writer-strike-imposed reruns of his late-night talk show, Jimmy Kimmel returned to live TV as host of the three-hour ceremony, broadcast live on ABC from the new Nokia Theatre in downtown Los Angeles. The show's basic script was written before the strike began last week, but there were no writers to provide Kimmel with his trademark quips about current events. One comedy bit came straight from September. Kid Rock spoofed his fistfight with rocker Tommy Lee at MTV's Video Music Awards, telling Kimmel, "You're in my seat," before pretending to fight the host. Kimmel said the Writers Guild of America strike prevented him from writing any jokes for the show. He apologized to the crowd for having to tolerate "made-up jokes." Now in its 35th year, the American Music Awards honor poprock, country, soul-rhythm & blues, rap-hip hop, Latin, alternative, soundtracks, adult contemporary and contemporary inspirational music. Nominees were selected based on national sales and radio play. For the first time in show history, winners were chosen by public votes cast online.