Download The Civil War Notes

What
was the course of the
Civil War?
What were its political, social,
and economic ramifications?


To understand the development and progress of the Civil
War

To investigate key turning points in the Civil War in New
York State and United States history and explain why
these events or developments are significant

To map information about people, places, and
environments

To describe the relationships between people and
environments and the connections between people and
places

To identify and collect economic information related to
the Civil War from standard reference works,
newspapers, periodicals, computer databases,
textbooks, and other primary and secondary sources
The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens
The Confederate “White House”
The Confederate Seal
MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”
A Northern View of Jeff
Davis
Overview
of
the North’s
Civil War
Strategy:
“Anaconda”
Plan
 Anaconda
Plan

Surround the South, cut off their supply lines
and suffocate them.

Blockade eastern seaboard

Control Mississippi River

Invade Richmond, the Confederate Capital.
The “Anaconda” Plan
 War

of attrition
Fight until the Union got tired of fighting
 Don’t
invade the North, defend their own
turf.
 Get
England to support them
 1st
Union attack on the South
 July 1861
 Gen.
“Stonewall” Jackson led the
Confederates to victory in the
battle
 Bull



Run shows 3 things :
Both sides need more training
War would be longer than thought
War would be very bloody
 September,
1862
 Battle in Maryland
 Confederate General – Robert E Lee –
makes first move at attacking the north on
Union territory
 Draw- no true winner
(south retreats- north does
not follow)
 Bloodiest
day in US History
23,000 troops (N & S)
Killed or wounded

Confederate dead from Antietam
 The
Civil War began as a war to save the
Union NOT to end slavery
 Lincoln
feared that if he ended slavery the
border states would also leave the union
 Lincoln
was initially hesitant about passing
a law to free the slaves.


Feared it would force border states to secede
from the United States?
WHY?
 January
1, 1863 Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation
 Emancipate = to set free
What is Lincoln saying is his primary
goal in this quote?
 In
his proclamation Lincoln states that all
persons held in slavery in the Confederate
States shall be free

Thinking Time!


Did Lincoln free all the slaves?
Did Lincoln have the power to make this
proclamation?
 Results

Union now has two reasons for fighting:

Save the Union (bring the Southern States back)

End slavery in ALL states

 It

of Emancipation Proclamation
Britain would not help out the Confederacy if they
were now fighting to preserve slavery.
really did not free ANY slaves
Lincoln has no power to make laws for CSA- a
separate country and government.
 Thinking
Time!
 How would the Emancipation Proclamation
affect you if…

You owned slaves in Texas ?

You were a slave in Maryland?

You were an abolitionist in New York?

You were a slave in Georgia?
 189,000
served in army/navy
 Served
in segregated units led by white
generals
 Received
less pay than white soldiers
 Not
all Americans agreed or took sides
 Division

Not all citizens supported secession

Held protests in Georgia and North Carolina
 Division


in the South
in the North
Many opposed Emancipation Proclamation
Copperheads- Northern Democrats who
opposed Lincoln
 Habeas
corpus= right to told of charges if
arrested and being held. Cannot be
unlawfully detained.
 Both
Lincoln and Jefferson Davis
suspended habeas corpus to silence
opponents of their plans.
 Both
sides had problems with soldiers
deserting.
 Needed
more soldiers to fight in battle
 Instituted
military draft for males between
18-35 to serve in military for 3 years.
 Many
wealthy citizens were able to buy
their way out of service.

War nicknamed- “the poor man’s war.”
 North-
government instituted the first
income tax.
 Inflation Inflation

costs of goods rise.
in the South
Severe shortage of goods led to increasing
prices.

Pair of shoes went from $18 to $800
 Replaced
men in factories
 Ran businesses
 Ran family farms and plantations in the
South
 Became nurses for the military.

Clara Barton- nurse who started the Red Cross.
 By
1863, hundreds of thousands dead and
wounded.
 Union
won in 1862 at Antietam but could
not knock the South out.

Lincoln attributed this to poor leadership.


Lincoln fires McClelland and replaces him with
Burnside.
Seemed to be no end in sight.
 Knows
McClellan was fired for being too
cautious so he decides to invade the South.

Loses battles against Lee at Fredericksburg.

Lincoln turns to General Joseph Hooker.

Hooker and Union get slaughtered at
Chancellorsville

Lose badly but kill Confederate General Stonewall
Jackson.
 Lee
grew bolder after victories at
Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville.
 Believed
that a Confederate victory in the
North would force surrender.
 June
1863- Lee’s troops cross Mason-Dixon
line into Pennsylvania

The Union Army led by General Meade follow
behind…
 The
South needs to win in the North in
order to win the war- hurt Union morale
 Gen
Lee attacks the Union July 1863
outside the town of Gettysburg, PA (again
attacking on Union land)
 South
had plan to charge the Union troops
 Pickett’s
Charge was a huge failure
 Lee
is forced to retreat Confederate troops
back to the south
 Union
wins the 3 day battle
 Gettysburg
the war
is known as the turning point of
 In
November of 1863, the town of
Gettysburg dedicated a cemetery for the
Union soldiers who died at Gettysburg
Battle
 President


Lincoln attended
Gave a 2 min speech
called Gettysburg Address
Union General Grant wants to destroy the
South’s ability to fight in the war for much
longer
 Total War Plan
 Destroy food, equipment, and anything else
that would help south fight
 Change in how war was fought
 Not just soldiers anymore- now civilians
also suffered

 Part
of Grants Total War Plan
 1864
-Sherman told to capture Atlanta, GA
then march to the Atlantic Ocean
 As
he did- Sherman set fire to much of
Atlanta and then destroyed everything and
anything in his path to the Atlantic
 Union
troops captured the Confederate
capital of Richmond – April 1865
 On
April 9, 1865 Gen. Lee surrendered to
Gen. Grant
 The
Union had won
 The
Civil War was over

4 year long war
 Thinking
Time!
 Why is Civil War deadliest war in US
History?
 Reconstruction=
 Period
of rebuilding in the US after the
Civil War
 Much
of fighting took place in south- which
now has to rebuild and clean up from war
 Confederate
currency was now worthless =
economic problems
 Newly
free slaves had no land, no jobs, no
education = social problem
 Need
to find a plan to help the former
Confederate States rejoin the Union =
political problem
 Lincoln
wanted to convince Congress to
accept his plan to quickly allow the
Southern states back into the Union



Have 10% of state pledge loyalty to USA
State must abolish slavery
Reconstruction will led to new amendments ,
including an end to slavery
 It
was not to be…
 5 days after the South surrenderedLincoln was shot and killed – April 14, 1865

Shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theatre