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Greek Achievements
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Key Terms
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
reason
Socrates
Euclid
Hippocrates
The Big Idea : Ancient Greeks made lasting contributions in the
Arts, philosophy, and science.
Plato
Aristotle
Greek sculpture
is admired for
its realism
and details.
The Arts : Statues
Statues were
made of
stone or
marble.
• Greeks were master
artists.
• They were so good
because they paid
attention to fine detail.
• They also studied the
human body.
• Many of their sculptures
looked like they could
come to life.
The Arts : Paintings
• Greek paintings are
also admired for their
detail.
• Many of the painted
scenes show athletics,
their gods or scenes
from myths.
• Scenes were usually
done in red and black.
The Arts : Architecture
• The Greeks took great
care in designing their
buildings inspired by
proportions of the
human body.
• They wanted their
buildings to be a
The pillars of the Greek temples appear perfectly straight. Greeks understood that in order
reflection
of
their
city.
for pillars to appear to be straight, they needed to actually be wider in the middle.
Inside the Parthenon stood a statue of Athena.
The Parthenon
The Parthenon was
built by Pericles
for Athena, the
protector of Athens.
The Parthenon
has 46 columns.
Once a year, the people of Athens held a
festival in honor of Athena.
Socrates
Philosophy
Plato
• People began to question
gods as the reason for life
being the way it was.
• These people who
questioned life were called
philosophers.
• Philosophers believed in
the power of the human
mind the think and
explain.
Aristotle
“What is love?”
“What is courage?”
Socrates
• Socrates believed people
should never stop looking
for knowledge.
• He was a teacher who
taught people to ask
questions of life.
• He frustrated many and
was accused of
questioning the gods and
corrupting youth.
• For questioning the gods,
he was condemned to
death.
At his death, his
students watched
him calmly take
the poison and die.
The Republic discussed
the ideal society based
on justice and fairness.
Plato
I believed
philosophers should
rule because
only we understand
what was best.
• Plato was Socrates’
student.
• Plato also taught along
with being a philosopher.
• Plato had a famous school
for philosophers and
scientist to come and
discuss ideas.
• Plato wrote a famous
philosophy work, The
Republic.
Aristotle, Plato’s student,
was the greatest thinker in
Greece.
Aristotle
Aristotle was
against greed
but felt like
you shouldn’t
give away
everything you
own.
• He believed in
moderation, or finding a
balance in life.
• He believed moderation
was based on reason, or
clear and ordered thinking.
• He believed people should
think about the actions
before doing them and
predict how they will
Aristotle was a master at logic, the process of making
inferences. For example, if you know Socrates lived
affect others.
in Athens, and Athens is in Greece, Socrates must live
in Greece and possibly be Athenian.
Greeks also began recording history by writing
about it. They tried to write neutral accounts of what happened in Greece.
The Arts : Writing
• Greeks created drama
and historical writing.
• Their writing was a
large source of
entertainment.
• They performed
tragedies and
comedies, writing
about wars and
bringing light to them.
Aeschylus
and Sophocles
were among the
best tragedy
writers.
Aristophanes
was a famous
comedy
writer.
Homer
•
famous epic poet,
who wrote The
Iliad and
Odyssey
The study of flat shapes and lines is called Euclidean geometry.
Math in Ancient Greece
With math,
the Greeks led by
Eratosthenes,
were able
to measure
the size of
Earth.
• Some Greeks spent
their lives studying
math.
• Euclid (YOO-kluhd)
was one of these
people, and many
geometry rules we
study today come
from his studies.
Hypatia (hy-PAY-shuh) was another famous, Greek
Mathematician. She devoted her life to teaching her findings
to others.
Pythagoras
582-500 B.C.
• The universe could only be
understood thru numbers.
• Sun, moon, and earth revolved
around a central fire.
• Each planet produces a tone!
• Famous for the Pythagorean
Theorem: a2 + b2 = c2
Medicine in Ancient Greece
• Greeks also studied
medicine.
• They studied the human
body and how it worked.
• They tried to cure diseases
and keep people healthy.
• Hippocrates (hip-AHKruh-teez) was a great
Greek doctor who studied
what caused disease.
Today, Hippocrates is known for his ideas about how doctors should
behave. When doctors graduate medical school, the recite the Hippocratic oath.
Hippocrates
460-377 B.C.
• Founded a school of medicine
• Rejected that sickness comes
from the gods, rather natural
causes
• Careful observations of
symptoms
• Acute
• Chronic
• “Holistic” healing
• Hygiene
• Diet
• Curative powers of nature
• The Hippocratic Oath
• FIRST DO NO HARM
Hippocratic Oath
Historically Sworn (by Apollo) by Doctors
“I will prescribe treatment for the good of my patients
according to my ability . . .
And never do harm to anyone. O please no one will I
prescribe a deadly drug nor give advice which may cause
death . . .
In every house where I come I will enter only for the good of
my patients . . .
All I learn from my patients . . . I will keep secret.
If I keep this oath faithfully, may I enjoy my life and
practice my art, respected by all men and in all times.
Herodotus
484 - 425 B.C.
• “Father of History”
• Wanted not only to
learn what had
happened but WHY
it had happened
Science
The Greeks used hypotheses!
Early Greek scientists’ hypotheses were
not always correct. One of their most
famous scientists, Thales of Miletus,
believed all things were made of water.
He also believed the Earth was a disk
that floated in water.
Thales of Miletus
636-546 B.C.
• Earliest known philosopher
• Studied Egyptian and
Babylonian astronomy and
mathematics
• Believed that the universe was
controlled by fixed laws
• Basic element – water.
• Got rich with olive presses!
Athletics
Spartans and other Greeks
believed in healthy, strong
bodies.
Spartans and other Greeks believed in
healthy, strong bodies.
Some religious festivals included athletic
contests and athletes competed in boxing,
wrestling, and running, and throwing the
javelin and discus to display their skill and
strength to honor their gods.
The Olympics
The most famous Greek athletic
completion in honor of their god,
Zeus.
The Olympic Games took place every four
years in Athens. All conflicts between citystates ceased, even wars, to allow athlets
and spectators to travel and watch the
games in safety.
Women, slaves,
and foreigners
weren’t considered
citizens so they
couldn’t vote.
Democracy in Athens
• All citizens had the
right and were
Athenians would assemble urged to assemble
to participate in
the making of laws.
• Citizens gave
speeches and
debates on issues.
Athenians would debate
• After speeches
were over, voting
took place.
Athenians would vote
Warfare
In the ancient Greek world, warfare was seen as
a necessary evil of the human condition.
Whether it be small frontier skirmishes between
neighboring city-states, lengthy city-sieges, civil
wars, or large-scale battles between multialliance blocks (leagues) on land and sea, the
vast rewards of war could outweigh the costs in
material and lives, or did it?
The mainstay of any Greek army was the hoplite
and circular bronze shield
The peltast warrior, armed with short javelins and more lightlyarmored than the hoplite became a mobile and dangerous
threat to the slower moving hoplites.
The first strategy was actually employed before any fighting
took place at all. Religion and ritual were important features of
Greek life, and before embarking on campaign, the will of the
gods had to be determined.
Some states such as Athens, Aegina, Corinth,
and Rhodes amassed fleets of warships, most commonly
the trireme, which could allow these states to forge lucrative
trading partnerships and deposit troops on foreign territory
and so establish and protect colonies. They could even block
enemy harbors and launch amphibious landings.
Greek Phalanx
Greek armies changed the way they
were organized. Earlier wars mainly
consisted and man-to-man combat
and battle outcomes depended on
fights between aristocratic warrior.
Around 700 BV.C., Greeks began to use the phalanx, a
formation of heavily armed foot soldiers, who moved as
a unit. Each soldier’s shield help protect his neighbor.
Since horses were not needed in a phalanx, more men
could afford to join up as foot soldiers with just the
necessary weapons and armor. This gave more men a
place in the military and government.
Citizenship
Civic Responsibility
Citizenship gives a person both rights AND responsibilities.
Rights
Responsibilities