Download Kinesiology of Exercise Glossary

Kinesiology of Exercise Glossary
A
ABDUCTION. To move or draw away from the axis of the
body or from one of its parts.
ACROMIUM. The outer upper point of the shoulder blade,
or scapula.
ADDUCTION. To move or draw toward the axis of the body
or one of its parts.
ANKLE JOINT EXTENSION. Moving the toes (foot) away
from the body. Also called plantar flexion.
ANKLE JOINT FLEXION. Moving the toes (foot) towards
the shin. Also called dorsi flexion.
F
FASCIA. A thin layer of connective tissue connecting the
muscles of the body.
FEMUR. The large bone in the thigh extending from the
hip to the knee.
FIBULA. The slender bone in the calf extending from the
knee to the foot.
FLEXION. The bending of a joint or limb by contraction of
flexor muscles.
FLEXORS. Muscles that bend joints and pull limbs toward
the body.
FOSSA. Cavity.
FRONTAL PLANE OF MOVEMENT. Plane that lies
vertically and divides the body into anterior and posterior
parts.
FRONTAL AXIS OF MOVEMENT. Axis that is formed by
the intersection of the frontal and transverse planes
C
CARPI. The wrist or wrist bones.
CALCANEUS. Heel bone.
CERVIX. The back of the neck.
CLAVICLE. Collar bone.
COCCYX. A small triangular bone at the end of the
vertebral column.
COMPOUND EXERCISE. A multi-joint exercise.
CONDYLE. A rounded process at the end of a bone,
forming a ball-and-socket joint with the hollow part of
another bone.
CONTRACTION. The shortening or thickening of a muscle
fiber (a muscle in action).
CORACOID. Designating a rudimentary bony process on
the shoulder blade.
G
GLENOID CAVITY. The cavity on the head of the scapula
which, together with the head of the humerus, forms the
shoulder joint.
D
DISTAL RADIO-ULNAR JOINT. A radio-ulnar joint at the
wrist that is a pivot joint between the head of the ulna and
the ulna notch of the radius.
DORSI. On or along the back.
E
ELBOW JOINT EXTENSION. Moving the forearm away
from upper arm in an arm-straightening action.
ELBOW JOINT FLEXION. Moving the forearm toward the
upper arm or vice versa.
EXTENSORS. Muscles that straighten joints or some part
of the body.
H
HIP JOINT EXTENSION. Moving the leg down and back
to the anatomical straight-line position from a hip-flexed
position.
HIP JOINT FLEXION. Moving the thigh forward at the hip.
HIP JOINT ABDUCTION. Moving one leg from the midline of the body out towards the side of the body .
HIP JOINT ADDUCTION. Moving one leg toward the
other leg (toward the mid-line of the body) from an out-tothe-sides position.
HIP JOINT LATERAL ROTATION. Rotation of the femur
outward (away from the other leg).
HIP JOINT MEDIAL ROTATION. Rotation of the femur
inward (toward the other leg).
HUMERUS. The bone extending from the shoulder to the
elbow.
HYPEREXTENSION. Extension beyond the anatomical
straight line position of a joint.
I
ILIUM. One of the bones in the pelvic girdle.
INGUINAL. The groin.
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Kinesiology of Exercise Glossary
K
KNEE JOINT EXTENSION. Moving the shin away
from the back of the thigh or vice versa.
KNEE JOINT FLEXION. Moving the back of the shin
towards the back of the thigh or vice versa.
L
LINEA ALBA. The tendinous strip, about one inch
wide, separating the right and left halves of the rectus
abdominous.
LORDOSIS. A slight arch.
LUMBAR. The part of the back just below the thoracic
region.
M
METACARPUS. The part of the hand consisting of the
five bones between the wrist and the fingers.
MIDDLE RADIO-ULNAR JOINT. A slightly movable
ligamentous radio-ulnar joint at the forearm.
MUSCLE INSERTION. The ends of skeletal muscles
are attached to two different bones, only one of which
moves when the muscle contracts. The insertion is
where the muscle meets the bone that does move.
MUSCLE ORIGIN. The ends of skeletal muscles are
attached to two different bones, only one of which
moves when the muscle contracts. The origin is where
the muscle meets the bone that does not move.
P
PATELLA. Kneecap.
PELVIS. Formation of bones supporting the spinal
column and resting upon the legs.
PELVIC GIRDLE. The collection of pelvic bones - the
ilium, ischium, pubis, coccyx and sacrum.
PLANTAR. The sole of the foot.
PRONATED GRIP. A grip with the palms of the hands
facing down or in.
PRONATION. Rotating the forearm so that the hand is
turned palm down.
PRONE. Lying face downward.
PROXIMAL RADIO-ULNAR JOINT. A radio-ulnar joint
at the elbow that is a pivot joint between the head of
the radius and the radial notch of the ulna.
PUBIS. One of the bones in the pelvic girdle.
R
RADIAL FLEXION. Moving the thumb side of the hand
away from the body when the arm is in the anatomical
position, that is, when the palm faces forward.
RADIO-ULNAR JOINT. A combination of the proximal
(elbow), middle and distal (wrist) radio-ulnar joints.
RADIUS. The shorter and thicker bone of the two
bones of the forearm, on the same side as the thumb.
RIB. Any of the arched bones attached to the vertebral
column and inclosing the chest cavity.
N
NEUTRAL GRIP. A grip with the palms of the hands
facing each other.
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Kinesiology of Exercise Glossary
S
SACRUM. A large triangular bone in the pelvic girdle.
SAGITAL AXIS OF MOVEMENT. Axis formed by the
intersection of the sagital and transverse planes.
SAGITAL PLANE OF MOVEMENT. Plane that lies
vertically and divides the body into left and right parts.
SCAPULA. Shoulder blade.
SHOULDER GIRDLE. The clavicle and scapula.
SHOULDER GIRDLE ELEVATION. Raising the
shoulder girdle upward.
SHOULDER GIRDLE DEPRESSION. Lowering the
shoulder girdle downward.
SHOULDER JOINT EXTENSION. Moving the arm
down and to the rear.
SHOULDER JOINT FLEXION. Moving the arm upward
and in front of the body.
SHOULDER JOINT ABDUCTION. Moving the arm
sideward and upward away from the body.
SHOULDER JOINT ADDUCTION. Moving the arm
sideward and downward towards the body.
SHOULDER JOINT HORIZONTAL EXTENSION.
Moving the arm horizontally from the front of the body
towards the side. Also called shoulder joint horizontal
abduction.
SHOULDER JOINT HORIZONTAL FLEXION. Moving
the arm horizontally towards the front of the body. Also
called shoulder joint horizontal adduction.
SHOULDER JOINT HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION.
Moving the arm horizontally from the front of the body
towards the side.
SHOULDER JOINT HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION.
Moving the arm horizontally towards the front of the
body.
SHOULDER JOINT LATERAL ROTATION. Rotation
of the humerus outward.
SHOULDER JOINT MEDIAL ROTATION. Rotation of
the humerus inward.
SPINAL COLUMN. Backbone.
SPINAL EXTENSION. Return from a position of flexion
to the anatomical position of the spine.
SPINAL FLEXION. Forward bending of the spine.
SPINAL LATERAL FLEXION. Bending sideways to the
right or left.
STERNUM. Breast bone.
SUPINATED GRIP. A grip with the palms of the hands
facing up or out.
SUPINATION. Rotating the forearm so that the hand is
turned palm up.
SUPINE. Lying on the back with face upward.
SYMPHYSIS. The growing together of bones originally
separate as in the two pubic bones.
T
THORAX. Rib cage.
TIBIA. The large bone in the calf extending from the
knee to the foot.
TRANSVERSE PLANE OF MOVEMENT. Plane that
lies horizontally and divides the body into top and
bottom parts
TRUNK. The body not including the head or limbs.
TROCHANTER. A prominence or process on the upper
part of the femur serving for the attachment of muscles .
The greater trochanter is situated on the outer side of
the femur and the lesser trochanter is situated on the
inner side of the femur.
TUBERCLE. A knob like elevation on the bone.
U
ULNA. The larger of the two bones of the forearm, on
the side opposite the thumb.
ULNA FLEXION. Moving the little finger side of the
hand towards the body when the arm is in the
anatomical position, that is, when the palm faces
forward.
V
VERTEBRAE. A single bone or segment of the spinal
column.
VERTICAL AXIS OF MOVEMENT. Axis formed by the
intersection of the sagital and frontal planes.
W
WRIST JOINT ABDUCTION. Moving the thumb side of
the hand away from the body when the arm is in the
anatomical position, that is, when the palm faces
forward. Also called radial flexion.
WRIST JOINT ADDUCTION. Moving the little finger
side of the hand towards the body when the arm is in
the anatomical position, that is, when the palm faces
forward. Also called ulna flexion.
WRIST JOINT EXTENSION. Moving the back side of
the hand towards the posterior surface of the forearm.
WRIST JOINT FLEXION. Moving the palm side of the
hand towards the forearm.
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Kinesiology of Exercise ebooks based on the work of Dr. Michael Yessis
Volume 1 - The Ankle Joint
Volume 2 - The Knee Joint
Volume 3 - The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle
Volume 4 - Combination Exercises
Volume 5 - The Spine: The Abdominals
Volume 6 - The Spine: Lower Back Muscles
Volume 7 - The Shoulder Joint
Volume 8 - The Elbow Joint
Volume 9 - The Radio-Ulnar Joint
Volume 10 - The Wrist Joint
Volume 11 - Combined Shoulder and Arm Exercises
Bonus 1 – Introduction to Biomechanics
Bonus 2 – Training Factors
Bonus 3 – Training Recommendations
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