Download talent-guide - WordPress.com

1
+2 BIOLOGY
PART – 2 BIO – ZOOLOGY
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MALARIA
1.
2.
3.
4.
TERTIAN (or) BENIGN TERTIAN (or) VIVAX MALARIA=Plasmodium vivax
QUARTAN MALARIA is caused by Plasmodium malariae
MILD TERTIAN (or) OVALE MALARIA is caused by Plasmodium ovale
MALIGNANT TERTIAN (or) PERNICIOUS MALARIA ( A FATAL MALARIA) is caused by
Plasmodium falciparum.
Examples for AUTOIMMUE DISEASES are
1. Insulin - dependent diabetes
2. Multiple sclerosis
3. Rheumatoid arthritis
4. Myasthenia gravis
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
DIARY PURPOSE CATTLE BREEDS are
SAHIWAL
SINDHI (Red sindhi or red Karachi)
GIR (KATHIAWARHI, SURTI)
UMBLACHERY
KARAN SWISS
DEONI
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 DUAL PURPOSE CATTLE BREEDS are
1. HARIANA
2. ONGOLE
3. THARPARKER
4. KANKREJ
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 DRAUGHT PURPOSE CATTLE BREED
are
1. AMRITMAHAL
2. KANGEYAM (Kanganad, kongu)
3. MALVI
4. SIRI
5. HALLIKAR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Maximum milk yield by cattles [per lactation season] are
1. SINDHI
-----
5,443 kg
2. GIR
-----
3,715 kg
3. ONGOLE
-----
1700 kg—3500 kg
2
4. KANGAYAM
-----
about 666 kg
5. JERSY
-----
4,950 kg (with Milk Fat 5%)
6. Cross breed (of Jersy with sindhi & Hariyana) --- morethan 2000 kg.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*Cattle Diseases Caused by Bacteria
*Viral diseases of cattle
1.Anthrax
1.Cow pox
2. Haemorrhagic septicaemia
2. Foot and mouth diseases
3. Matitis
3. Rinderpest
4.Tuberculosis.
___________________________________________________________________
*NON contagious diseases
1. Milk fever (due to inability to assimilate calcium from the feed )
2. Constipation
___________________________________________________________________
*DIFFERENT VIRUSES
1. Oncogenic viruses or Cancer causing viruses are Adeno viruses, poliama virus ,simian
viruses 40 (SV40), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (a herpes virus).
*ONCOGENIC RNA VIRUSES ------ ROUS SARCOMA VIRUS
*Examples for primary (central lymphoidal organs
1. Bone marrow (in mammals)
2. Thymus (in mammals)
3. Bursa of fabricius (in birds)
___________________________________________________________________
3
*Examples for secondary (peripheral)lymphoidal organs
1. Spleen
2. Lymph nodes
3. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)
*OTHER ORGANS OF IMMUE SYSTEM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
PEYER’S PATCHES (Lymphoidal tissues in the gut)
APPENDIX
TONSILS
SALIVARY GLANDS
TEAR GLANDS
COLOSTRUMS (secretion of the lacatating breast of the mother)
___________________________________________________________________
*BOOKS AND AUTHORS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Philosophie Zoologique was published by JEAN BAPTISTE DE LAMARCK
Genetics and the Origin of species 1937 was published by Th.DOBZHANSKY
Process of organic evolution was published by 1971 G.L.STEBBINS.
The origin of species was published by Charles Darwin.
*OTHER NAMES
1. Carbohydrates
----- polyhydroxyaldehydes or ketones
2. Vitamin B6
----- Pyridoxine
3. Intestinal juice
----- succus entericus
4. Open fracture
----- compound fracture
5. Osteoarthiritis
----- osteoarthrosis
6. Metabolic arthiritis ----- Gout
7. Biscuspid value
----- Mitral value
8. Blood platelets
----- thrombocytes
9. Neutrophils
----- polymorphonuclear neutrophils
10. Clotting of blood
----- Haemostasis
11. Gulf lf Mannar Biosphere reserve
---–
Biologists paradise
12. Dialyser
----- Artificial kidney
13. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) ----- Bubble boy syndrome.
14. Mobile genetic elements
----- Transposons
15. Genetically engineered bacteria
----- SUPERBUGS
16. Population explosion ----- population Bomb or population Trap
17.Global warning
-----
Green house effect
4
18.Biogas
19.Genetic drift
---------
20.Sino atrial node
21.Hyperthyroidism
---------
22.Glucagon
23.Adrenalin
24.Cortisone
25.Alzheimer’s disease
26.Myopia
27.Hypermetropia
28.Malphigian body
29.Prodigality of nature
---------------------------------
gobar gas
Sewal wright effect or Founder principle or
Bottleneck effect
pace maker of the heart
Thyrotoxicosis or Grave’s disease or
Expothalmic goiter
Hyperglycemic hormone
Fight, Flight and Fright hormone
Anti-inflammatory agent
CHRONIC BRAIN SYNDROME
short-sightedness
Long –sightedness
Biolgical filter
Over production.
*FISH FACTS
1. The tastest fish among the carps is Labeo rohita
2. A fast growing species among the Indian major carps is catla catla
3. An exotic fish introduced in India from East coast of Africa (1952) is Oreochromis
mossambicus.
4. In Tilapia, female keeps the fertilized eggs guarded in its mouth.
*HORSES AND EVOLUTION
1. Name of the modern horses
----- EQUUS
2. Name of the small ancestral forms of horses ----- HYDRA COTHERIUM (OR) EOHIPPUS
*PRODIGALITY OF NATURE (OR) OVER PRODUCTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A SINGLE FEMALE SAMAN FISH ----- produce 28000000 eggs ----- per season
Oyster of the atlantic coast
----- 80 million eggs
----- in one season.
During breeding season ovaries of cord fish contain
----- 10 million eggs
English sparrow ----- 275 billion descendents ----- in 10 years.
Elephant (breed start at 30 years and end in 90 years)produce 6 youngones in its life
time. `
------ 19 million elephants in 750 years.
5
Part – 1 Bio-Botany
*DISEASES AND PATHOGEN
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Blast disease of rice is caused by Pyricularia oryzae.
Tikka disease of groundnut is caused by Cercospora personata.
Citrus canker is caused by Xanthomonas citri
Tungro disease of rice is caused by Rice Tungro Virus
digitaria marginata is secondary host for the fungus Pyricularia oryzae.
*BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
1. Introduced by GASPARD BAUHIN (1623)
2. Suggested or used by CAROLUS LINNAEUS (SWEDISH BOTANIST)
*BOOKS AND AUTHORS
1. Species plantarum was written by Carolus Linnaeus.
2. Genera plantarum, was publishged by George Bentham and Sir Joseph Dalton hooker.
3. Die Naturlichen Pflanzen Familien published by Adolf Engler and Karl Prantl.
*PLANT HORMONES
1. First discovered plant hormone in Auzin
2. IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid ) and PAA (Phenyl acetic acid) are NATURAL AUXIN.
3. Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-D(2,4-Dicholophenoxy acetic acid are
SYNTHETIC AUXIN.
4. Apical dominance is due to AUXIN
5. AUXIN prevents abscission
6. Bolting (sudden elongation of stem followed by flowering) is done by Gibberellin
7. Bakanae disease or foolish seedling disease is caused by Gibberellic acid or Gibberellin.
8. 2,4-D is used to eradicate weeds in the field
9. Bakanae disease is caused by a fungus called Gibberella fujikuroi
10.Richmond lang effect( delays the process of ageing in plants) is effected by CYTOKININ
11.ETHYLENE IS A GASEOUS HORMONE
12.ETHYLENE IS INVOLVED IN THE RIPENING OF FRUITS
13.Abscisic acid causes closure of stomata
6
14.Cytokinin stimulates cell division
15.Gibberellin breaks dormancy in potato tubers
16.KINETIN (herring fish) and ZEATIN (zea mays) are the cytokinins.
*RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT
1. Respiratory quotient of a Carbohydrate is 1
2. Respiratory quotient of an Organic acid (Malic acid) is 1.33 (more than 1)
3. Respiratory quotient of Fatty acid (Palmitic acid) is 0.36(less than 1)
4. Respiratory quotient for Anaerobic respiration is Infinity
*ANEUPLOIDY
1. HYPOPLOIDY
1. 2n-1 = MONOSOMY
2. 2n-2 = NULLISOMY
2.HYPERPLOIDY
1. 2n+1 = TRISONY
2. 2n+2 = TETRANSOMY
*C3 PLANTS
1. Rice
2. Wheat
3. Potato
*C4 PLANTS
3. tribulus
4. Amaranthus
*LONG DAY PLANTS
1. Wheat
2. Oats
*DAY NEUTRAL PLANTS
1. Sunflower (Helianthus)
2. Maize
*SHORT DAY PLANTS
1. Tobacco
2. Chrysanthemum
1. maize
2. sugarcane
*PHOTOPERIODISM -PHOTOPERIODIC RESPONSE IN FLOWERING WAS FIRST OBSERVED IN
*Maryland Mammoth variety of tobacco
* PARASITIC PLANT
1. CUSCUTA is a TOTAL PARASITE
7
2.
3.
4.
5.
VISCUM is a PARTIAL PARASITE
VANDA is a EPIPHYTE
DROSERA is a INSECTIVOROUS PLANT
MONOTROPA is a SAPROPHYTIC ANGIOSPERMS
*PLANTS AND FAMILY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Acalypha indica
----Aegle marmelos
----Cissus quadrangularis
----Mimosa pudica
----Solanum nigrum
----ORYZA SATIVA
----Arachis hy;pogea
----GOSSYPIUM, BARHADENSE
TECTONA GRANDIS
-----
EUPHORBIACEAE
RUTACEAE
VITACEAE
MIMOSACEAE
solanaceae
POALCEAE
FABACEAE
------ MALVACEAE
VERBENCEAE
*PERCENTAGE OF RNA
1. m RNA = about 3-5%
2. T RNA = about 15%
3. r RNA = about 80%
*t RNA made up to 73 to 93 ribonucleotides
*there are more than 70 tRNA found in Bacterial cell
*TRANSGENIC PLANTS (more than 50 plants were developed)
Examples for TRANGENIC DICOT PLANTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Nicotiana tobacum (tobacco)
Beta vulgaris (beet root)
Glycine max(soya beans)
Helianthus annuus(sun flower)
Solanum tuberosum(potato)
6. Gossypium hirsutum(cotton)
TRANGENIC MONOCOT PLANTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
*SUPER BUGS
*it is a bacterium with hybrid plasmid (CAM and OCT)
ASPARAGUS SPECIES
ORYZA SATIVA (PADDY)
ZEA MAYS(MAIZE)
AVENA SATIVA(OATS)
8
*Pseudomonas putida is an engineered bacterium, that can DIGEST CRUDE OIL SLICK
*it was developed by ANAND MOHAN CHAKRABARTY (1979)
*THIS BACTERIUM HELPS IN BIOREMEDIATION
*ENZYMES
1. DNA LIGASE (GENETIC PASTE ) IS USED TO JOIN TWO DNA FRAGEMENTS TOGETHER.
2. Restriction endonuclease can cut DNA at specific places. So called as molecular
scissors.
3. Restriction endonuclease only produced by BACTERIA
4. Each restriction enzyme cleaves a molecule only at NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE.
5. The restriction enzyme ECORI(or) (E-coli restriction enzyme I) produced by the
intestinal bacterium.
6. Cell wall of bacteria can be altered and digested by cellulose.
7. Interleukin stimulates the proliferation of WBC
8. Rennin inhibitors decreases blood pressure.
*GENETIC RATIO
1. Expected Dihybrid test cross ratio is 1:1:1:1
2. LINKAGE RATIO -------COUPLING RATIO IS 7:1:1:7
REPULSION RATIO IS 1:7:7:2
*instrument ------- LEVER AUXANOMETER
*AN INSTRUMENT MEASURE THE RATE OF GROWTH OF PLANTS.
*ABSENT CASES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Phloem parenchyma is absent in Monocots.
Ovary is absent in Gymnospermae.
Epicalyx is absent in Abutilon indicum.
Intercellular spaces absent in Meristematic cells.
Nucleus is absent in matured sieve tube
Cuticle and stomata are absent in dicot and monocot root.
In passage cells, casparian strips are absent
Centromere and Telomere absent in Double Minute chromosomes.
9
*TERMS COINED
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The term chromosome was coined and introduced by WALDEYER (!888)
The term Gene was coined by JOHANNSEN (1909)
The term MUTATION was coined by HUGO DEVRIES(1901)
The term SPORTS was coined by Charles Darwin for mutation.
The term vernalization was introduced by T.D.LYSENKO (1920)
*OTHER NAMES
1. Artificial system of plant classification is also known as SEXUAL SYSTEM OF
CLASSIFICATION.
2. PLANT TAXONOMY is otherwise known as SYSTEMATIC BOTANY.
3. Biosystematics also called as TAXONOMY OF LIVING POPULATIONS
4. Xylem fibres are also called LIBRIFORM FIBRES.
5. Phloem fibres are also called Bast fibres.
6. Pith is also called as Medulla.
7. Photorespiration is also called as C2 cycle.
8. Drosera is also called as sundew plant
9. ATP is called as Energy currency of the cell. Glycolysis is also called EMP pathway.
10.Mitochondria are called as power houses of the cell.
11.Krebs cycle is also called as TCA cycle or amphibolic process.
12.CODIAEUM VARIEGATUM is commonly called as CROTON OF GARDENS.
13.Hugo de vries observed Mutation in Oenothera lamarckiana.
*UNITS OF GENES
1. CISTRON is an unit of FUNCTION.
2. RECON is the unit of
RECOMBINATION
3. MUTON is the unit of MUTATION.
*unit of genetic map is MORGAN (OR)
CENTI MORGAN
*TRADE NAMES
1. Acalypha indica ---- Indian acalypha
2. Aegle marmelos ----- bear fruit.
3. Cissus quadrangularis ----- hadjor
(BONE JOINER)
10
*EXAMPLES FOR COLLENCHYMA (TYPES)
1. ANGULAR COLLENCHYMA found in Datura and Nicotiana
2. LAMELLAR COLLENHYMA found in HELIANTHUS
3. LACUNATE COLLENCHYMA found in IPOMOEA
TYPES OF PARENCHYMA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
AERENCHYMA FOUND IN Nymphae AND Hydrilla (Aquatic plants or Hydrophytes)
Storage parenchyma found in stem and root tubers
STELLATE parenchyma (STAR shaped) found in petioles of banana and canna.
Pith made up of parenchyma.
Pallisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma are found in the mesophyll.
Border parenchyma found in the bundle sheath of dicot leaf.
*Sclereids
1. Brachy sclereids (Stone cells) are found in PULP OF PYRUS.
2. Macro sclereids (red cells) are found in outer SEED COAT OF CROTALARIA.
3. Osteo sclereids (Bone cells0 are found in seed coat of pisum sativum (garden pea)
IMPORTANT SPECIAL FACTS TO BE REMEMBER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
First man made cereal is TRITICALE (hexaploid,42 chromosome)
Antiviral protein which resist viruses in INTERFERON
Tetraploid corn rich with vitamin A
PEG (polyethylene glycol) is a fusogenic agent used in protoplasmic fusion.
Crossing over takes place in PACHYTENE STAGE of prophase I of meiosis
Intellectual property protection (IPP) and intellectual property rights (IPR) are the
two facets of BIO-PATENCY.
7. SAKE----- is an Alcoholic beverage made by fermentation of rice in Japan.
8. An example for dorsi-ventral leaf is DICOT(sun flower)
9. An example for Isobilateral leaf is MONOCOT(grass)
10.Bicollateral vascular bundles are found in CUCURBITACEAE
11.Amphicibral concentric vascular bundles are found in POLYPODIUM
12.Amphivasal concentric vascular bundles are found in ACORUS
13.Glycolysis occurs at CYTOPLASM
14.Electron transport chain occurs at Inner membrane of mitochondria
11
15.BIO-DIESEL is extracted from Jatropha curcas
16.MAGNESIUM is an essential component for the formation of chlorophyll.
17.Inner most layer of the cortex is ENDODERMIS (Homologous to starch sheath in
dicot stem.)
18.Carolus Linnaeus is a Swedish Botanist
19.Metacentric chromosomes are v-shaped
20.Submetacentric chromoseomes are L-shaped
21.Telocentric and acrocentric chromosomes are Rod shaped
22.Root hairs are produced from the short cells called Trichoblasts.
23.Largest Herbarium is Herbarium of Royal Botanical Garden, kew, London, Englant
(more than 60,00,000 specimets)
24.In Bentham and hooker’s classification of plants the present day ORDERS were
referred to as COHORTS and FAMILIES as ORDERS.
25.Gene mutation is also called point mutation (observed in Cicer gigas)
26.In Bentham and hooker’s classification described about 97,205 species of seed
plants in 202 orders.
27.The family included under the series unisexuals is EUPHORBIACEAE
28.Carolus Linnaeus divided plants into 24 classes
29.Solanaceae is placed under the order POLEMONIALS.
30.Peristant and bell shaped calyx is found in Solanum melongena (brimjal)
31.In Solanum Xanthocarpum, the midrib and veins are found with yellow with
spines.
32.Cladode is found in EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI and EUPHORBIA ANTIQUORUM.
33.The characteristic inflorescence of euphorbia is CYTHIUM
34.In euphorbia, each male flower is represented by single stamen.
35.MIC (METHYL ISO CYANATE) is the gas responsible for BHOPAL TRAGEDY in DEC
1984
36.Artificial insulin is produced by genetic manipulation with E.coli plasmid
37.PYRETHRUM is an insecticide extracted from the inflorescence of
chrysanthemum(Family Asteraceae)
38. r RNA are the most stable form of RNA
39.RNA is universally present in all organisms except in DNA viruses.
40.International code of Botanical nomenclature was adopted from 1978 (ICBN)
1930=5th international Botanical congress was held tr Cambridge. 1975 July= 12th
meeting held at Leningrad,USSR.
12
41.Members of RANALES are the most primitive living ANGIOSPERMS.
42. Musa textiles is also known as MANILA HEMP
43.Abaca cloth is made from the fibres of MUSA TEXTILIS.
44.Traveller’s palm is Ravenala madagascariensis
45.Strelitzia reginae is commonly called as the bird of paradise flower.
46.Musa paradisiaca (banana)—its sap is used as an antidote for cobra bite.
47.Jatropha gossypifolia (leaves and roots) are used in the treatment of leprosy and
snake bite.
48.Binomial name of para rubber in HEVEA BRASILIENSIS.
49.The stipules are modified into glandular hairs in Jatropha curcas and spines in
Euphorbia splendens
50.Common name of Manihot glaziovii is monicoba rubber
51.Anticancerous properties are found in Catharanthus roseus of Vinca rosea.
52.Law calorie sweetner BRAZZZEIN is obtained from the Pentadiplandra
brazzeana(west Africa)
53.Substitute for tea leaves are the leaves of Ilex paraguriensis.
54.Substitute for seeds of coffee is Cola nitida.
55.VAM fungi (vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza) is an example for Endotrophic
mycorrhiza
56.Azatobacter and Azospirillum secrete antibiotics which act as bipesticides.
57.Azolla pinnata is widely employed as a successful biofertilizer in Indian rice fields.
58.Pseudomonas striata are used as seed inoculants as biofertilizer coats for cereals.
59.In monocot plants, flowers are trimeous and leaves show parallel venation.
60.SOLANUM GIGANTEUM is a tree
61.Euphorbiaceae includes more than 300 genera and Musaceae includes about 6
genera
62.Ricinus communis is a shrub
63.Phyllanthus emblica (goose berry) are rich in vitamin C
64.The gas evolved during photosynthesis in OXYGEN
*INFLORESCENCE
found in
65.Ricinus comunis is PANICLE
66.Croton sparsiflorus is SIMPLE RACEME
67.Acalypha indica is CATKIN
68.Phyllanthus amarus is SOLITARY
13
69.Euphorbia genera is CYATHIUM
70.Musa paradisiaca is BRANCHED SPADIX.
71.Ravenala is COMPOUND CYME.
72.Solanum tuberosum is HELICOID CYME
73.Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Datura metal is SOLITARY CYME
74.Oryza sativa (rice) Solanum nigrum is AXILLARY CYME
*PHYLLOTAXY OF LEAVES
75.Alternate in Hibiscus rosa-sinesis, Petunia, Datura and Ricinus communis
76. Trifoliately compound leaves are found in Hevea brasiliensis
77.Spiral in Musa, Distichous in Ravenals (the leaves are arranged in two rows on the
same sides)
78.Leaves are reduced or absent in Xerophytic species of Euphorbiaceae
FRUITS
79. In Musa, the fruit is an ELONGATED FLESHY BERRY
80.In Ravenala the fruit is CAPSULE
81.In Abelomoschus esculentus, the fruit is LOCULICIDAL CAPSULE (lady’s finger)
82.In Sida cordifolial and Abutilon indicum the fruit is SCHIZOCARP
83.In Lycopersican esculentum (tomato) the fruit is BERRY
84.Fruit is capsule in Petunia, Datura possess Spinescent capsule
85.In Ricinus, the fruit is REGMA (splits into 3 are seeded cocci)
86.In Solanum trilobatum (thoodhuvalai) the fruit is BERRY
JASMINE
87.DAY JASMINE IS CESTRUM DIURNUM.
88.NIGHT JASMINE IS CESTRUM NOCTURNUM
LATEX
89.Almost all members of EUPHORBIACEAE have latex
90.98% natural rubber is obtained from Havea brasiliensis and Manihot glaziovii.
*OTHER NAMES
1. Heterosis is also called as Hybrid vigour
14
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
NADPH2 is also called as Reducing power
t RNA is also called as soluble RNA (s RNA)
C4 pathway is otherwise called as ephiblema
Subsidiary cells are also called as accessory cells (found in sugarcane)
Respiratory cavity is also called as Sub-stomatal cavity
Z-scheme== NON CYCLIC ELECTRON TRANSPORT
Rhizodermis is also called as EPHIBLEMA
VERY SPECIAL FACTS
1. Bridges (1916) was proved that genes are carried on the chromosomes.
2. B-chromosomes are called as super numerary or accessory chromosomes which
reduces viability in maize.
3. C.G.Balbiani (1882) was discovered polytene chromosomes.
4. FLEMMING (1882) was first observed lamp brush chromosomes. It is found in
oocytes of Salamandor and in gaint nucleus of unicellular alga acetabularia.
5. Double minute chromosomes occur in cancercells which resist against drugs.
6. Zingiberaceae of monocot and Anacardiaceae of dicot are placed under
MONANDRIA.
7. Heteromerae includes 3 orders and 12 families.
8. Gnetaceae, coniferae and cycadaceae are the 3 families of gymnospermae.
9. More than two carpels are found in hetromerae.
10.Bracteoles forming a whorl outer to calyx is called EPICALYX.
NUMBER OF CARPELS
11. *Malvaceae
===5-10
*Abutilon indicum ===15-20
*Hibiscus
===5
*Datura metal
*Althaea
===10
*Ricinus and Musa ===3
===2
12.The stamen is POLYADELPHOUS (many bundles) and filaments are branched in ricinus
communis.
13.The stamen is MONADELPHOUS (single bundle) and filaments are fused to form a
staminal tube around the style.
15
14.The members of MALVACEAE have mucilaginous substance
15.Anthers are monothecous(single chamber) in Malvaceae
16.Anthers are dithecous in Solanceae, Euphorbiaceae and Musaceae.
17.The carpels are obliquely placed in the members of SOLANACEAE.
17. Anthers are RENIFORM (kidney shaped) in MALVACEAE.
MERISTEMS
18.Meristematic cells are self perpetuating
19.The change from meristematic to permanent tissue is called differentiation
20.Ground meristem gives rise to primary vascular tissues.
21.Procambium gives rise to epidermal tissue
22.3 Zones of apical meristem are PROTODERM, PROAMBIUM,GROUND MERISTEM.
23.Apical meristem is found at the tips of roots, stems & branches.
24.Intercalary meristem present in between the permanent tissues are responsible for
longation of internodes.
25.Vascular cambium and cork cambium (also called phellogen) are examples for lateral
meristem.
26.Lateral meristem found along the longitudinal axis of stem and root.
27.The cell wall of parenchyma is made up of CELLULOSE
Collenchyma is made up of CELLULOSE , HEMICELLULOSE, PECTIN
Sclerenchyma === lignin.
28.Protoderm gives rise to epidermal tissue.
29.Another protective tissue that supplants the epidermis in the roots and stems that
undergoes secondary growth in PERIDERM.
30.Casparian strips made up of suberin
31.PROTOXYLEM LACUNA is found in Monocot stem.
32.Lateral roots originates from the pericycle (Endogenous in origin)
33.Tracheids ae the imperforate cells.
34.Tracheids are chief water conducting elements in gymnosperms and pteridophytes.
35.Simple perforation plate is found in Mangifera.
36. Multiple perforation plate is found in Liriodendron.
37.Companion cells are found only in Angiosperms.
16
38.Gnetum, an exceptional gymnosperm which possess vessel
39.Conjuctive tissue in monocot root is SCELERENCHYMATOUS and dicot root is
PARENCHYMATOUS (maize)
40.Hypodermis is absent in the roots of land plants.
41.Vascular bundle in the leaf is CONJOINT, COLLATERAL AND CLOSED.
42.Vascular bundle in the dicot stem is CONJOINT, COLLATERAL OPEN & ENDARCH
43.Vascular bundle in the monocot stem is CONJOINT, COLLATERAL, ENDARCH and
CLOSED.
44.In calvin cycle CO2 acceptor is RUBP.
LAST MINUTE REVISION FACTS
Sesbania, Acacia, indigofera, Glycine, Cassia and Crotalaria are used as green manure.
1. Dark respiration is the function of MITOCHONDRIA.
2. A toxic protein called DELTA ENDOTOXIN (with insecticidal property )is produced by
Bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis.
3. The natural system of classification was published by Bentham and Hooker.
4. Complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose yields 38 ATP.
5. ALGAE SOURCES for single cell protein (SCP) are chorella,spirulina and
chlamydomonas.
6. BACTERIA sources for SCP arte Pseudomonas and Alkaligenes
7. FUNGI sources for SCP are Saccharomyces, Cereviseae (yeast) Volvoriella and Agaricus
compestris.
8. Colchicines is the chemical used to induce ALLPOLYPLOIDY
9. The bacterium mainly involved in transfer of foreign gene is Agrobacterium
tumefaciens.
10.Binomial name of vilvum is Aegle marmelos.
11.Crown gall disease of tomato , sunflower, brinjal and cotton is caused by
Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
12.Somatic hybrids are produced through PROTOPLASMIC FUSION.
13.Nitrogen base pair rules arte proposed by ERWIN CHARGAFF
14.Musaceae is placed in the series-epigynae.
15.The stability of the terminal part of chromosome is maintained by TELOMERE.
16.Origin of species had given stimulus for the creation of PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEM OF
CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS.
17
17.Exploitation and utilization of bio-resources from a country by several organizations
are known as BIO-PIRACY.
18.During CYCLIC ELECTR0N TRANSPOT only ATP is produced (Two molecules)
19.SCP prevents the accumulation of CHOLESTEROL IN HUMAN BODY.
20.In DNA, the internuclotide distance is 3.4A
21.The DNA strand completes a turn every 34A along its length .
22.CHLOROPHYLL “a” is universal and primary pigmets.
23.Anabaena, Calothrix, Gleocapsa, Lyngbya, Nostoc, Oscillatoria and Scytonema are the
CYANOBACTERIA used for artificial inoculation of rice.
24.Plants having the flowers with hypogynous condition and superior ovary with TWO
CARPELS only are placed in the taxon, BICARPELLATAE.
25.In carolus linnaeous system of classification the number of classes is ==24.
26.A typical chloroplast has 40 to 60 grana.
27.ELECTROPRORATION AND GENE GUN METHOD are the processes employed to
introduce a foreign gene into a cell
28.The botanist who introduced binomial system is GASPARD BAUHIN
29.The strongest pain killer obtained from Opium poppy is MORPHINE.
30.NITROSOMONAS is a bacterium which oxidises ammonia to NITRATE.
31.The number of sex hromosomes found in human diploid cell is Two(2)
32.Among the constituents of xylem, the LIVING TISSUE is XYLEM PARENCHYMA.
33.The tissue present in all organs of plant is PRENCHYMA.
34.Substrate level phosphorylation does not occur in oxidative decarboxylation of
pyruvic acid , but occurs in GLYCOLYSIS and in KREBS CYCLE.
35.In tissue culture formation of roots from the callus in called RHIZOGENESIS.
36.In photorespiration, the organelle in which two molecules of glycine combine to form
serine in MITOCHONDRIA.
37.QUININE is an antimalarial drug.
38.The hormone synthesized in large amounts by tissues undergoing ageing is ETHYLENE.
39.DICKENS(1938) discovered PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY or hexose
monophosphate pathway or Direct Oxidation pathway.
40.In maize (monocot) the conjuctive tissue is made up of SCLRENCHYMA.
41.PLANTS HAVING FLOWERS WITH CONICAL THALAMUS RE PLACED IN THALAMIFLORAE.
42.Lethal mutation is reported in SORGHUM, deletion mutation is reported in
BACTERIOPHAGES. Bio chemical mutation is reported in Nuerospora.
43. The entire shoot system of PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS is used to treat Jaundice.
18
44.A lowly bacterium that is found in the bowels of man is Escherichia coli.
45.Enriched vitamin tablets are produced from the SPIRULINA FOR HUMAN
CONSUMPTION
46.Xylulose phosphate is a 5C compound.
47.Mimosine an alkaloid is extracted from the Mimose pudica
48.The organomercuric compound has been suggested for controlling blast.
49.Lining layer of cytoplasm with no nucleus is the salient features of sieve tube element.
50.The re-entry of water from Xylem to cortex is prevented by Casparaian strips.
51.The ability of a living Cell to develop into an entire organism is called TOTIPOTNCY.
52.ARACHIS HYPOGEA (GROUND NUT) BELONGS TO THE FAMILY FABACEAE.
53.The binomial name of milk bush is Euphorbia tirucalli
54.Sieve plate of phloem tissue is blocked by CALLOSE.
55.Root hairs are developed from trichoblasts.
56.Basta is an example for HERBICIDE.
57.Virus free germplasm are produced through APICALMERISTEM CULTURE in banana
58.Artificial synthetic seeds are produced through SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS
59.Photolysis of water occurs for chemosynthetic autotrophs which oxidizes H2S to
sulphur and water.
60.Mental and Physical stress relaxing drug’s of perianth.
61.Schizanthus pinnatus possess zygomorphic flower in Solanaceae.
62.Tuberous root of monocot esulenta is rich in starch.
63.Decumbent stem is seen in Malva rotundifolia
64.The bacterium that has Ti plasmid is Agrobacterium.
65.The process by which the source DNA and host DNA rejoined is called SPLICING.
66.Manducta sexta is a pest of tobacco.
67.The antisense (RNA) genes is tomato which inhibit POLYGALACTRONASE TO DELAY
THE RIPENING PROCESS.
68.Mouse-eared cress has been engineered to produce a BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTIC is
called POLYHYDROXY BUTYRATE (PHB).
69.Exposing their plantlets to the natural environment in a stepwise manner is known as
Hardening.
70.An example for aquatic ferm is Azolla which contain endophytic cyanobacterium is
called Anabaena azollae.
71.In India, Phaseolus mungo was introduced from CHINA.
72.BACITRACIN AND INSULIN reduces sugar in diabetes.
19
73.Sweet scented flower born on axillary panicle is produced by Aegle marmelos.
74.A decoction of the root obtained from this plant is used to relieve ASTHMA and
DIARROEA is mimosa pudica.
75.Streptomyces aureofaciens produe AUREOMYCIN.
76.Egyptian cotton is obtained from Gossypium barbadense
77.Bacitracin is used to treat SYPHILIS.
78.The wavelength of light is most effective for photosynthesis is 400mm-700mm.
79.The rapid growth phase in sigmoid curve is log phase.
80.One molecule of FADH2 an oxidation yields Two ATP and by NADH2 is 3 ATP molecules.
81.For red absorbing of phytochromes (730-735nm) is pfr and 660-665 nm is pr for
shortday plants (butler et al 1959)
82.In RNA thymine is replaced by uracil
83.Monotropa absorbs nourishments by Mycorrhizal roots
84.Cuscuta absorb nourishments by HAUSTORIA.
85.ADENINE ALWAYS PAIRS WITH THYMINE.
86.VANDA IS AN EPIPHYTE, which aerial roots are covered by a spongy tissue called
VELAMEN.
87.During calvin cycle for every carbon fixation 3ATP and2NADH2 are consumed (but up
to reduction 2ATP and 2NADH2consumed.)
88.ATP contains TWO HIGH FREQUENCY terminal bonds.
WISH U TO GET 14/14