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Periodic Table Mrs. Hoenshell Bellwork On a quarter sheet of paper, draw and label the parts of an atom. Add an explanation for each part. Explain how we know atoms exist. You have only 5 minutes. Atomic Structure November 14 Objective: “I will be able to identify the parts of an atom and learn the symbols and the electrons, protons and neutrons for the first 20 elements in the periodic table.” Classwork: Intro to the Periodic Table Essential Questions: How does the structure of matter and the properties of elements affect the uses of materials? How can science gain new technology by learning more about matter? What is Matter? What is Matter? • anything that has mass and takes up space • matter is made up of atoms What is an Atom? What are Subatomic Particles? What is an Atom? • the smallest unit into which matter can be divided • building blocks of all matter • comprised of a nucleus (at it’s center) and an electron cloud (surrounding the nucleus) What are Subatomic Particles? • made up of sub-atomic particles • smaller than an atom • protons • neutrons • electrons How is the Atom’s Center Formed? Protons and neutrons are grouped together to form the “center” or nucleus of an atom Notice that the electrons are not apart of the nucleus - - + - + + - Early Atom Models: What is the Rutherford Model? • mostly empty space • small, positive nucleus • contained protons and electrons scattered around the outside Early Atom Models: What is the Bohr Model? • electrons move in definite orbits around the nucleus Modern Atom Model: What is the The Electron Cloud Model? • sometimes called the wave model • spherical cloud of varying density • varying density shows where an electron is more or less likely to be What are Protons? ++ + + + + + + - - - + - - • positively charged particles (+) • help make up the nucleus of the atom • equal to the atomic number of the atom • contribute to the atomic mass • equal to the number of electrons What are Neutrons? - ++ + + + + + + - - • neutral particles; have no electric charge - - • help make up the nucleus of the atom • contribute to the atomic mass What are Electrons? ++ + + + + + + - - - - - • negatively charged particles (-) • found outside the nucleus of the atom in the electron orbits/levels • each orbit/level can hold a maximum number of electrons • 1st orbital = 2 electrons • 2nd orbital = 8 electrons • 3rd orbital = 8 electrons What are Valence Electrons? • found in the outermost energy level of the electron cloud (called the valence shell) • involved in bonding • determine the chemical properties of an element How are Atoms Described? • atomic number = number of protons • in a neutral atom, the # of protons = the # of electrons • atomic mass= the number of protons + the number of neutrons How are Atoms Described? What is Atomic Number? - - + ++ • the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom - What would be the atomic number of this atom? What is the Atomic Mass? What would be the atomic mass of this atom? • the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus • expressed in Atomic Mass Units (amu) each proton or neutron has a mass of 1 amu Building Atoms Atoms Carbon Beryllium Oxygen Lithium Sodium Protons Neutrons Electrons Building Atoms Using the whiteboard and the proton, neutron, and electron pieces, build the following atoms, and determine their atomic and mass numbers. Atoms Carbon Beryllium Oxygen Lithium Sodium Protons 6 4 8 3 11 Neutrons Electrons 6 6 5 4 8 8 4 3 12 11