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As you come in … What information do you take from this road sign? What else could it suggest? How does the language achieve this? Learning Objectives • To explore nouns and modifiers • To analyse the impact of modifiers on meaning • This lesson references the Grammatical and Morphological framework. • This framework covers the terminology about the grammatical classification of words e.g nouns, adjectives and verbs. LO: To explore nouns and noun modifiers What is a noun phrase? • Complete the code-cracker. • Write down an example of a noun phrase • You can work in pairs. • Be prepared to share what you have found. • Three minutes. LO: To explore nouns and modifiers A noun phrase is a word or group of words in a sentence that acts like a noun. You could say, "I met Joan." In this sentence the word Joan is a noun. You could replace Joan with a group of words (a phrase) and say, "I met your sister." Your sister is a phrase (a group of words without a finite verb), and it functions as a noun in the sentence. So we call it a noun phrase. LO: To explore nouns and noun modifiers • All the kids were sleeping. • The boy in the blue jeans says he'll do it. • He bought her a beautiful red dress. • Julia was thinking about her friends back home. • Will you talk with these rude people? • My dog is my best friend. • Mum baked tasty chocolate cookies. LO: To explore nouns and noun modifiers • Any word that describes a noun is called a modifier. • Define the terms “pre-modification” and “postmodification”. • Five minutes. • Be prepare to share your definitions. • Add to your notes. ***Qualifiers • Post-modification is also known as qualification; it is when extra information is added after the noun itself to add detail or clarify some aspect of it. The expensive television in the corner is being sold tomorrow. LO: To explore nouns and modifiers • Add modifiers to the following nouns: Rail Nature Door School • Be clear which are pre and which are post modifiers. • Which word class are they? (Noun, adjective, adverb etc.) • How do these modifiers affect the word’s meaning? LO: To explore nouns and modifiers Think about the type of words that are modifiers: • • • • • • Descriptive adjectives Size or distance adjective Comparative and superlative adjectives Age adjectives Colour adjectives Noun or verb modifiers (= words from other classes which do the job of an adjective) • Write these in your books and write an example for each one. • Work in groups. • Five minutes. Predicate and attributive adjectives Adjectives in the first position - before the noun - are called ATTRIBUTIVE adjectives. Those in the second position - after the noun - are called PREDICATIVE adjectives. Notice that predicative adjectives do not occur immediately after the noun. Instead, they follow a verb. the blue sea ~ the sea is blue the old man ~ the man is old happy children ~ the children are happy Postpositive adjectives • Sometimes an adjective does occur immediately after a noun, especially in certain institutionalised expressions: the Governor General the Princess Royal times past • We refer to these as POSTPOSITIVE adjectives. Postposition is obligatory when the adjective modifies a pronoun: something useful everyone present those responsible • Postpositive adjectives are commonly found together with superlative, attributive adjectives: the shortest route possible the worst conditions imaginable the best hotel available • Most adjectives can freely occur in both the attributive and the predicative positions. However, a small number of adjectives are restricted to one position only. For example, the adjective main (the main reason) can only occur in the attributive position (predicative: *the reason is main). Conversely, the adjective afraid (the child was afraid) can only occur predicatively (attributive: *an afraid child). Identify the noun phrases •The Asian economic crisis of 1997-1998 unleashed unprecedented policy and political changes in Asia. With many governments’ capacity to manage their economies discredited and the pernicious effects of the lack of protection system exposed, governments adopted transformative policy changes. •One of the great fundamental problems facing modern medicine is the seemingly inevitable emergence of resistance to drugs such as antibiotics by bacteria, or the resistance to chemotherapy by cancer cells. Write the noun phrases in your books • The Asian economic crisis of 1997-1998 unleashed unprecedented policy and political changes in Asia. With many governments’ capacity to manage their economies discredited and the pernicious effects of the lack of protection system exposed, governments adopted transformative policy changes. • •One of the great fundamental problems facing modern medicine is the seemingly inevitable emergence of resistance to drugs such as antibiotics by bacteria, or the resistance to chemotherapy by cancer cells. Pick apart the following noun phrases: • The Asian economic crisis of 1997-1998 • One of the great fundamental problems facing modern medicine • the seemingly inevitable emergence of resistance to drugs such as antibiotics by bacteria HL: To analyse the impact of modifiers on meaning Write an analysis of the two texts on the blog focusing on the use of nouns and modifiers. • Explain how the choice of nouns and the modifiers used affect the meaning of the text. • Why have they been used? • How is the writer’s (text producer’s) intention achieved? • Fifteen minutes. LO: To analyse the impact of modifiers on meaning Swap and peer review: • Have the nouns been correctly labelled? • Have the modifiers been correctly identified and linked to their effects? • Has the effect on the reader been discussed? • Has the writer’s intention been discussed?