Download biology of prokaryotes

Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SECTION 23-1 REVIEW
PROKARYOTES
VOCABULARY REVIEW Distinguish between the terms in each of the
following groups of terms.
1. halophile, thermoacidophile __________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. bacillus, coccus, spirillum ____________________________________________
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3. staphylococcus, streptococcus ________________________________________
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4. Gram-positive bacterium, Gram-negative bacterium _______________________
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MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
_____ 1. Fossil evidence indicates that the earliest prokaryotes on Earth lived about
a. 1 billion years ago.
c. 2.5 billion years ago.
b. 5 billion years ago.
d. None of the above
_____ 2. Which of the following types of bacteria would you be most likely to find in
very salty water?
a. chemoautotroph
c. cyanobacterium
b. halophile
d. thermoacidophile
_____ 3. Archaea and Bacteria are placed in separate domains because
a. Bacteria lack cell
c. proteins of Bacteria have no
membranes.
amino acids.
b. Archaea have cells walls that contain d. their rRNA sequences are
peptidoglycan
different.
_____ 4. Actinomycetes are
a. archaea that are spiral-shaped.
b. proteobacteria that cause tooth decay.
c. Gram-positive bacteria that form branching filaments.
d. Gram-negative bacteria that are photosynthetic.
_____ 5. Which of the following types of bacteria would you be most likely to find in
the human intestinal tract?
a. spirochete b. cyanobacterium
c. thermoacidophile
d. enteric bacterium
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Modern Biology
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Prokaryotes
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. Why do some bacteria retain the Gram stain while others do not?
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2. Why are nitrogen-fixing bacteria important to plants? ____________________
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3. Identify two ecologically important characteristics of cyanobacteria.
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4. Identify one beneficial and one harmful role of Gram-negative enteric bacteria
found in the human body.
_________________________________________________________________
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5. Explain how the evolution of aerobic organisms depended on a metabolic product
of cyanobacteria. ___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
6. Critical Thinking How have explorations of saltwater lakes and hydrothermal
vents on the ocean floor led biologists to revise their ideas about the origin of
eukaryotes? _______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Label each drawing below with the most
appropriate term from the following list: coccus, streptococcus, spirochete,
bacillus.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
124
Prokaryotes
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SECTION 23-2 REVIEW
BIOLOGY OF PROKARYOTES
VOCABULARY REVIEW Distinguish between the terms in each of the
following pairs of terms.
1. capsule, endospore _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. pilus, conjugation __________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. obligate anaerobe, facultative anaerobe _________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. transformation, transduction __________________________________________
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MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
_____ 1. One structure you would not find in a bacterial cell is a
a. cell wall. b.cell membrane. c.mitochondrion. d. chromosome.
_____ 2. Which of the following is not a method of movement used by bacteria?
a. gliding through a layer of slime
b. forceful expulsion of water from contractile vacuoles
c. producing a corkscrew-like motion
d. propulsion by flagella
_____ 3. Photoautotrophic bacteria obtain energy
a. from the sun.
c. by feeding on living organisms.
b. by oxidizing inorganic
d. by feeding on dead and decaying
compounds.
material.
_____ 4. Which types of bacteria can live in the presence of oxygen?
a. only obligate
c. only obligate aerobes and facultative
anaerobes
anaerobes
b. only obligate aerobes
d. all bacteria
_____ 5. The process by which two living bacteria bind together and transfer
genetic information is called
a. conjugation. b. transformation.c. transduction. d. encapsulation.
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Modern Biology
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Prokaryotes
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. Where does photosynthesis take place in a photoautotrophic bacterium?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. What is a glycocalyx, and what function does it serve? ___________________
_________________________________________________________________
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3. Name three environmental factors that affect the growth of bacteria.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. What type of genetic recombination in bacteria involves DNA transfer by viruses?
___________________________________________________
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5. Critical Thinking Why are bacterial transformation, conjugation, and
transduction not considered to be methods of reproduction? _______________
_________________________________________________________________
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STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Briefly describe the function of each
labeled structure in the drawing of a bacterial cell shown below.
1. Pilus _____________________________________________________________
2. Capsule __________________________________________________________
3. Cell wall _________________________________________________________
4. Cell membrane ____________________________________________________
5. Chromosome ______________________________________________________
6. Plasmid __________________________________________________________
7. Flagellum ________________________________________________________
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Modern Biology
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Prokaryotes
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SECTION 23-3 REVIEW
BACTERIA AND HUMANS
VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms.
1. pathology _________________________________________________________
2. exotoxin __________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. endotoxin _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. zoonosis __________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. bioremediation ____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
_____ 1. One bacterial disease that is transmitted by contaminated drinking water is
a. Lyme disease. b. gonorrhea. c. tuberculosis. d. cholera.
_____ 2. A poison that is released from the outer membrane of dead Gram-negative
bacteria is called
a. a pathogen.
c. an endotoxin.
b. an exotoxin.
d. a broad-spectrum toxin.
_____ 3. Which of the following is not a way that bacteria cause disease in
humans?
a. destroying body tissues
c. damaging blood vessels
b. conjugating with human cells d. dissolving blood clots
_____ 4. Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics by
a. secreting antibiotics.
b. assisting the passage of antibiotics through the cell wall.
c. acquiring an R-plasmid for resistance.
d. growing only on Petri dishes.
_____ 5. One of the positive ways bacteria affect our lives is by
a. producing dental caries.
b. consuming improperly preserved foods.
c. preventing the decomposition of dead plants and animals.
d. helping to clean up oil spills.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
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Prokaryotes
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. Identify three ways that bacteria can be transmitted from person to person.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. Name one bacterial disease that affects nerves, one that affects the intestine, and
one that affects the skin.______________________________________________
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3. Describe two ways that antibiotics work. ________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. List four foods that are produced with the assistance of bacteria. ___________
_________________________________________________________________
5. Critical Thinking Why are broad-spectrum antibiotics often used to treat
infections caused by unidentified pathogens? What is the danger associated with
overusing such antibiotics? ________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
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STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS The diagram below shows a Petri dish
containing a bacterial culture and four paper disks (labeled A–D) treated
with different antibiotics. The concentrations of all four antibiotics are the
same. Dark areas on the dish indicate bacterial growth, and clear areas
indicate inhibition of bacterial growth. State whether the bacteria in this
culture are very sensitive, moderately sensitive, or insensitive to each
antibiotic, and explain your reasoning.
A. _______________________________________
_______________________________________
B. _______________________________________
_______________________________________
C. _______________________________________
_______________________________________
D. _______________________________________
_______________________________________
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
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Prokaryotes