Download Hinduism and Buddhism Develop

Hinduism and Buddhism
Develop
► 1/5th
of the world practice either Hinduism
or Buddhism
Origins of Hinduism
► Collection
of religious beliefs that developed
slowly over time
► No one founder w/ a single set of ideas
Key Beliefs
► Each
person has “atman”-soul united w/ all
others in Brahman (world soul)
► Reincarnation
► Karma
► Enlightenment is final goal (freed from
earthly desires)
► Dharma: divine law that requires all to do
their duty
Gods
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Brahma
-The creator
Vishnu
-The preserver of the
universe
Shiva
-The destroyer
MANY GODS-Choose god to
worship
Sacred Literature
► The
Vedas
-Four collections
► Most
important is the
Rig Veda
-Contains 1,028
hymns to Aryan
gods
“He who gives liberally
goes straight to the
gods; on the high
ridge of heaven he
stands exalted.”
Rig Veda 1.125.5
Effects on Society
► Karma
& reincarnation strengthened the
caste system
► Dominates daily life

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What you eat
Personal cleanliness
People with whom you associate
How you dressed
Modern Day Traditions
► Ganges
River-Sacred to Hindus
-Bathe in water to purify self
► Place of worship: home or temple (shrines)
► Yoga
► The Sacred “Om” or “Aum”
► Swastika=good luck symbol meaning “wellbeing”
The Sacred OM or Aum
Yoga
► Means
“union”
► Goal is to leave behind
the cycle of earthly life
and achieve union w/
Brahman
► Dreamless sleep
“When all the senses are
stilled, when the mind is at
rest, that, say the wise, is
the highest state.”
Shiva in a yoga meditation
Swastika
►
►
►
►
►
►
Unfortunately, the swastika
symbol is best known to most
westerners as a Nazi symbol.
For the past 3,000 years it
represented life, sun, power,
strength, and good luck.
Common symbol in India
Considered extremely holy by all
Hindus
Regularly used to decorate all
sorts of items to do with Hindu
culture.
It can be seen on the sides of
temples and on religious
scripture to gift items and
letterhead.
► Hindu
symbol
► Nazi
symbol
The Reichstag when Hitler took office.
March 21, 1933
Jainism
► Everything
has a soul and should not be
harmed
► Tolerance and non-violence
► Work in trade/commerce
► Founder: Mahavira
► Believe we can know only part of the truth
Buddhism
► Siddhartha
Gautama
► Sought to end human
suffering
► First followed example
of the ascetics
► Turned to period of
meditation
► Achieved
enlightenment and
became the Buddha
Beliefs
►4
noble truths (p. 7879)
► Reincarnation
► Eightfold path to attain
enlightenment (p. 7879) or nirvana
The Middle Way: The Eightfold Path
► Right
► Right
► Right
► Right
► Right
► Right
► Right
► Right
Views
Intention
Speech
Action
Livelihood
Effort
Mindfulness
Concentration
► Why
is the Eightfold Path called the Middle
Way?
► It avoids the extremes of self-indulgence.
► Associate
w/ others who were on the path
Gods
► No
gods
► Rejected the multitude of gods of Hinduism
► Gautama forbade followers to worship him
or him image after death
Sacred Literature
► Teachings
of Buddha
► Commentaries, rules of monastic life,
meditation manuals, legends
Effects on Society
► Rejects
the caste system
► Has religious communities of monks and
nuns
► Spread to Burma, Thailand, Sumatra, Korea,
Japan, Sri Lanka, SE Asia and China through
trade
► Pilgrimages to spots associated with
Buddha’s life
► Why
would Buddhism appeal to laborers
and craftspeople?
► They are of a lower caste, and Buddhism
rejects the caste system.
► Why
is there a link between trade and
religions?
► Traders travel extensively, bringing new
objects and ideas with them and learning
from other cultures.
Symbols of Buddhism
► Wheel
of Law
► Represents endless
cycle of life
Lotus Flower
►
The roots of a lotus are in
the mud, the stem grows
up through the water, and
the heavily scented flower
lies above the water,
basking in the sunlight.
This pattern of growth
signifies the progress of
the soul from the primeval
mud of materialism,
through the waters of
experience, and into the
bright sunshine of
enlightenment.