Download Man is Not Alone - St John in the Wilderness Adult Education and

Man is Not Alone
What kind of God do we
encounter?
Opening Prayer
O heavenly Father, who hast filled the world
with beauty: Open our eyes to behold thy
gracious hand in all thy works; that
rejoicing in thy whole creation, we may
learn to serve thee with gladness; for the
sake of him through whom all things were
made, thy Son Jesus Christ our Lord.
Amen.
BCP, p. 814
Session 2 Intro
This book is really Heschel’s argument for
the existence of God
Last session concentrated on arguing that
our wonder and sense of the ineffable lead
us to reasonably conclude that God exists
What kind of religion are we to embrace?
Does God demand anything of us?
How do we live?
The God of the Philosophers
Observations of order in the universe lead us to
conclude that there is an orderly mind behind it all
This “watchmaker” kind of God does not demand
anything of us
“For religion is more than a creed or an ideology and
cannot be understood when detached from actual living.
It comes to light in moments in which one’s soul is
shaken with unmitigated concern about the meaning of
all meaning, about one’s ultimate commitment which is
part of his very existence; in moments, in which all
foregone conclusions, all life-stifling trivialities are
suspended; in which the soul is starved for an inkling of
eternal reality; in moments of discerning the
indestructibly sudden within the perishably constant.”
Slide titles correspond to Heschel's
chapter titles
pp. 55-56
The Ultimate Question
“Religion begins with the sense of the
ineffable, with the awareness of a reality
that discredits our wisdom, that shatters
our concepts.”
Rational thought accepts certain
foundational premises
p. 59
The Ultimate Question
A sense of the ineffable
– Confronts us with a Presence that is other
– Assures us that mystery underlies all existence
– Teaches us that our existence is dependent on a “spiritual presence”
“To the religious man it is as if things stood with their back to him,
their faces turned to God, as if the ineffable quality of things
consisted in their being an object of divine thought. Just as in
touching a tree we know that the tree is not the end of the world, that
the tree stands in space, so we know that the ineffable—what is holy
in justice, compassion and truthfulness—is not the end of spirit; that
the ultimate values survive our misjudgments, deflations and
repudiations; that meaning is meaningful not because of our minds;
that beauty is beautiful not by the grace of man.”
pp. 64-65
In the Presence of God
Approaching God through the sense of the ineffable has
consequences that the approach through rationality does
not
“The root of religion is the question what to do with the
feeling for the mystery of living, what to do with awe,
wonder or fear. Religion, the end of isolation, begins
with a consciousness that something is asked of us.”1
“Endless wonder unlocks an innate sense of
indebtedness….Within our awe we only know that all we
own we owe.”2
This type of awareness forces us to pursue higher ends
The confrontation with God’s question implies that we
have the power to answer that question
1pp.
68-69; 2p. 69
In the Presence of God
Praise is the proper response to this encounter
with God
“It is God who sues for our devotion, constantly,
persistently, who goes out to meet us as soon as
we long to know Him.”3
“Philosophy begins with man’s question; religion begins with God’s
question and man’s answer.”4
At moments of confrontation with God: “We are
penetrated by His insight. We cannot think any
more as if He were there and we here. He is
both there and here. He is not a being, but
being in and beyond all beings.”53
4
5
p. 76; p. 76; p. 78
Doubts
Is beginning from the sense of the ineffable a reasonable
place to begin?
Individuals not in touch with this sense of the ineffable
will not be persuaded by logical arguments for God’s
existence
“the certainty of the existence of God does not come
about as a corollary of logical premises, as a leap from
the realm of logic to the realm of ontology, from an
assumption to a fact. It is, on the contrary, a transition
from an immediate apprehension to a thought, from
being overwhelmed by the presence of God to an
awareness of His essence.”
Belief in God simply follows from this encounter
p. 84
Faith
Faith inheres in how we live our lives &
takes a lifetime
Faith opens us up to communion with God
“God is of no importance unless He is of
supreme importance, which means a deep
certainty that it is better to be defeated
with Him than be victorious without Him.”
p. 92
Faith
Belief in miracles does not lead to faith
“God’s existence can never be tested by human
thought. All proofs are mere demonstrations of
our thirst for Him. Does the thirsty one need
proof of his thirst?”1
“The mind surrenders to the mystery of spirit, not
in resignation but in love. Exposing its destiny to
the ultimate, it enters into an intimate
relationship with God.”2
1p.
94; 2pp. 94-95
What Do We Mean By the Divine?
“We have neither an image nor a definition of God. We
have only His name. And the name is ineffable.”
It is possible to make idols of our creeds & dogmas
It is possible to use miraculous means to make untruthful
proclamations; the miracle does not make truth out of
untruth
Greek philosophy says that God is perfect; the
Decalogue says that God is the One who liberates
slaves
Claiming that God is perfect places us in the position of
God’s evaluator or judge
p. 97
What Do We Mean By the Divine?
Sciences & philosophies assume that the unity of the
universe inheres in its adherence to universal laws
“The intuition of that all-pervading unity has often
inspired man with a sense of living in cosmic
brotherhood with all beings. Out of the awareness of the
oneness of nature comes often an emotion of being one
with nature….We all have a mystery in common—the
mystery of being.”
This fuzzy sense of brotherhood often evaporates when
confronted with the concrete needs of individual people
Despite this underlying unity, life constantly calls upon us
to choose
p. 104-105
What Do We Mean By the Divine?
“God is one, but one is not God. Some of us are inclined to deify the
one supreme force or law that regulates all phenomena of nature, in
the same manner in which primitive peoples once deified the stars.”1
“God is He who holds our fitful lives together, who reveals to us that
what is empirically diverse in color, in interest, in creeds—races,
classes, nations—is one in His eyes and one in essence.
God means: No one is ever alone; the essence of the temporal is
the eternal; the moment is an image of eternity in an infinite mosaic.
God means: Togetherness of all beings in holy otherness.
God means: What is behind our soul is beyond our spirit; what
is at the source of our selves is at the goal of our ways. He is the
heart of all, eager to receive and eager to give.”2
1p.
107; 2p. 109
One God
“Eternity is another word for unity. In it, past and future are not
apart; here is everywhere, and now goes on forever. The opposite
of eternity is diffusion not time. Eternity does not begin when time is
at its end. Time is eternity broken in space, like a ray of light
refracted in the water.”1
“Creature is detached from the Creator, and the universe is in a
state of spiritual disorder. Yet God has not withdrawn entirely from
this world. The spirit of this unity hovers over the face of all plurality,
and the major trend of all our thinking and striving is its mighty
intimation. The goal of all efforts is to bring about the restitution of
the unity of God and world. The restoration of that unity is a
constant process and its accomplishment will be the essence of
Messianic redemption.”2
1p.
112; 2p. 112
One God
In paganism, nature is worshipped as god; in
monotheism, nature becomes our fellowcreature
The Hebrew word for one, ehad, also means
unique
– To speak of God as one is to speak of God’s
uniqueness
“Israel’s answer is: One God. One denotes
inner unity: His law is mercy; His mercy is law.”
p. 118
One God
“His is only a single way: His power is His love,
His justice is His mercy. What is divergent to us
is one in Him.”1
Education does not necessarily correspond with
morality
Evil is disunity and divergence
“No cell could exist alone, all bodies are
interdependent, affect and serve one another.
Figuratively speaking, even rocks bear fruit, are
full of unappreciated kindness, when their
strength holds up a wall.”2
1p.
119; 2p. 121
One God
“Rabbi Moshe of Kobrin said once to his disciples: ‘Do
you want to know where God is?’ He took a piece of
bread from the table, showed it to everybody and said:
‘Here is God.’”1
– Can any hide himself in secret places that I shall not see him?
saith the Lord. Do not I fill heaven and earth? saith the Lord. Jer.
23:24
“The natural and the supernatural are not two different
spheres, detached from one another as heaven from
earth. God is not beyond but right here; not only close to
my thoughts but also to my body. This is why man is
taught to be aware of His presence, not only by prayer,
study and meditation but also in his physical demeanor,
by how and what to eat and drink, by keeping the body
free from whatever sullies and defiles.”2
1p.
121; 2p. 122
God is the Subject
We are the objects to God, the Subject
“God is neither a thing nor an idea; He is within
and beyond all things and all ideas. Thinking of
God is not beyond but within Him. The thought
of Him would not be in front of us, if God were
not behind it.”1
“He remains beyond our reach as long as we do
not know that our reach is with in Him; that He is
the Knower and we are the known; that to be
means to be thought of by Him.”2
1p.
127; 2p. 128
God the Subject
“To the philosopher God is an object, to men at prayer
He is the subject. Their aim is not to possess Him as a
concept of knowledge, to be informed about Him, as if
He were a fact among facts. What they crave for is to be
wholly possessed by Him, to be an object of His
knowledge and to sense it. The task is not to know the
unknown but to be penetrated with it; not to know but to
be known to Him, to expose ourselves to Him rather
than Him to us; not to judge and to assert but to listen
and to be judged by Him.”
For Heschel, purpose of Bible is to tell us what God
requires of us
pp. 128-129
God is the Subject
Any goodness, morality, or justice in
ourselves derives from the presence of
God in our lives
Prophets give voice to God’s call to dwell
in His justice, mercy and relationship
The Divine Concern
Philosophers can only conclude that God exists
To be alive means that we are concerned to
perpetuate our existence
“Always in need of other beings to give himself
to, man cannot even be in accord with his own
self unless he serves something beyond
himself.”
To be truly human, instead of being satisfied with
an animal existence, means that we begin to
actively meet the needs of others regardless of
the cost to ourselves
p. 138
The Divine Concern
“The self, the fellow-man and the dimension of
the holy are the three dimensions of a mature
human concern. True love of man is clandestine
love of God.”
– He that oppresses the poor reviles his Maker: He
honors his Maker who is gracious to the needy.
(Proverbs 14:31)
Care for the self is not evil unless it leads to lack
of care for others; it is part of “Thou shalt love
thy neighbour as thyself”
The way to unity with our fellow humans is unity
with God
p. 139
The Divine Concern
“For if creation is conceived as a voluntary activity of the
Supreme Being, it implies a concern with that which is
coming into being. Since God’s existence is continuous,
His concern or care for His creatures must be abiding.”
Heschel says that humans have 2 foci like an ellipse, self
& God
Even when the Israelites rejected God’s law by making
idols, God says of himself, “God is compassionate and
kind, slow to anger, abundant in love and truth, forgiving
iniquity, transgression, and sin, but one who will never
acquit the guilty, one who visits the iniquity of fathers on
their children, and upon their children’s children, down to
the third and fourth generation.” (Ex. 34: 6)
p. 143
The Divine Concern
“To know of God is not to whistle in the
dark, as if exemplifying the world’s
roaming in impenetrable fog….The
impenetrable fog in which the world is clad
is God’s disguise….God is within the
world, present and concealed in the
essence of things.”
p. 149
The Hiding God
Post-Holocaust, Jews asked, “Where is God?”
Man hid from God first after eating the forbidden
fruit, leaving God to ask, “Where are you?”
God hides when his people abandon Him
“The direct effect of His hiding is the hardening
of the conscience: man hears but does not
understand, sees but does not perceive—his
heart fat, his ears heavy. Our task is to open our
souls to Him, to let Him again enter our deeds.”
p. 154
Preview
How do we live?
The meaning of life
Piety
Bibliography
Clipart. Microsoft Office Online.
http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/default.aspx?lc
=en-us (5 Dec. 2004)
Heschel, Abraham Joshua. Man is Not Alone.
New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1951.
Midi File. All Creatures of Our God & King.
http://www.lassentech.com/midi.html (5 Dec.
2004)