liberty university school of divinity a non-voluntarist theory
... morality depends upon the will of God as promulgated by divine commands.”4 Ockham’s theory is the standard way of understanding Divine Command Theory by theists and non-theists alike. When faced with the Euthyphro Dilemma, any formulation of Divine Command Theory must overcome two particular theolo ...
... morality depends upon the will of God as promulgated by divine commands.”4 Ockham’s theory is the standard way of understanding Divine Command Theory by theists and non-theists alike. When faced with the Euthyphro Dilemma, any formulation of Divine Command Theory must overcome two particular theolo ...
A Survey of Mediaeval Philosophy, Version 2.0
... into WordPerfect codes. Many transferred nicely. Some of them are still in the text (anything beginning with a backslash is a FancyFont code). Some I just erased without knowing what they were for. All of the files were cleaned up with one macro, and some of them have been further doctored with addi ...
... into WordPerfect codes. Many transferred nicely. Some of them are still in the text (anything beginning with a backslash is a FancyFont code). Some I just erased without knowing what they were for. All of the files were cleaned up with one macro, and some of them have been further doctored with addi ...
Scepticism with regard to Reason* David Owen, University of
... demonstrative argument, not just that it might be unsound, but that it actually turns into a probable argument. Fogelin (Fogelin 1993) argues that this is a consequence of Hume’s claim that “knowledge degenerates into probability”. Against Hume, Fogelin argues that “the fact that there may be some c ...
... demonstrative argument, not just that it might be unsound, but that it actually turns into a probable argument. Fogelin (Fogelin 1993) argues that this is a consequence of Hume’s claim that “knowledge degenerates into probability”. Against Hume, Fogelin argues that “the fact that there may be some c ...
Modaaliteoria
... of his modal theory. I believe Spinoza is a necessitarian and that sufficient work has been done to show that necessitarianism is consistent with his basic metaphysics.ii In this paper, my aim is to give a reconstruction of Spinoza's proof of necessitarianism which, I hope, explains some problems in ...
... of his modal theory. I believe Spinoza is a necessitarian and that sufficient work has been done to show that necessitarianism is consistent with his basic metaphysics.ii In this paper, my aim is to give a reconstruction of Spinoza's proof of necessitarianism which, I hope, explains some problems in ...
The One Fallacy Theory
... But what is meant by "appears valid" or "appears good"? The psychological criterion takes it that an argument appears valid or good just in case ordinary people are likely to be taken in by the argument and to think it is valid or think it is good. This concept of fallacy is then used against me in ...
... But what is meant by "appears valid" or "appears good"? The psychological criterion takes it that an argument appears valid or good just in case ordinary people are likely to be taken in by the argument and to think it is valid or think it is good. This concept of fallacy is then used against me in ...
Word format - Robert J. Dunzweiler Memorial Library at IBRI.org
... Scripture or to a body of related books or to the whole Scriptural fabric. Its chief object is not to find differences of conception between the various writers, though some recent students of the subject seem to think this is so much their duty, that when they cannot find differences they make them ...
... Scripture or to a body of related books or to the whole Scriptural fabric. Its chief object is not to find differences of conception between the various writers, though some recent students of the subject seem to think this is so much their duty, that when they cannot find differences they make them ...
Pascal`s Wager is a Lie: An Epistemic Interpretation of the
... In entertaining and evaluating all of these objections scholars treat the Wager as an isolated, mathematical proposition and subject it to the logical and mathematical rigor associated with modern mathematics and rationality. However, this is not how Pascal intended the passage to be treated. As Jam ...
... In entertaining and evaluating all of these objections scholars treat the Wager as an isolated, mathematical proposition and subject it to the logical and mathematical rigor associated with modern mathematics and rationality. However, this is not how Pascal intended the passage to be treated. As Jam ...
THE MANY GODS OBJECTION TO PASCAL`S WAGER
... draws his account of maximal implausibility from the difference in epistemic merit between those hypotheses that “enjoy the backing of a living tradition” and those that do not.11 These claims, he believes, allow for a defense of an “ecumenical” version of the Wager, a defense that establishes the p ...
... draws his account of maximal implausibility from the difference in epistemic merit between those hypotheses that “enjoy the backing of a living tradition” and those that do not.11 These claims, he believes, allow for a defense of an “ecumenical” version of the Wager, a defense that establishes the p ...
Peter Kreeft-The philosophy of Thomas Aquinas
... First, the question is stated in a pro or con debate format, with only two logically possible answers. Then come the objections, which argue for the answer Aquinas rejects. These are always summarized fairly, strongly, clearly, and succinctly. Then come two parts to his argument for his answer to th ...
... First, the question is stated in a pro or con debate format, with only two logically possible answers. Then come the objections, which argue for the answer Aquinas rejects. These are always summarized fairly, strongly, clearly, and succinctly. Then come two parts to his argument for his answer to th ...
Theistic Activism and the Euthyphro Dilemma
... and to his creative activity? This question doesn't arise, naturally enough, from a non-theistic perspective; and so, naturally enough, non-theist ethicists do not address it. But it is perhaps the most important question for a Christian ethicist to tackle (Plantinga ...
... and to his creative activity? This question doesn't arise, naturally enough, from a non-theistic perspective; and so, naturally enough, non-theist ethicists do not address it. But it is perhaps the most important question for a Christian ethicist to tackle (Plantinga ...
ON KNOCKDOWN ARGUMENTS 1. Introduction A
... about motion rationally permissible, and if, as I have argued, the arguments for the rotation of the earth presuppose that there is motion, then it would seem that the arguments for the rotation of the earth cannot be knockdown.11 More generally, if global skepticism is rationally permissible, there ...
... about motion rationally permissible, and if, as I have argued, the arguments for the rotation of the earth presuppose that there is motion, then it would seem that the arguments for the rotation of the earth cannot be knockdown.11 More generally, if global skepticism is rationally permissible, there ...
Who is the “God” Nietzsche denied? 1
... he announced the death of the god of modernity (Ward [1997] 1998:xxix; cf Macintyre & Ricœur 1969:67-68). Nietzsche did not share his fellow scholars’ enthusiasm for “Fortschritt” (cf Lampert 1993:276, 283-286).4 In his 1873 essay, Vom Nutzen und Nachteil der Historie für das Leben and in his book U ...
... he announced the death of the god of modernity (Ward [1997] 1998:xxix; cf Macintyre & Ricœur 1969:67-68). Nietzsche did not share his fellow scholars’ enthusiasm for “Fortschritt” (cf Lampert 1993:276, 283-286).4 In his 1873 essay, Vom Nutzen und Nachteil der Historie für das Leben and in his book U ...
AN ESSAY ON DIVINE COMMAND ETHICS A Dissertation by
... understood as, “resembling God in a way that could serve God as a reason for loving the thing.”6 The particular strength of Adams’s position is that the good becomes inherently personal, but more pointedly the personal agency typified by God entails that moral goodness is grounded in something that ...
... understood as, “resembling God in a way that could serve God as a reason for loving the thing.”6 The particular strength of Adams’s position is that the good becomes inherently personal, but more pointedly the personal agency typified by God entails that moral goodness is grounded in something that ...
Reid`s defense of common sense - Scholars Archive
... Reid does defend common sense. This paper explores how he does so. Before engaging Reid directly, however, I want to consider two other ways in which Reid is sometimes misread. First, Norman Daniels () reads Reid as follows: Reid finds common sense to be trustworthy only because it is given to u ...
... Reid does defend common sense. This paper explores how he does so. Before engaging Reid directly, however, I want to consider two other ways in which Reid is sometimes misread. First, Norman Daniels () reads Reid as follows: Reid finds common sense to be trustworthy only because it is given to u ...
A Reasonable Response Answers to Tough
... But the more important point is that given the admitted present absence of such evidence, it is currently irrational to accept classical foundationalism. [William Lane Craig and Joseph E. Gorra: A Reasonable Response (Answers to Tough Questions on God Christianity and The Bible), Moody Publishers ...
... But the more important point is that given the admitted present absence of such evidence, it is currently irrational to accept classical foundationalism. [William Lane Craig and Joseph E. Gorra: A Reasonable Response (Answers to Tough Questions on God Christianity and The Bible), Moody Publishers ...
DAY of DESTINY - Bible Sabbath Home
... The last of those three is not the least important. Too many among my fellow travelers tell me that I am bound for a land of virtual nothingness. The only fate awaiting me at the other end of the road is the final wiping out of my very identity as a person. Now notice: This is not only the vague ide ...
... The last of those three is not the least important. Too many among my fellow travelers tell me that I am bound for a land of virtual nothingness. The only fate awaiting me at the other end of the road is the final wiping out of my very identity as a person. Now notice: This is not only the vague ide ...
The Value Question in Metaphysics
... exists, we can conclude that X is (or likely to be) in some way good, or at least contributes to making the world good overall. Here the actual is a guide to value. This is a familiar move in theodicies. If God exists, then there is such a connection between value and metaphysical truth, and conclu ...
... exists, we can conclude that X is (or likely to be) in some way good, or at least contributes to making the world good overall. Here the actual is a guide to value. This is a familiar move in theodicies. If God exists, then there is such a connection between value and metaphysical truth, and conclu ...
1 FROM FIRST EFFICIENT CAUSE TO GOD: SCOTUS ON THE
... In this paper, I examine some main threads of the identification stage of Scotus's project in the fourth chapter of De Primo, where he tries to show that a first efficient cause must have the attributes of simplicity, intellect, will, and infinity. Many philosophers are favorably disposed towards on ...
... In this paper, I examine some main threads of the identification stage of Scotus's project in the fourth chapter of De Primo, where he tries to show that a first efficient cause must have the attributes of simplicity, intellect, will, and infinity. Many philosophers are favorably disposed towards on ...
Logical Fallacies (Adopted from Steve Richardson, George Mason
... – "A classic example is this statement by Senator Joseph McCarthy, when asked to back up his accusation that a certain person was a communist: 'I do not have much information on this except the general statement of the agency that there is nothing in the files to disprove his Communist connections." ...
... – "A classic example is this statement by Senator Joseph McCarthy, when asked to back up his accusation that a certain person was a communist: 'I do not have much information on this except the general statement of the agency that there is nothing in the files to disprove his Communist connections." ...
Boethius on Relation in De Trinitate
... The subject of this paper is Boethius's use of the Aristotelian category of relation in his De Trinitate. Though Boethius translated and commented on Aristotle's Categories, it is not the primary influence on his De Trinitate. Rather, Boethius adopts the main ideas of his treatment from the De Trini ...
... The subject of this paper is Boethius's use of the Aristotelian category of relation in his De Trinitate. Though Boethius translated and commented on Aristotle's Categories, it is not the primary influence on his De Trinitate. Rather, Boethius adopts the main ideas of his treatment from the De Trini ...
The Relevance of Kant's Objection to Anselm's Ontological Argument
... However, it is interesting to note, as Plantinga does, that there are interpretations of (2), which is a claim Anselm never elucidates, that can serve Anselm’s purposes but do not imply that existence is a real predicate. A person could affirm (2) while denying that adding existence to a list ever defi ...
... However, it is interesting to note, as Plantinga does, that there are interpretations of (2), which is a claim Anselm never elucidates, that can serve Anselm’s purposes but do not imply that existence is a real predicate. A person could affirm (2) while denying that adding existence to a list ever defi ...
All About Arguments I. What is an Argument? II
... One of your duties as a philosophy student is not to take anything an author says for granted. Instead, you must take a critical stance while reading and listening to arguments, and pay careful attention to the reasoning an author uses to support their conclusion. A good argument gives us adequate r ...
... One of your duties as a philosophy student is not to take anything an author says for granted. Instead, you must take a critical stance while reading and listening to arguments, and pay careful attention to the reasoning an author uses to support their conclusion. A good argument gives us adequate r ...
Fallacies
... Now M is PC-invalid and QT-valid, hence valid. This is asymmetry: reconstruction rules have no backward reflecting property with respect to invalidity. (Note how the asymmetry is reversed between showing validity and invalidity from the semantic definitions Def V and Def IV.) So there is no formal t ...
... Now M is PC-invalid and QT-valid, hence valid. This is asymmetry: reconstruction rules have no backward reflecting property with respect to invalidity. (Note how the asymmetry is reversed between showing validity and invalidity from the semantic definitions Def V and Def IV.) So there is no formal t ...
Kant`s Pre-Critical Proof for God`s Existence
... formally possible, hence logically possible so far forth, it is not after all logically possible, since its possibility is excluded by 7 above. It does not follow from this, of course, that there is some particular thing that exists in every possible world, only that something or other (not necessar ...
... formally possible, hence logically possible so far forth, it is not after all logically possible, since its possibility is excluded by 7 above. It does not follow from this, of course, that there is some particular thing that exists in every possible world, only that something or other (not necessar ...
Rene Descartes
... that he himself exists. This is the first certainty of the Meditations, the anchor or foundation on which the Cartesian project depends: „this proposition “I am”, “I exist”, whenever I utter it or conceive it in my mind, is necessarily true.‟ The Latin for this discovery, Cogito ergo sum (I am think ...
... that he himself exists. This is the first certainty of the Meditations, the anchor or foundation on which the Cartesian project depends: „this proposition “I am”, “I exist”, whenever I utter it or conceive it in my mind, is necessarily true.‟ The Latin for this discovery, Cogito ergo sum (I am think ...