Download Chapter 13 Lesson 3 Notes

Chapter 13, Lesson 3 Notes
What Makes Up Our Solar System?
Objectives
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Explain how telescopes and space exploration help form new ideas
Describe characteristics of the sun and other stars
Describe the planets and their arrangement in our solar system
Define universe and galaxy
Vocabulary:
Star
Solar system
Constellation
Planet
Universe
Galaxy
The Sun and Other Stars
The sun is at the center of our solar system. It is a ___________________- a huge ball of very hot
___________________ in space. A ___________________ ___________________ is made up of a star and all the
planets and other objects that revolve around that star.
The sun’s features make it different from everything in our solar ___________________. From where you are
standing the sun looks fairly small, but its not! The sun is huge: a million ___________________ could fit right inside it.
When we go outside we could only see the surface of the sun. The sun’s surface has ___________________
___________________ which could be seen from Earth. These are darker, ___________________ areas of sun. The
produce bursts of energy called ___________________. Above the surface of the sun is the ___________________
which is an area of hot ___________________ extending about 1 million km from the surface of the sun.
The ___________________ provides most of the ___________________ on Earth. However, the sun is not the
only star in the universe! It is one among billions of others. Scientists classify stars by ___________________. The colors
of stars vary from blue, white, and yellow to orange and ___________________. One can learn a lot about the
temperature of a star just be knowing the color! Blue stars are the ___________________, and red stars are the
___________________. Brightness is another way scientists classify stars.
Since ancient times, people have grouped stars into ___________________. A ___________________ is a
pattern of ___________________ that is named after a religious or mythical object or animal.
The Inner Planets
Our solar system has ___________________ planets. A ___________________ is a ___________________ that
___________________ around a ___________________. How do planets stay in their location? A planet is held in its
orbit by the gravitational force between the planet and the star.
The planets are divided into four ___________________ planets and four ___________________ planets. The
planets are separated by a huge ___________________ ___________________ between Mars and
___________________. The asteroid ___________________ is a ring shaped area where many small, rocky bodies, or
___________________, are located.
The closest planet to the sun is ___________________. It is about the size of ___________________ moon. It is
very similar to the moon, there is almost no ___________________ and Mercury has a surface covered with
___________________ and dust. The side of Mercury that faces the ___________________ is very hot. The side not
facing the sun can become very cold.
The brightest planet in the solar system after the moon is ___________________. It is about the same size as
Earth, and it is rocky. There are no more similarities between Venus and Earth besides this. Venus can become extremely
___________________. It is hotter than Mercury because Venus has a thick ___________________. Because of the
thick ___________________ heat does not escape as easily.
The only known planet to have life is ___________________ because of the liquid water found on it and
atmosphere. The red planet is ___________________ because of the reddish soil. The ___________________ in Mars
show that once it had liquid water. The largest volcano is found on Mars. Mars also has long ___________________
___________________ lasting for months at a time.
The Outer Planets and Pluto
There is an ___________________ ___________________ between Mars and Jupiter separating the inner and
outer planets. Beyond this belt are the outer planets. They are called ___________________ ___________________,
because they are composed mostly of ___________________ and ___________________.
The largest planet in the solar system is ___________________. It has rings and lots of ___________________.
There is a huge storm on Jupiter that has lasted about 400 years - the ___________________ ___________________
Spot.
___________________ is best known for its rings, made of ice, dust, boulders, and frozen
___________________. Uranus also has many rings and moons. This planet rotates on a tilted axis that is tilted more
than other planets. The fastest winds in our solar system occur on ___________________.
As far as Pluto is concerned, it was listed as the ___________________ for almost 80 years. In 2006 scientists
formed a new definition of ___________________. They decided that a ___________________ is a large round object in
a clear ___________________ around a star. Pluto is not in a clear ___________________ so scientists removed its
name from the list. It was classified as a ___________________ ___________________. The large
___________________, Ceres, and Eris, which orbit beyond Pluto are also ___________________
___________________.
Beyond the Solar System
The ___________________ is everything that exists – all the stars, ___________________, dust, gases, and
___________________. If it is dark enough where you live you may see what looks like a ribbon of stars. These ‘ribbons’
are part of the ___________________ ___________________ ___________________. This is the
___________________ that includes our ___________________ ___________________. A ___________________ is
gas, ___________________, and a group of ___________________, including any objects orbiting the stars.
Galaxies are classified by ___________________. The four basic types are, spiral, barred spiral, elliptical, and
irregular. The Milky Way ___________________ is a spiral galaxy with a bulge of stars in the center and rotating arms on
a disk. The sun is in one of the galaxy’s spiral arms.
A ___________________ spiral galaxy is similar to a spiral ___________________, but the spiral arms extend
from a bar of stars that stretch across the center. Elliptical galaxies make up about half of all the galaxies. Shapes of
these range from almost a sphere to a flattened football. Irregular galaxies are groups of stars with no known shape.
___________________ form groups known as clusters. The Milky ___________________ Galaxy is one of
___________________ galaxies in a cluster called the ___________________ ___________________.
It is predicted that stars from in a ___________________ - a huge ___________________ of hydrogen, helium,
and tiny particles of ___________________. The ___________________ of a nebula may clump together to form a
___________________ - a collection of gas clouds that start reacting chemically. When a protostar is hot enough, it
forms a ___________________ and begins to release ___________________ in the form of ___________________ and
light.
Another less understood part of the universe are ___________________ ___________________. A
___________________ ___________________ is an object of extremely intense ___________________.
Space Exploration
Surely you have many questions about the sky and the universe. Long ago, people observed the sky and asked
questions about what they saw. The ___________________ was invented in 1609 and with that people got a closer look
into space. During the mid twentieth people started to launch vehicles into space.
The Russian satellite, ___________________ was launched into Earth’s upper atmosphere in 1957. A
___________________ is any body that orbits another. In the 1960s, Russian and United States spacecraft carried the
first humans into space. In 1969, U.S astronaut, ___________________ ___________________ became the first person
to walk on the ___________________.
Chapter 13: How Do Earth and the Moon Compare?
Lesson 3: Essential Questions
1.
Main Idea and Details: Draw and complete a graphic organizer with details for this main idea: The solar system
is made up of the sun and the many objects that orbit it.
2. Summarize: Write a one-paragraph summary about two different ways scientists explore space.
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3. Draw Conclusions: Why is Earth a unique planet in our solar system?
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4. Vocabulary: How are star, solar system, and galaxy related?
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5. Test Prep: Critical Thinking: Why haven’t scientists found life on other planets in our solar system?
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6. Test Prep: Where is the asteroid belt?
A. In the nebula
C. between Jupiter and Mars
B. In Saturn’s rings
D. between Earth and Venus