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Transcript
Bell Ringer 1) Which of the following indices would NOT reflect information relating to ecosystems? a) Simpson’s diversity index b) Shannon’s diversity index c) Species richness d) Species evenness e) Species difference Bell Ringer 2) The picture below is an example of… a) Shelterbelts b) Chemical weathering c) Physical weathering d) Biological weathering e) Gully erosion Bell Ringer 3) Which of the following is an international treaty protecting the sell and transport of endangered species? a) The Endangered Species Act b) CITES c) CERES d) The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act e) NEPA Bell Ringer- AP Practice 4) Ultraviolet light is absorbed by what gas in which layer of the atmosphere? a) Ozone in the troposphere b) Carbon dioxide in the stratosphere c) Ozone in the stratosphere d) Nitrogen in the troposphere e) Carbon dioxide in the troposphere Ecosystem Interactions pgs 124 -127, 147 147--148 Niche • Niche – the functional role of a species within its community. • This includes: – Resources used / consumed – Habitat – Role in the flow of energy (predators, prey) – Interactions with other species Interactions with Other Species • Two ways species interact: – Population Distribution – Species-Species interactions • Competition • Predation • Symbiosis Population Distribution • Population Distribution – the arrangement of organisms within an area. • There are three types of population distribution: 1) Random 2) Uniform 3) Clumped Population Distribution 1) Random Distribution – individuals are located haphazardly within a habitat, in no particular pattern. • Occurs when resources are found throughout an area. Population Distribution 2) Uniform Distribution – individuals are evenly spaced within a habitat. • Occurs when individuals hold territories or compete for space. Population Distribution 3) Clumped Distribution – individuals arrange themselves according to the availability of the resources they need to survive. • Most common form found in nature • Indicates habitat selection Species-Species Interactions • Competitive Exclusion Principle – no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time. • When two organisms try to occupy the same niche, _____________ occurs. Species-Species Interactions • Competitive Exclusion Principle – no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time. • When two organisms try to occupy the same niche, COMPETITION occurs. Species-Species Interactions • Competition – occurs when organisms attempt to use a resource in the same place at the same time. Competition Species-Species Interactions • Predation – occurs when one organism captures and feeds on another organism. Predation Species-Species Interactions • Symbiosis – any relationship in which two species live closely together. • 3 Types of Symbiosis: - Mutualism - Commensalism - Parasitism Mutualism • Mutualism – symbiotic relationship where both species benefit. Mutualism Commensalism • Commensalism – symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is neither helped nor harmed. • Example: Whales and Barnacles Parasitism • Parasitism – symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed. Parasitism Nice Niche! • For each of the following species-species interactions, draw a parallel to your own life. Fully explain each one, then use your answers to create a concept map. • Make and explain as many connections as possible! 1) Competition 2) Mutualism 3) Commensalism 4) Parasitism