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Download Name: Astronomy Study Guide Part 1 Define Astronomy
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Name: _______________________ Astronomy Study Guide Part 1 Define Astronomy- The study of all physical objects outside of the Earth Describe the 7 Astronomers Astronomers What they did that was important! Ptolemy Geocentric Copernicus Heliocentric Brahe First true observer, had own observatory, took great observations & measurements Kepler Student of brahe, 3 laws of planetary motion, key here: elliptical orbits for planets! Galileo Many experiments, moon-craters, phases of venus, Jupiter moons, sunspots Newton Gravity and law of inertia Hubble Other galaxies outside our own What were the two planetary models that Copernicus and Ptolemy came up with? What is the difference between them? Heliocentric- sun centered Geocentric- earth centered What keeps the planets from flying out into space? What keeps them from crashing into the sun? (2 answers) The suns gravity keeps the planets from flying into space, the inertia of the planets keeps them from going into the sun How are the following defined: day, month, year, calendar, leap year Day- 24 hours for Earth to rotate once about its axis Month- Length of time for the moon to revolve around earth Year- Length of time for Earth to revolve around sun 365.25 days Calendar- years, months, and days based on our celestial objects Leap Year- Feb 29 once every 4 years to make up for our 365.25 day solar year Term Cosmology Definition Study of origin, structure, and future of the universe Big Bang Theory 13.7 BYA all the contents of the universe was compressed under extreme pressure, temperature, and density in a very tiny spot Proof that our universe is expanding: 1. Cosmic Background Radiation- left over energy from the big bang in space 2. Red-shift of galaxies Describe how color of a star indicates temperature. Describe how stars are classified (o, g, m) The color of a star is indicative of the temperature and the composition of a star. For example blue stars burn the hottest of all stars. They are made up mostly of helium. O blue Above 30,000 Naos G Yellow 5,000-6,000 Our Sun M Red Less than 3,500 Betelgeuse, Antares Absolute magnitude Measure of the actual amount of light given off Apparent magnitude Measure of the amount of life as it appears from Earth Apparent Motion Of stars, planets, sun Because of the Earth’s rotation the sun appears to move across the sky. Same as with the stars. Actual Motion Of stars, planets, sun Light Year Each star is really moving in space. Because of the distance it is hard to observe The unit of length equal to the distance that light travels through space in 1 year What does the sun undergo to give off its heat and energy? What does the term mean? Nuclear Fusion- atoms of hydrogen colliding together and fusing to form helium and in the process giving off tremendous energy! Draw the H-R Diagram (include labels on the x and y axis). What is it and why is it important? What is the significance of the placement of each of these on the H-R Diagram? Describe the life cycle of our sun? What is the definition of a Galaxy? Large groups of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity List the three types of Galaxies, define each of them, and try to sketch a mini drawing for each.