Download Igor Stravinsky (1882 –1971)

Igor Stravinsky
(1882 –1971)
The Firebird
Class Grades for Exam #2
Average = 48
4.5
4
Number of Students
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
<30
30 - 39
40 - 49
50 - 59
Grade
60 - 69
70 - 79
80 - 100
Musical Notation
lHigh
or Low?
lLong or Short?
lLoud or Soft?
lFast or Slow?
lAccented Notes?
Pitch - High/Low
lStaff
Pitch - High/Low
lClef
uTreble:
lNotes
Bass:
Pitch - High/Low
Pitch - High/Low
Pitch - High/Low
Dynamics - Loud/Soft
lp
lf
(piano) = soft
(forte) = loud
lm
(mezzo) = half, medium
Dynamics - Loud/Soft
ff
f
mf
mp
p
pp
fortissimo
forte
mezzo forte
mezzo piano
piano
pianissimo
very loud
loud
medium loud
medium soft
soft
very soft
Dynamics - Loud/Soft
lcrescendo = gradually
louder
ldecrescendo or
diminuendo = gradually
softer
Tempo - Fast/Slow
lVaries
from approximately
30 - 240 beats per minute
Tempo - Fast/Slow
Largo
broad
43-47
Adagio
slow
52-58
Andante
medium slow
59-66
Moderato
moderate
77-89
Allegro
fast
106-119
Vivace
lively
120-138
Tchaikovsky
(1840 - 1893)
Selections from
Nutcracker Ballet
Tempo - Fast/Slow
lritardando = rit. =
gradually slower
laccelerando = accel. =
gradually faster
Duration - Long/Short
lNoteheads
- Whole Notes
lStems
lFlags
lBeams
lDotted
Notes
Rhythm
lInvolves
pulse, meter,
tempo, and note values
Meter
lThe
combination of strong
and weak pulses form a
recurring pattern known as
meter.
Types of Meter
lDuple:
ONE - two, etc.
lTriple: ONE - two -three, etc.
lQuadruple: ONE -two-threefour, etc.
Bars or Measures
lMusic
is divided into bars or
measures by means of vertical
lines called barlines.
Time Signature
lA
notation placed at the
beginning of a composition
Time Signature
lIndicates
the number of
beats per measure and
the type of note receiving
the beat.
Meter
lUsually
the first beat
of each measure is the
strongest.
Two Terms
lHemiola
– Shifting of the
accent pattern from what is
expected.
lSyncopation – Emphasis on
the normally weak beats.
Demo
Various time signatures
and meters.
Melody
lA
group of tones
sounded in sequence
that together make a
meaningful whole
Melody
lMelody
is the
horizontal
component of music
Melody
lJingle
Bells
Harmony
lResults
from the
simultaneous occurrence
of musical tones
Harmony
lHarmony
is the
vertical
component of music
Chord
lThree
or more
notes sounded
simultaneously
Harmony
lConsonance
u“Pleasing”
Harmony
lDissonance
u“Harsh”
Harmony
Homophonic
lOne
part (usually the
highest) predominates
lThe purpose of the
remaining parts is to
provide the harmony
Polyphonic
lCharacterized
by the
interweaving of two or
more melodically and
rhythmically independent parts
Scales
lA
series of tones within an
octave arranged in either
ascending or descending
order
Scales
How many tones?
lChinese = 5
lArabs = 17
lIndians = 22
lWestern music = 12
Chromatic Scale
lConsists
of all the notes
on a piano (black and
white) within an octave
Semitone (Half Step)
pitch difference or
interval between any two
lThe
adjacent notes on a piano.
Tone (Whole Step)
The pitch difference or
interval between any two
adjacent white notes
separated by a black note
on the piano, or two
semitones.
Sharps and Flats
lUsed
to identify the
black notes on the
piano
Sharps
lFunction
- Raises designated note by a semitone
lSymbol - #
lDirection - “Play the black
note to the right”
Flats
lFunction
- Lowers designated note by a semitone
lSymbol - b
lDirection - “Play the black
note to the left”
Sharps and Flats
Key Signature
lUsed
when one or more
notes are always either
sharp or flat throughout a
composition
lPlaced on the staff at the
beginning
Key Signature
Naturals
lFunction
- Cancels a flat
or sharp sign
lSymbol lDirection - “Play the white
note instead of the black”
Factor for Octaves
lThe
factor for
octaves is 2
lHear pitch in ratios
Factor for Semitones
lThe
12
factor for semitones is
√2 ≈ 1.059463...
Intervals
lUnison
lOctave
l11
intervals in between
lTable
10.3 in text