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Major Developments in Psychology! 1850-2000 Dualism – 1600’s Mind and Body are separate and distinct!?! Rene’ Descartes – proposes that there is a link that exists between the two! (mid 1600’s) 1853 – First use of the term Psychology! Brain surgery in the 1860’s Paul Broca identifies the brain’s speech center If smart people marry, they will have smart kids!?!? 1876 – Sir Francis Galton proposes that heredity determines intelligence. Also assumed the wealthiest people were the most intelligent!?! The Father of Psychology 1879 – Wilhelm Wundt sets up first psychology laboratory. Structuralism – How do people think – introspection…self observation and those of clients. 1884 – Functionalism William James develops Functionalism Functionalism – studies how animals and people adapt to their environment… Survival of the species. 1900 – Sigmund Freud! Publishes “The Interpretation of Dreams.” Father of Psychoanalysis…. The unconscious mind….primitive biological urges…that are in conflict with society and morality. 1901 – Ring a bell and I’ll salivate! Ivan Pavlov Discovers conditioned reflex Operant Conditioning 1913 – Behaviorism John Watson – investigated observable behavior! 1923 – Jean Piaget! Language and Thought of Children gets published. Developmental Psychology! 1948 – B.F. Skinner Introduces the idea of reinforcement Reward good behavior to continue it. 1951 – Humanistic Psychology Carl Rogers Abraham Maslow 1970 – Self Actualization How each person is unique and has a self concept and potential to develop fully. 1990’s – Sociocultural Psycholoy influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences of behavior and social functioning Biological Psychology Genetic factors influence a wide variety of human behaviors. i.e. autism and twins….identical vs. fraternal Four Goals of Psychology 1. Describe 2. Explain 3. Predict 4. Influence Scientific Method Identify a specific problem or question Formulate a Hypothesis Collect Data through Observation and Experimentation Analyze the Data Conclusion- Prove or Disprove