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Major Developments in
Psychology!
1850-2000
Dualism – 1600’s
 Mind and Body are separate and
distinct!?!
 Rene’ Descartes – proposes that
there is a link that exists between the
two! (mid 1600’s)
1853 – First use of the term
Psychology!
Brain surgery in the 1860’s
 Paul Broca
identifies the
brain’s speech
center
If smart people marry, they will
have smart kids!?!?
 1876 – Sir Francis
Galton proposes
that heredity
determines
intelligence.
Also assumed the
wealthiest people
were the most
intelligent!?!
The Father of Psychology
 1879 – Wilhelm
Wundt sets up first
psychology
laboratory.
 Structuralism –
How do people think –
introspection…self
observation and
those of clients.
1884 – Functionalism
 William James
develops
Functionalism
 Functionalism –
studies how
animals and people
adapt to their
environment…
Survival of the
species.
1900 – Sigmund Freud!
 Publishes “The
Interpretation of
Dreams.”
 Father of
Psychoanalysis….
 The unconscious
mind….primitive
biological
urges…that are in
conflict with society
and morality.
1901 – Ring a bell and I’ll salivate!
 Ivan Pavlov
 Discovers
conditioned reflex
 Operant
Conditioning
1913 – Behaviorism
 John Watson –
investigated
observable
behavior!
1923 – Jean Piaget!
 Language and
Thought of
Children gets
published.
 Developmental
Psychology!
1948 – B.F. Skinner
 Introduces the idea
of reinforcement
 Reward good
behavior to
continue it.
1951 – Humanistic Psychology
 Carl Rogers
 Abraham Maslow
1970 – Self
Actualization
 How each person is
unique and has a
self concept and
potential to
develop fully.
1990’s – Sociocultural Psycholoy
 influence of cultural and ethnic
similarities and differences of
behavior and social functioning
 Biological Psychology
Genetic factors influence a wide variety
of human behaviors. i.e. autism and
twins….identical vs. fraternal
Four Goals of Psychology
 1. Describe
 2. Explain
 3. Predict
 4. Influence
Scientific Method
 Identify a specific problem or
question
 Formulate a Hypothesis
 Collect Data through Observation and
Experimentation
 Analyze the Data
 Conclusion- Prove or Disprove