Download Autism (autism spectrum disorder)

Autism
(autism
spectrum
disorder)
2/26/16
By, Breah, Kourtney, Tyson, Marshall
Autism
– The name Autism comes form the Greek word “autos,” meaning “self.” This
describes conditions in which a person is removed fro social interaction-hence,
an isolated self. Leo Kanner discovered autism in 1943 in the U.S.
Type of genetic disorder
– There is no known single cause for autism spectrum disorder, but it is generally
accepted that it is caused by abnormalities in brain structure or function. Brain
scans show differences in the shape and structure of the brain in children with
autism compared to in neurotypical children.
–
– Neurotypical- not displaying or characterized by autistic or other neurologically
atypical patterns of thought or behavior .
Symptoms
– Requires a medical diagnosis
– The range and severity of symptoms can vary widely. Common symptoms include difficulty with
communication, difficulty with social interactions, obsessive interests, and repetitive behaviors.
– People may experience:
– Behavioral: inappropriate social interaction, poor eye contact, compulsive behavior, impulsivity,
repetitive movements, self-harm, or persistent repetition of words or actions
– Developmental: learning disability or speech delay in a child
– Psychological: unaware of others' emotions or depression
– Also common: anxiety, change in voice, sensitivity to sound, or tic
Diagnosis
According to the latest Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5), released in May
2013, an individual must show deficits under two broad categories:
– 1. Deficits in social interactions and communication
– 2. Restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior and interests
Some children have a severe form of ASD, lacking any language or social interaction skills, while others,
who are considered high functioning, have moderate deficits in these areas. Under DSM-5, ASD is further
classified into three levels based on the severity scale.
The diagnostic criteria and categories in DSM-5 have undergone substantial changes from the previous
version of DSM-IV. How the new DSM-5 will affect the diagnosis and prevalence measures of autism is a
major concern of parents and professionals alike
In Autism Reading Room, a detailed comparison of DSM IV and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria is provided.
Autism Punnett Square Graphic
Prognosis
– The person who has it often fails in school.
– Being bullied by so called “friends” isn’t unusual.
– Family doesn’t risk bringing kids with Autism because they have behavior that is
aggressive like throwing tantrums and biting.
– Parents feel judged by society.
– Parents become isolated and depressed.
– 49% of adults with Autism still live with their parents, 12% have full time
employment.
Autism Graphic 2
Treatments/Medications that can be available
–
Can't be cured, but treatment may help
–
Early recognition, as well as behavioral, educational, and family therapies may reduce symptoms and support development and learning.
–
Prescription
–
Risperidone, Quetiapine (Seroquel)
–
Therapies: Anger management, Family therapy, Applied behavior analysis, Behavior therapy, Sensory processing, Animal-Assisted therapy,
Online speech therapy
–
Specialists
–
Speech therapist: Specializes in voice rehabilitation.
–
Primary care provider (PCP): Prevents, diagnoses, and treats diseases.
–
Occupational therapist: Improves daily living and work skills of patients.
–
Clinical psychologist: Treats mental disorders primarily with talk therapy.
–
Neurologist: Treats nervous system disorders.
–
Psychiatrist: Treats mental disorders primarily with medications.
–
Pediatrician: Provides medical care for infants, children, and teenagers
Current Research
–
In the past five years, ASDF (autism spectrum disorder
foundations) has provided direct financial assistance, through all
of our programs, to approximately 1,427 families who have
children on the autism spectrum.
– During this same period of time, we provided autism awareness
information to approximately 2,478,000 new mothers across
the United States through our Autism Awareness program
Summary
– When my autistic friend was two years old, his parents were divorced. This was hard for him because with
separated parents it was difficult for him to learn and understand more without both of their help. When he
entered the 2nd grade his parents decided to get a tutor for him to help him understand and learn more after
school. This helped my friend a lot and he was able to communicate better with other people and have more
friends at school. Because he was able to learn more and understand and communicate, we are great friends
today.
Effects
– Signs & Symptoms of Autism. Autism is a general term used to describe a group
of complex disorders of brain development. This disorder appears in varying
degrees, in differently levels of social interaction difficulty, verbal and nonverbal
communication disruptions, and repetitive behaviors.
Sources
– http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/autism/detail_autism.htm
– https://www.google.com/search?q=autism&oq=autism&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i59.3037j0j7
&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=122&ie=UTF-8&safe=active&ssui=on
– http://www.ascentchs.com/developmental/autism/symptoms-signs-effects/
– http://readingroom.mindspec.org/?page_id=3196&gclid=CIXXhaT4lcsCFUw6gQodOX8B9Q
– www.autism-society.org/what-is/causes/
– http://www.autismbedfordshive.net/about-autism/effects-on-the-individual-and-theirfamily/