Download Honors Unit 2 - Greece and Rome

Warm Up #1: What do you remember
about ancient Greece? What do you
want to learn about ancient Greece?
Warm Up #2: Compare and contrast
tyranny with monarchy. What are
pros/cons of each political system?
No warm-up today:
Complete the
following chart using
your notes and warmup #2.
No warm-up today:
Complete the
following chart using
your notes and warmup #2.
Warm Up #3: Compare and contrast
oligarchy with democracy. What are
pros/cons of each political system?
“The price good men pay for
indifference to public affairs is to
be ruled by evil men.”
― Plato
Warm-Up #4: Summarize
Plato’s quote in your own
words then describe what you
think it means. Do you agree or
disagree with Plato? Explain.
“The price good men pay for
indifference to public affairs is to
be ruled by evil men.”
― Plato
Why did Plato believe philosophers
would make the best rulers?
Name 2 reasons. Do you agree
with him? Why or why not?
1. According to Plato, what is the
source of political corruption?
“Man is by nature a political animal…For the
real difference between man and other animals
is that humans alone have perception
(understanding) of good and evil, just and
unjust.”
-Aristotle
Warm-Up #5: What do you think Aristotle means
by the above quote? Based off this quote, what
do you predict is Aristotle’s view of the purpose
of government? In other words, why are
governments created? What is their job?
Directions
1. Submit all revised essays in the LEFT bin up
front. Stable the revised version on TOP of the old
version.
2. Submit all other missing work in the RIGHT bin
up front.
Warm-Up #6: What do
you think Aristotle
means by the quote?
Do you agree or
disagree? Provide
examples to support
your position.
Warm-Up #7: Discuss the three major
philosophers we have learned about in
class. What contributions have they
made to modern society?
Warm-Up #8: Compare and contrast the
cities of Athens and Sparta. Think of
the political systems and values they
had.
Warm-Up #9: Describe what you have
learned about ancient Greece in this
unit in four sentences. What
interested you the most? What
interested you the least?
Directions:
1. Grab a copy of the blue and white sheet
on the podium.
2. Submit your “Four Forms” poster on the
chair up front.
3. Get your notebooks with your graphic
organizer that has the pros/cons of each
government.
Ancient Greece 500-323 B.C.E
I. Ancient Greece
1. Geography
 Greece’s geography (mountainous islands)
made communication difficult & prevented the
Greeks from ever uniting under a single kingdom
or country
 Instead, the Greeks developed something called
the polis, or independent city-state
 A polis or city-state is a city with its own laws,
rulers, and government
2. Forms of Govt.
Each polis had a different form of govt.:
a. Monarchy: Rule by one person
(gained power through
inheritance)
b. Tyranny: Rule by one person
(gained power by force)
c. Oligarchy: Rule by a small
elite group
d. Democracy: Rule by the
people
Illustrated Dictionary
Term
Definition
Monarchy
Rule by one person
Tyranny
Rule by one person
(gained power by
force)
Oligarchy
Rule by a small elite
group
Democracy
Rule by the people
Picture or
Example
Form of Govt.
Pros
Cons
Monarchy
Provides order & stability
King looks to provide for the
good of the people
King has absolute power
No personal freedoms
Tyranny
Govt. can make quicker
decisions
Disorder & confusion
caused by violent coups
Oppressive rulers & less
freedom
Oligarchy
Power is divided
Educated men make
decisions
Common people have no
say in what happens
Rich take advantage of the
poor
Democracy
Power is shared
Common people get to vote
on issues that affect them
More freedom
Uneducated voters make poor
decisions
Division caused by differing
viewpoints
Mob rule
3. Structure of Society
a. Citizens with political rights
(adult males)
b. Citizens without political rights
(women & children)
c. Non-citizens (slaves &
foreigners)
- Aristotle called slaves “living
tools”
4. The Olympics
• United Greek city-states
• Held every 4 years at Olympia in
dedication to Zeus
• Events based on skills needed
for war: running, wrestling,
jumping, and throwing
• Women were barred on pain of
death
• Only first prizes were awarded
(if you’re not first you’re last)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XPF
MzskXZvY - If you aint first, you’re last
(0:30)
II. Rival City-States
Athens and Sparta were
the two most famous citystates
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Xtn-BZH_xU0 (14 min)
1. Athens
A. Govt.: Pericles helped create
a direct democracy in
Athens which allowed all male
citizens to vote on key issues
B. Athenian Values
• Political Participation (democracy)
• Physical Fitness
• Well-rounded education: Art,
music, literature
• Philosophy (wisdom & knowledge)
C. Philosophy
–Philosophy is an organized system of
rational thought and means “love of
wisdom”
– The Greeks laid the intellection
foundations of Western civilization
(Europe & United States)
– Paved way for modern science &
govt.
rationalism
– Gave birth to
– the
idea that beliefs must be based on reason
and evidence
Famous Philosophers
i. Socrates
• Made morality central to philosophy
• Believed moral behavior guaranteed
happiness
• Created teaching style called the
which
challenged views through a series of
questions, thus forcing people to
question unexamined assumptions
Socratic Method
• Questioned everything,
including law and religion
• Put to death for “corrupting the youth”
“The unexamined life is not worth living.” – Socrates
Reading: The Trial of Socrates
What is the Socratic Method?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZSbK_
SMkf0 – Jimmy Kimmel: Fashion Week
(exposing know-it-alls)
Genius of the Ancient World (1 hr)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpPAMHLwaKw
ii. Plato
• Pupil, or student, of Socrates
• Founded a philosophical school in
Athens known as the Academy
• Believed humans have immortal
souls separate from their physical
bodies
• Wrote The Republic which argued
for the creation of a govt. ruled by the
wisdom of philosopher-kings
http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/k
nowledge/story/sto_set.html
Plato’s cave
Write down the following definitions and create your
own sentence using the terms:
1. Regime: Government
2. Accumulate: To increase or gather up something
3. Extravagant: Excessive; too much; over the top
4. Despise: Hate; dislike
5. Prestige: Status; reputation; fame
6. Legislation: Law
7. Disfranchise: To deprive (take away) something
from another person
8. Idle: Lazy; inactive
Primary Source Activity:
Plato’s “The Republic”
iii. Aristotle
• Pupil of Plato
• Believed happiness is found
in the “mean” or middle
path between indulgence &
self-denial
• He & his students
documented the constitutions
of 158 states to see what
makes good/bad govt.
• Biologist: Collected &
classified different lifeforms
• Tutored Alexander the
Great
2. SPARTA
A. Govt.: Oligarchy (Ruled by 2 kings)
B. Values: Military strength and bravery
– Babies with deformities were left to die
– Boys left home at age 7 to live in army barracks &
learn military discipline
– Didn’t value education (waste of time)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNa3Co
83_gk - What is your profession?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoQziDiznU - Agoge
C. Society
• Slaves called Helots worked the
fields to feed the Spartans
• Men had to serve away in army
till age 30 but could be called to
war till age 60
• Women had more freedom &
were expected to be physically
fit
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vw
cJcmCoHRo -10 facts
III. The Persian Wars
1. Persia (modern Iran) sent envoys
to Greece to demand their
submission
– Athens and Sparta kill their envoys
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=514IE
cgz1Q8
2. Battle of Marathon
– Athenians meet Persians at Marathon
and defeated them in battle
– Today’s marathons recall the legendary
run of a messenger who raced ahead to
announce the victory, after which he
dropped dead from exertion
3. Battle of Thermopylae
• 300 Spartans under the leadership of King
Leonidus held off the Persians for several
days at a narrow pass in Thermopylae
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyBHMW11nSU
IV. The Peloponnesian War (431-403
BCE)
1. Greek on Greek violence
– After the war with Persia the cities
of Athens and Sparta formed
alliances with other Greeks to
strengthen their positions
2. Athens became the leading naval
power
– Forced allies to pay tribute
– Punished allies that did not fully
cooperate
3. Athens and Sparta go to war
– Spartans win long war after
Persians send money to help them
construct a navy
– Athens was ruled by a series of
tyrants
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
eZ5Bu-eqVZM (till 18:22)
V. Rise of Macedonia
1. After the Peloponnesian War, Greece was weakened
and Macedonia gained control over Greece
a. Alexander the Great and his father Phillip
conquered Greece
2. Legacy of Classical Greece
a.
b.
c.
d.
Medicine: Hippocrates
Philosophy and Rationalism: Socrates, Plato,
Aristotle
Science: Observation & testing
Democracy ("rule by the people")
Ancients Behaving Badly: Alexander
the Great
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ks9mC5ou
M3A
Further Resources
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/34
560/Aristotle/254725/Political-theory
Directions: Get out a blank sheet of paper and
include the following information…
Your First and Last Name
Mr. Locke
Honors World Cultures
19 October 2015
Summative #2: Compare/Contrast Essay
Directions:
1. Submit your debate reflections AND your debate
notes from last Friday on the black podium (if you
haven’t done so already)
2. No warm-up. Get out your essay and begin working.
The sources you need to cite are up front. They must
stay in class so find citations now. Remember to
include the information below.
Your First and Last Name
Mr. Locke
Honors World Cultures
19 October 2015
Summative #2: Compare/Contrast Essay
Reading Activity
Rome: Republic to Empire
Answer the questions and take notes on
the reading below the answers to your
questions. Any notes you take may be used
on the summative quiz.
You will not be able to use the text on the
quiz. Only what you write down now in
class on a separate sheet of paper.
Warm-Up #10: Look at your handout notes.
Describe the evolution of Rome’s political
system. Think about the forms of govt. they
had.
Directions:
1. Submit your summatives in the LEFT bin on
the front podium
2. Submit your four corner “govt. posters” in
the RIGHT bin on the front podium if you
have not done so already.
Warm-Up #1: Describe what a
“republic” is and how power is
shared.
Warm-Up #2: Describe the
changes that occurred once Rome
began expanding its borders
through military conquest.
Warm-Up #3: List what you know
about Hannibal and Carthinagins.
Think about location, military
strategy, beliefs, etc.
Warm-Up #4: Who do you think
is the most influential person in
history? Explain your answer and
provide examples of their
influence on modern society.
Warm-Up #5: Create four
possible quiz questions with their
answers based on everything you
have learned about Rome so far.
No warm-up today: Finish the
Caligula reading/notes (15 min).
Part 2: ANCIENT ROME
Timeline of Ancient Rome
753 B.C.E
509 B.C.E
Rome
becomes a
Romulus
founds Rome REPBULIC
& establishes ruled by
a MONARCHY elected
officials
45 B.C.E
Julius Caesar
forcefully
takes power &
becomes
dictator of
Rome
27 B.C.E
33 C.E
Octavius
Jesus is
“Augustus”
crucified
becomes
by Rome
first
emperor,
founding
the EMPIRE
Roman
Peace “Pax
Romana”
established
476 C.E
Roman
empire falls
to
barbarian
invasion,
thus
beginning
the “dark
ages”
Legendary Beginnings
http://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=jToagTve4hs Romulus vs. Remus (3 min)
I. From Monarchy to Republic
–The early Romans were miserable
living under a king so they created
a republic, a form of government
in which elected officials share
power.
1. Social Orders
A. Patricians: Elite families (Aristocrats)
B. Plebeians: Common folk
– The two orders often clashed because the
plebeians felt disrespected and powerless.
– They began refusing military service and
rioted in streets until they gained certain
rights.
2. Structure of the Republic
The Romans created a government with separation of
powers
A. Consuls (Patricians)
–Two people served together for one year terms
–Chosen by the Plebs
–Most important duty was to command the army
B. Senate (Patricians)
–Only permanent government body
–Advised the consuls
C. Tribunes (Plebeians/Commoners)
–Spoke for the Plebs
–Power to veto laws
II. Creation of an Empire
1. Rise to Power
Rome began as a small community but it slowly
gained territory by defeating its neighbors in
battle. Thus, the Roman Empire was created.
A. The Punic Wars: Gained
Carthage (North Africa)
and established
dominance in the
Mediterranean
B. The Seleucid War:
Gained Palestine (Israel)
Ancients Behaving Badly: Hannibal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6tE3iYXaGTc&list=PLl5Cs2Mfgrg1PydWicXoq_0x_oV_WFOG&index=6 (44 min)
2. Effects of Wars on Rome
A. Increased territory
B. Greek captives tutored Romans in Greek
culture
–Literature, philosophy, & science
Affects of Wars Continued…
C. Patricians used captive slaves instead of
Roman farmers to work the fields, forcing
jobless peasants to move to the cities
D. Generals Gained Power
– Recruited jobless peasants to build their army
– Armies became more loyal to the general than
to the state
Affects of Wars Continued…
E. Civil wars Ensued
– Ambitious generals destroyed the republic in
civil war
– Violence became the preferred means to
resolve political disputes
F. The Republic is replaced by an Empire
ruled by emperors
http://www.history.com/topics/ancienthistory/julius-caesar - Coroner’s report
III. Rome’s MADMEN
1. Caligula
Free carrots
for everyone!
– Made himself a god
– Made his horse a consul
– Committed incest with his
sister
– Violated rich people’s wives
– Loved to watch people being
tortured
Free carrots for
everyone!
Caligula Reading Activity
Rome’s MADMEN
2. Nero
– Loved music and theater, not
governing
– Giant fire in 64 A.D. (or C.E.)
led to rumors that he caused it
to make room for a new palace
– Blamed and persecuted
Christians for it (crucified them)
…They [the
Christians] were
covered with the hides
of wild beasts, and
gnawed to death by
dogs, or nailed to
crosses, or set fire to,
and when the day
waned, burned alive to
serve as lamps during
the evening.” –Tacitus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g
3YiPC91QUk
I just want to sing!
IV. The Rise of
Christianity
1. Founded by Jesus of
Nazareth
A. Basic Facts
– Grew up in Nazareth as
a devout Jew
– Baptized by John “the
Baptist” in the Jordan
River
– Gained reputation as a
travelling preacher and
healer –some believed
he had miraculous
powers
Warm-Up #4: Who do you think
is the most influential person in
history? Explain your answer and
provide examples of their
influence on modern society.
Whatever you may believe about him, Jesus is
hands down one of the most influential figures
in history. He conquered more hearts an minds
for a longer period of time than any other
person in history. He is the founder of the
world’s largest religion. More books have been
written about him than any other person. In
his name wars have been waged and peace has
been made. In his name people have divided
and united. Not bad for a poor peasant from a
hick town who never held political office!
B. Central Message: “The kingdom of God is near,
repent and believe in the good news.”
C. Central Teachings: Taught his followers to view
God as a loving father whom they must imitate.
Taught that God’s kingdom ran counter to
Roman, and even some Jewish, values:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Turn the other cheek (don’t seek revenge)
Forgive those who sin against you
Love your enemies
Don’t judge, but view people with compassion
Be generous to those in need
Treat others as you would like to be treated
D. Ministry: Targeted “undesirables”
such as tax collectors, sinners, and
people suffering from disease
2. Death
– Growing popularity made him appear
to be a threat to Roman domination
– Caused a scene in the temple
– Romans crucified him on the charge
that he claimed to be the “King of the
Jews”
– Christians believe he was raised from
the dead and worship him as the “son
of God”
V. Christianity Conquers an
Empire
1. Christianity Persecuted
– Christianity was first viewed as a subversive:
Taught people to not worship the emperor
or his gods
– Romans thought Christians were
cannibalistic atheists who committed incest
2. Christianity Tolerated
– Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity
– Edict of Milan allows legal toleration
– Names Byzantium (now Constantinople) his “new
Rome”
– Spread of Christianity
3. Christianity Mandated
– Later Christian emperors restricted
paganism and sponsored Christianity
– Monks and missionaries shared the
faith and spread it around the world
4. Political Power
– Bishops gained secular power
– The bishop in Rome had the most
influence in the west and became
known as the “Pope,” or father
5. Saint Augustine
– Most influential theologian of church
history
– Believed government has the right to
force people to remain faithful to the
church
6. Christianity’s Legacy
– Hospitals and health care
– Education
– Social Justice: Concern for the poor &
marginalized
– Multitudes of religions and sects
– Holidays
Fun & “Games” in Ancient Rome
Are You Not Entertained?
https://www.youtube
.com/watch?v=oh
FC_ymn7Zg –
The Hunger
Games (3 min)
https://www.youtube
.com/watch?v=U
9CdTj_OUvQ –
Allusions (2 min)
The END
Deleted Scenes
Hunger Games HW
Nero Reading Activity
Rome v. Alba
p. 59-61
Form of Govt. Description
Pros
Cons
Monarchy
Rule by one
person (e.g. A
king)
Provides order &
stability
King looks to provide
for the good of the ppl
King has absolute
power
No personal
freedoms
Tyranny
Rule by one
person (gained
power illegally by
force)
Govt. can make
quicker decisions
Disorder & confusion
caused by violent
coups
Oppressive rulers &
less freedom
Oligarchy
Rule by a small
rich group
Power is divided
Educated men make
decisions
Common people
have no say in what
happens
Rich take advantage
of the poor
Democracy
Rule by the
people
Power is shared
Common ppl get to
vote on issues that
affect them
More freedom
Uneducated voters
make poor decisions
Division caused by
differing viewpoints
Mob rule