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Transcript
Course Title: NATURAL SCIENCE I Course Description: Foundations of Natural Sciences I Course Credit: 3 units RGEP Cluster: MST Division/College: Division of Natural Science and Mathematics , UPVTC Campus: Tacloban Course Objectives: General Objectives: After the course, the student should be able to: 1. gain comprehensive, integrated and synoptic understanding of the concepts, principles and theories of the natural sciences; and 2. appreciate the natural world within the context of the concepts, principles and theories discussed in the course. Specific Objectives After the course, the student should be able to: 1. explain certain natural processes and phenomena in the physico-chemical world using scientific concepts and principles 2. make intelligent predictions about physical phenomena using concepts discussed in the course. Course Outline 1. Introduction to the Natural Sciences 1.1. The Nature and Functions of Science 1.2. The Basic Ideas and Methods of Science 1.3. The Interconnections of Science and Technology 2. Ancient Views about Nature 2.1. Ancient Genesis Myths and Cosmological Beliefs 2.2. Ancient Notions about Matter and Motion 2.3. Ptolemy's Geocentric Model and the Copernican Revolution 3. The Emergence of Physics 3.1. The Motion of the Planets: Kepler's Laws 3.2. Galileo's Concepts of Motion: Velocity, Acceleration, Free Fall, Relativity 3.3. Galileo and the Scientific Method 4. Newton's Mechanical Synthesis 4.1. Newton's Three Laws of Motion: Mass and Force 4.2. Newton's Theory of Gravity: Action at a Distance 4.3. Absolute Space and Absolute Time; Inertial and Non-inertial Reference Frames 4.4. Physical Laws: Universality, Relativity, Invariance 4.5. Momentum, Energy, and Conservation Laws 4.6. Newton's Clockwork Universe and the Rise of Mechanistic Philosophy 5. The Unification of Electricity, Magnetism and Light 5.1. Electrical Phenomena: Coulomb's Law 5.2. Magnetic Phenomena: Experiments of Oersted and Ampere 5.3. Electromagnetic Phenomena: Faraday's Law of Induction 5.4. The Field Concept and Maxwell's Electromagnetic Synthesis 5.5. Electromagnetic Waves, Light, and the Electromagnetic Spectrum 5.6. Waves and their Properties; the Ether Concept First Exam (Physics) 6. Einstein's Relativistic Revolution 6.1. The Search for the Ether: The Michelson-Morley Experiment 6.2. Postulates of Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 6.3. Space, Time, Mass and Energy According to Einstein 6.4. Foundations of Einstein's General Theory 6.5. Four-Dimensional Space-Time: the Geometrization of Gravity 6.6, Experimental Tests of General Relativity 7. The Quantum World of Uncertainties 7.1. Blackbody Radiation and Planck's Quantum Hypothesis 7.2. Wave Particle Duality: Photons and de Broglie Waves 7.3. The Rutherford Model of the Atom; Atomic Spectra 7.4. Bohr's Theory and Quantization of Angular Momentum 7.5. Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle; Bohr's Complementary Principle 7.6. Quantum Probabilities, Indeterminism and Randomness 7.7. Schrodinger's Contributions 7.8. Concepts of Spin and Anti-matter: Dirac's Electron Theory 7.9. Concepts of Fermions and Bosons 8. Probing and the Subatomic World 8.1. Nuclei: Protons, Neutrons, Atomic Masses, Isotopes 8.2. Nuclear Reactions: Radioactivity, Fission, Fusion 8.3. Particle Accelerators: Probe to Subatomic World 8.4. Quantum Fields, Virtual Quanta, and the Vacuum 8.5. The Strong Force and the Family of Hadrons 8.6. The Strong Force and the Family of Hadrons 8.7. The Weak Force and the Family of Leptons 8.8. Quarks: their Flavors and Colors 8.9. Gluons and the Four Fundamental Forces of Nature 9.0. The Search for A Unified Theory 9. The Origin and Evolution of the Universe 9.1. The Cosmic Scenery: Planets, Stars, Galaxies, Quasars 9.2. The Expanding Universe: Hubble's Law 9.3. Relativistic Cosmology: The Big Bang Theory 9.4. The Birth and Death of Stars: White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars, Black Holes 9.5. The Synthesis of Matter 9.6. The Ultimate Fate of the Universe: Continuous Expansion or Eventual Contraction Second Exam (Physics) 10. The Structure of Atoms 10.1. Atomic Orbitals and Quantum Numbers 10.1. Electronic Structure and Distribution 10.3. Electron Spin; Paramagnet ism 11. The Elements of the Universe 11.1. Mendeleev's Arrangement of the Elements 11.2. Build-up of Atoms and the Periodic Table 11.3. Periodic Properties of Elements: Atomic and Ionic Sizes 11.4. Ionization Energy and Electronegativity: Pauling and Mulliken 11.5. Metallic and None-Metallic Elements: Filled Shells and The Rule of Eight 12. The Ties that Bind 12.1. Formation of Molecules: G.N. Lewis Electron Dot Formula 12.2. Electron Transfer and Electron Sharing 12.3. Compounds: Polarity of Bonds, Geometry of Polar Molecules 12.4. Carbon, Silicon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen and their Molecules 12.5. Hybrid Orbitals and molecules of C, S, N, O and H 12.6. Physical and Chemical Properties of the Molecules of C, S, N, O, and H 12.7. Occurrence of the Molecules of C, S, N, O and H 12.8. Metals: Their Bonding and Properties Third Exam (Chemistry) 13. The Three States of Matter 13.1. Intermolecular Forces 13.2. Gases, Liquids, and Solids: Molecular Structures and Properties 13.3. Energies Involved in Phase Changes 13.4. The Kinetic Molecular Hypothesis: The Model 13.5. The Observed Behavior of Gases: Boyle and Charles 13.6. Mixtures, Solutions, and Colloids 13.7. Elemental Composition: Universe, Earth, Life 14. Making and Breaking Ties: Chemical Reactions 14.1. Conservation of Electrons 14.2. Conservation of Mass: Stoichiometry 14.3. Spontaneous Reactions: Gibbs' Free Energy 14.4. Thermodynamic Laws: Enthalpy, Entropy 14.5. Entropy in the Universe and in Life 14.6. Rates of Chemical Reactions: Molecular Collisions 15. Environmental Chemistry 15.1. Catalysts and the Environmental 15.2. Combustion: fuels, energy sources and the environment 15.3. Concept of Limitation (renewable vs. nonrenewable resources) 15.4. Pollution: soil, air and water 16. Materials Science 16.1. Conductors and semiconductors 16.2. Liquid Crystals 16.3. Organic Polymers 16.4. Lahar 17. Chemistry of Life 17.1. The beginnings of organic chemistry 17.2. The building blocks of life 17.3. Giant molecules 17.4. Biochemistry Fourth Exam (Chemistry) Course Policies 1. The minimum passing score is 50%. 2. Students who stop attending classes without officially dropping the course will be given a grade of “5”. 3. There will be four (4) long examinations and one (1) final exam which will have equal weights. 4. A student who gets an average of at least 60% will be exempted from the final examination. 5. A student who fails to take two (2) long examinations shall automatically incur the grade of “5” unless he drops the subject. No student may be exempted from the finals if he/she fails to take one (1) long examination. A student who tails to take the finals shall be given the grade of “5” unless his/her absence is strongly excusable and his/her average grade for the four (4) long examinations is passing. 6. Computation of Grades The final grade shall come from the four exams and the final exam (80%). A special project (15%) will be assigned by the middle of the semester. The remaining 5% shall come from class performance (attendance, recitation, etc). Grading Scale Percentage Numerical Grade 90 - 100 1.00 85 – 89.9 1.25 Percentage Numerical Grade 80 – 84.9 1.50 75 – 79.9 1.75 70 – 74.9 2.00 65 – 69.9 2.25 60 – 64.9 2.50 55 – 59.9 2.75 50 – 54.9 3.00 45 – 49.9 4.00 0 – 44.9 5.00