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Mixtures Mixtures • ARE NOT chemically bonded. Mixtures • Can be separated by physical means such as filtration, distillation, chromatography. • Filtration: take salt and sand, run water over mixture to dissolve the salt and catch sand to separate them • Distillation: evaporate water out of salt water to leave salt behind will separate salt water. • Chromatography: separates parts of a mixture by carrying and dropping components on a stationary surface. Mixtures • Each component of a mixture does not have to be evenly mixed-heterogeneous • It is called homogeneous if the mixtures components are evenly mixed. • EX: homogeneously=coffee • EX: heterogeneously=sandwich Mixtures Mixtures do not have to have the same ratios. For example, a chocolate chip cookie does not have to have a certain amount of chocolate chips, they can vary between each cookie. Mixtures • Each substance keeps its own properties. For example: a bucket of rocks, bolts, and sand is a mixture. The rocks still act as rocks, the sand is still acts like sand, and the bolts still act as bolts. Mixtures • The entire mixture acts differently than the compounds that make it up • For example: salt water acts differently than just salt and just water by themselves. Salt water conducts electricity while pure water does not. Compounds • ARE two or more elements chemically bonded • Made up of atoms Compounds • Can only separate by a chemical reaction • This is often difficult to do. Compounds • Examples are water, carbon dioxide, and sodium chloride. • The compounds act differently than the elements that make them up. • EX: sodium is a metal, explosive in air and water; chlorine is a green, poisonous gas. It is table salt when combined. Compounds • Must have an exact ratio • Example: water has 2 hydrogen with 1 oxygen atom; hydrogen peroxide has 2 hydrogen with 2 oxygen. They each have their own properties unlike each other. Compounds • Will always exist as molecules: more than one atom bonded • Molecules are the smallest piece of a compound. • Example: the smallest piece of water is a molecule. Elements • The purest substance of matter • There is only one type of atom for every element. In other words, all carbon atoms are identical to other carbon atoms; all aluminum atoms are identical to all aluminum atoms. Elements • The Periodic Table of Elements lists all known elements. • There are 90 naturally occurring elements, the others are man made. Elements • When elements are combined, molecules of a compound are formed Summary • Define mixtures, compounds, and elements on your graphic organizer in your own words • Discuss three examples of each with your partner and list them on your graphic organizer • Using the slips of paper given, place each characteristic where it belongs on your graphic organizer (do not write them yet) Summary • Discuss the correct placement of the characteristics as a whole class. • Copy them into the correct spot on your graphic organizer to complete your notes. Ticket Out • Write a three difference between compounds, mixtures, and elements. List one similarity.