Download Important Vocabulary Terms: Match them with definitions below

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Earth Layers, Minerals, and Rock Cycle Test Study Guide
Important Vocabulary Terms: Match them with definitions below
Intrusive rock
Extrusive Rock
Weathering
Erosion
Deposition
Cementation
Compaction
Lithosphere
Magma
Mantle
Fossil
Convection Current
Tectonic plates
Crust
Asthenosphere
Luster
1.
Hot molten rock found inside the Earth
Magma
2.
Largest layer of the Earth, made up of dense hot rock.
Mantle
3.
Imprint of an animal or plant found in sedimentary rock layers.
Fossil
4.
Carrying away of sediment by wind, water, and ice to other locations.
Erosion
5.
Igneous rock formed inside the Earth from cooling magma.
Intrusive rock
6.
Sediment getting dropped into a new area.
Deposition
7.
Igneous rock formed outside the Earth from cooling lava.
Extrusive
8.
Breaking down of rock into sediment.
Weathering
9.
Huge slabs of Lithosphere floating on top of the Asthenosphere.
Tectonic Plates
10. Thinnest and outermost layer of the Earth.
Crust
11. Layers of sediment being pressed together under its own weight.
Compaction
12. Layer of Earth inside the mantle, under the Lithosphere, made up of hot molten rock.
Asthenosphere
13. Movement of hot molten rock inside the mantle that causes movement of tectonic plates.
Convection Currents
14. The binding together of sediments into Sedimentary rock.
Cementation
15. Layer of Earth consisting of the bottom of the Crust and the top of the Mantle.
Lithosphere
16. A measure of how much light is reflected off a mineral.
Luster
Rock Cycle (Chapter 8)
17. How is Igneous Rock formed? From the cooling of melted molten rock as magma or lava.
18. What is the difference between intrusive rock and extrusive rock? Intrusive forms inside the earth from
cooling Magma, and Extrusive forms outside the earth from cooling Lava.
19. Where do you find magma and where do you find lava? Magma in the Earth, Lava outside the crust
20. How is sedimentary rock formed? From weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation
of sediments.
21. Describe the process of how sediments are formed from different types of rock. Rocks are broken
down into pieces (sediment) which then eventually become compacted and cemented into new rocks.
22. What are fossils and in which type of rock do you normally find them? Imprints on rocks, sedimentary
23. How is metamorphic rock formed? Inside the Earth from intense heat and pressure.
24. Describe the processes a rock would have to go through in order to:
Change from a sedimentary rock to a metamorphic rock.
Heat and Pressure
Change from a metamorphic rock to a sedimentary rock.
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition,
Compaction, Cementation
Change from a sedimentary rock to an igneous rock.
Melting and Cooling
Change from an igneous rock to a metamorphic rock.
Heat and Pressure
Change from an igneous rock to a sedimentary rock.
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition,
Compaction, Cementation
Interior of Earth (Chapter 7)
25. Which layer is the thinnest? Which layer is the thickest? Crust = Thinnest, Mantle = Thickest
26. Where would you find convection currents? – Asthenosphere (which is in the mantle)
27. What is the lithosphere? Layer of the Earth that is the bottom of the crust and the top of the mantle.
28. Tectonic plates are the broken up pieces of which layer? Lithosphere.
29. Describe the difference between the inner and outer core. Inner = Solid Iron, Outer = Liquid Iron
Label the following diagram:
Crust
Lithosphere
Mantle
Core
Outer Core
Inner Core
Asthenosphere
Lower Mantle
Answer the following using the above Mohs Hardness Scale.
I scratch a mineral with my fingernail, which mineral or minerals can it be?
Talc or Gypsum
Which tool can scratch Fluorite but not Apatite?
Nail
Which minerals could scratch steel?
Quartz, Topaz, Corundum, and Diamond
If I wanted to engrave my initials in a knife blade, what minerals would I NOT use? Talc, Gypsum, Calcite,
Fluorite, Apatite
The colored powder left behind when I scrape a mineral across a white tile is called what? Streak
Draw the rock cycle below. Be sure to include all the processes such as; melting, cooling, weathering etc.