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BOTANY 101 Syllabus Fall 2014 MRS. MIZAK Description: This course details the basic concepts of plant biology. It focuses on plant characteristics, structure, unity and diversity, growth and reproduction. Students are acquainted with the origin, structure, development and functions of plant cells, tissues and organs. Current ideas in agriculture, horticulture, medicine, ecology and conservation issues are discussed. Individual plant experiments as well as group laboratory investigations play a major part of this course. Lab work includes greenhouse and various field activities. TEXT: Biology-Miller/Levine. Pearson/ Prentice Hall education, copyright 2006 UNIT 1Chapter 22: Sec 1- Introduction to Plants Key Concepts: Plant are multicellular, eukaryotic cells Plant needs revolve around sunlight, water, minerals, gas exchange Plants evolved from multicellular green algae Sec 2- Bryophytes Key Concepts: Bryophytes’ life cycle depend on water for reproduction Bryophytes include mosses, liverworts and hornworts Sec 3- Seedless Vascular Plants Key Concepts: Xylem and Phloem are plant vascular tissues Seedless vascular plants include club mosses, horsetails and ferns Ferns’ life cycle include diploid sporophyte Sec 4- Seed Plants Key Concepts: Cones and flowers allow seed plants to reproduce without water Gymnosperms include cycads, ginkgoes and conifers Sec 5- Angiosperms Key Concepts: Angiosperms develop flowers containing ovaries which surround and protect the seeds. Monocots and dicots are named according to the number of cotyledons Three categories of plant life spans are annual, biennial and perennial Chapter 23: Sec 1- Specialized Tissues in Plants Key Concepts: Three principal tissues of plants are roots, stems, leaves Three tissue systems are dermal, vascular and groud Xylem consists of tracheids and vessel elements, Phloem consists of tube elements and companion cells Meristematic tissue produces more cells by mitosis Sec 2- Roots Key Concepts: Two main types of roots are fibrous and tap roots Mature roots have outer layer of epidermal cells, a center of vascular tissue and separating the two is the cortex Roots anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients from the soil Sec 3- Stems Key Concepts: Stems have three important functions- produce leaves, branches and flowers, hold leaves upright, and transport substances between roots and leaves Monocots have vascular bundles scattered throughout/Dicots have cylindrical vascular bundles Primary growth is produced by mitosis in apical meristems In conifers and dicots, secondary growth takes place in lateral meristematic tissue Sec. 4- Leaves Key Concepts: Leaves optimize light absorption to photosynthesize Stomata open/close depending on light and humidity conditions Sec. 5- Transport Key Concepts: Root pressure, capillary action and transportation work together to move water through the xylem Phloem is able to move nutrients in either direction Chapter 24: Sec 1- Cones and Flowers Key Concepts: Reproduction in gymnosperms occurs in cones Reproduction in angiosperms occurs in flowers Pollination and fertilization occurs within flowers Gymnosperms are pollinated by wind/angiosperms by animals Sec 2- Seed development and Germination Key Concepts: Angiosperm seeds mature, the ovary walls thicken and a fruit is formed Seeds disperse by animal action in fruits Seeds dispersed by wind/water are lightweight Temperature and moisture cause a seed to germinate Sec 3- Plant Propagation Key Concepts: Vegetative reproduction includes the production of new plants from horizontal stems, cuttings, leaves, plantlets, and underground roots Horticulteralists use plant propagation to make clones of a plant Chapter 25: Sec 1- Hormones and Plant Growth Key Concepts: Plant hormone are chemical substances that control plant patterns of growth Auxins are produced in the apical meristem Cytokinins stimulate cell division and growth Gibberellins produce increase in sizw Ethylene stimulate fruits to ripen Sec 2- Plant Responses Key Concepts: Plant tropisms include gravitropism, phototropism, and thigmotropsim Phototropism is responsible for the timing of seasonal activities As cold weather approaches, deciduous plants turn off photosynthetic pathways Sec 3- Plant Adaptations Key Concepts: Aquatic plants have tissues with large air-filled spaces Desert plants have extensive roots, reduced leaves and thick stems Plants have specialized features for obtaining nutrients Many plants have defensive effects upon attack from animals GRADING: Various tests, quizzes and homework assignments PART II- Abstracts: a. b. c. d. e. Two to be completed every marking period and must be taken from legitimate science reference. Copy of the article must accompany a 1 typed page abstract. The original article must be current research (within the last 4 years). Topics for each abstract will be student dependent GRADING: Each abstract is equivalent to a quiz grade PART III- Lab Reports: a. b. c. Format for lab reports will vary upon type of experiment performed GRADING: Dependent upon the intensity of the particular lab itself and will be announced prior to each deadline. Lab notebooks will are required for each student in order to record individual results PART IV- Projects: a. b. c. Throughout the course various projects will be required. Models, collections, and poster will be submitted for course grades. Details of the requirements and rubrics for each assignment will be explained when necessary. Some of the projects will be completed individually; some will be completed in small groups. GRADING: Dependent upon the intensity of the assignment. PART V- Extra Credit and Individual Studies: a. b. Extra Credit will be granted to any/all students who have already completed the assigned work but desire to improve their overall grade. In other words this is EXTRA work above and beyond what is expected. Extra Credit assignments will be discussed between the instructor and the individual student. Topics and worth of each assignment will be mutually agreed upon prior to the completion of the work.