Download 3. Chp 1 packet

Name: ____________________________________________
Period: ____
Date: ______________
Introduction to Biology
Lesson 1: Unifying Principles of Biology…Read Lesson 1, pages 1-9 and explore all embedded links.
Four Unifying Principles of Biology The “Big Ideas”
1. What are the four unifying principles of biology?
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-Evolution
2. Who developed the theory of evolution? _____________________________________________
3. What is the main driving force of evolution? __________________________________________
4. What are the four other factors that drive evolution?
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5. Define phylogeny.
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6. What major misconception about evolution exists today?
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CHECKPOINT:
7. Why is evolution considered one of the unifying themes of biology?
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-Free Energy
8. What occurs through the gathering, storage, and manipulation of free energy?
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9.
What is the initial source for free energy in biological life processes? _____________________
10. Your text states that : “Free energy is used by living organisms through a chain of coupled
reactions or processes which pass free energy from one form to another.”
a. Explain how and what photosynthetic organisms use free energy for?
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b. What does the process of cellular respiration use free energy for?
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11. Define bioenergetics.
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12. Look at the diagram below and explain what this diagram shows.
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13. What do homeostatic mechanisms regulate through the use of feedback mechanisms?
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14. Where does the energy come from for homeostatic processes? ___________________________
15. Define feedback mechanisms.
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16. Looking at and reading Figure 1.9 on page 5 of your textbook, identify as many feedback
mechanisms as you can in this diagram below:
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CHECKPOINT:
17. Why is free energy considered one of the unifying themes of biology?
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-Information
18. What molecule stores the biological information that flows from one living organism to
another? ______________________________________________________________________
19. What can this molecule do?
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20. Define chromosome.
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21. Define gene.
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22. Define transcription.
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23. Define translation.
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24. What does the ‘central dogma of biology’ state?
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CHECKPOINT:
25. Why is ‘information’ considered one of the unifying themes of biology?
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-Systems
26. Define ‘hierarchy of life’.
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27. The hierarchy of life extends from _________________ to __________________ levels of
organization.
28. Which levels of organization represent the highest organizational complexity in Diagram 1
below? _____________________________ in Diagram 2 below? _________________________
Diagram 1
Diagram 2
29. What two biological system interactions helps to create genetic diversity?
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30. Define biodiversity.
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31. What is symbiosis?
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32. What is competition?
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CHECKPOINT:
33. Why are ‘systems’ considered one of the unifying themes of biology?
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Lesson 2: Discovery of Cells and Microscopes…Read Lesson 2, pages 10-15 and explore all embedded
links.
DISCOVERY OF CELLS
1. What is the basic unit of the structure and function of all living things? _____________________
2. Who gave cells their name? _______________________________________________________
3. What did Leeuwenhoek discover?
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-The Cell Theory
4. The ideas of three scientists led to the development of the cell theory, who were these
scientists? _____________________________________________________________________
5. List below what the cell theory states:
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CHECKPOINT:
6. Thinking back to Lesson 1 and the four unifying principles of biology: evolution, free energy,
information, and systems; under which unifying principles would the cell theory be classified?
Explain the reasoning behind your choice.
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-Microscopes
7. What do electron microscopes use to view extremely small objects? ______________________
8. Why did we need to develop electron microscopes in the 1950s?
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9. What were scientists now able to see because of electron microscopes?
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10. What new field of biological study arose because of electron microscopes?
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11. Why are compound light microscopes called compound light microscopes?
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12. Name the two most powerful types of microscopes in the world before Lawrence Berkeley
National Labs built their $27 million electron microscope.
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13. Which powerful electron microscope can produce 3-D images of a specimen? ______________
14. Which powerful electron microscope produces only one dimensional images? ______________
15. What is the electron microscope called that Lawrence Berkeley National Labs built called?
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CHECKPOINT:
16. Why are microscopes important to biological studies?
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Lesson 3: The Nature of Science…Read Lesson 3, pages 16-22 and explore all embedded links.
1. What is the goal of science?
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2. Define science.
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-The Goal of Science
3. Name the four things that all scientific studies involve.
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4. Define skepticism.
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5. True/ False Nature can be understood by discovering natural laws.
6. Define scientific law.
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7. True/ False Scientific ideas never change.
8. What is a scientific theory?
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9. What types of things can science answer questions about?
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10. What types of questions cannot be answered by science?
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CHECKPOINT:
11. Explain why science cannot provide answers to all questions.
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-The Scientific Method
12. Define scientific investigation.
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13. List all the steps of the scientific method and briefly explain each step.
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c. ____________________________________
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d. ____________________________________
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e. ____________________________________
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f.
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CHECKPOINT:
14. Explain how a hypothesis could become a theory.
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-Experiments
15. What is a variable in an experiment?
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16. Define dependent variable.
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17. Define independent variable.
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18. What is a sample in an experiment?
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CHECKPOINT:
19. Identify the independent and dependent variables in the following experiment:
A scientist grew bacteria on gel in her lab. She wanted to find out if the bacteria would grow
faster on gel A or gel B. She placed a few bacteria on gel A and a few on gel B. After 24 hours,
she observed how many bacteria were present on each type of gel.
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-Other Types of Scientific Investigations
20. What are the other two types of scientific investigations mentioned in your textbook and briefly
describe each type.
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