Download PARTS OF SPEECH NOTES Eight Parts of Speech: Noun: Pronoun:

PARTS OF SPEECH NOTES
Eight Parts of Speech:
noun (names)
adverb (describes, limits)
pronoun (replaces)
preposition (relates)
verb (states action or being)
conjunction (connects)
adjective (describes, limits)
interjection (expresses strong feeling)
N
No
ou
un
n::
a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
common noun: is general name of person, place, or thing.
example: That boy is four years old.
proper noun: is a name of a particular person, place, or thing.
example: My son goes to Northwoods Elementary School.
abstract noun: is a name of an idea or feeling. It cannot be seen, heard or touched.
example: Honesty is the best policy.
P
Prro
on
no
ou
un
n:: a word that takes the place of one or more nouns
Max always supports his soccer team.
Antecedent: the word or group of words that a pronoun replaces, or refers to.
Max always supports his soccer team.
personal pronoun (refers to a specific person/thing or shows possession)
first person: I, me, my, mine, we, us our, ours
second person: you, your, yours
third person: he, him, his, she, her, hers, it , its, they, them, their, theirs
reflexive pronoun (has self/selves in it): myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves,
yourselves, themselves
indefinite pronoun (do not refer to a specific person/thing and don’t have antecedents):
all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone,
everything, few, many, most, neither, none, no one, nothing, one, several, some, someone,
something
demonstrative pronoun (points out certain people or things): this, that, these, those
interrogative pronoun (used to ask a question): who, whom, which, what
V
Ve
errb
b::
a word used to express action (run), existence (is) or occurrence
(happen).
action verb: tells what the action a subject is performing. (shows action, movement, mental
action or ownership)
First find the subject. Then ask yourself what did the subject do?
example: The bat flew silently across the dark sky.
(The subject is bat. What did the bad do? Flew is the action verb.)
Physical Action: lives
Mental Action: believe
Ownership: have
helping verb: auxiliary verb that helps to make up a verb phrase.
VERB PHRASE: is the main verb plus one or more helping verbs.
example: We have been asking for a pet for a long time.
Common Helping Verbs
be
am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
have
has, have, had
do
do, does, did
others
may, might, must, can, could, shall, should, will, would
linking verb: links the subject with another word that renames or describes the subject. also
called state-of-being verbs; verbs that do not show action.
example: Last month was unusually cold.
(was links month with cold.)
Common Forms of BE Used as
Linking Verbs
Additional
Linking Verbs
be
was
could be
have been
appear
look
sound
is
were
should be
has been
become
remain
stay
am
shall be
may be
could have
been
feel
seem
taste
might be
must have
been
grow
smell
turn
are
will be
V
Ve
errb
b::
CONTINUED…..
regular verb: forms its past and past participle by adding –ed or –d to the present..
examples:
PRESENT
stretch
jog
bury
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
(is) stretching
(is) jogging
(is ) burying
PAST
stretched
jogged
buried
PAST
PARTICIPLE
(have) stretched
(have ) jogged
(have) buried
irregular verb: does not form its past and past participle by adding –ed or –d to the present..
example: See the Irregular Verbs hand out!!!!! Six groups and a set of six problem verbs.
A
Ad
djje
ec
cttiivve
e::
a word that is used to describe or modify a noun or pronoun.
It answers questions = Which one? What kind/type? How many?
What Kind? :
fresh water
hot, dry day
southern state
How Many/Much? :
three days
many nights
no rain
Which One? :
that desert
those camels
this jeep
A
Ad
dvve
errb
b::
a word that used to describe or modify a verb, adjective, or other
adverb. it makes writing more precise or exact.
It answers questions = How? Where? When? To What Extent?
How? :
The giraffe stepped carefully.
Where? :
The zebra headed north.
When? :
Then it reached for a leaf.
To What Extent? :
The reporter almost photographed the antelope.
P
Prre
ep
po
ossiittiio
on
n::
a word that shows the relationship between a noun/pronoun
and another word in the sentence. It shows position, direction, or time and
introduces a prepositional phrase.
before the intersection
at the intersection
across the intersection
after the intersection
The building
is the school.
examples:
about
above
across
after
against
along
among
around
at
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
between
beyond
by
down
during
for
from
in
inside
into
near
of
off
on
out
outside
over
through
into
toward
under
until
up
with
within
without
C
Co
on
njju
un
nc
cttiio
on
n::
a word that connects words or groups of words. Used with a
comma, they can make a compound sentence.
and
but
or
yet
IIn
ntte
errjje
ec
cttiio
on
n::
some examples: aha
well
both either
neither/nor
a word that expresses a strong feeling.
oh
ugh
yes
yikes
goodness
wow
oops
ouch
yippee
hooray
A
Arrttiic
clle
e::
a word that modifies a nouns; make nouns more specific; NOT an
adjective (a, an, the)
Use a before a word that begins with a consonant sound.
Use an before a word that begins with a vowel sound.
examples:
a wildflower
a dune
an hour
an oasis