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Warm Up- TEST DAY • 1. Turn in HW • 2. Pick up NOTEBOOK CHECK handout – Top of your bookshelf • 3. Grade your NOTEBOOK – Place handout as first page in your notebook • 4. Stack NEATLY at my bookshelf – beneath the sign • 5. Take out pencil. • 6. Breathe After the test • Complete in your manual : – COMPARING LAW CODES (p. 89-91) Unit 4: A World Reborn We have FOUR topics this unit: 1. 2. 3. 4. The Renaissance Protestant Reformation Exploration Absolutism Warm Up- write correctly Dear students Win you are righting something four my class, bee shure that you are using the write words. Eye cant tale you enough how unintelligent you look win you use the wrong word. There are know excuses four using the wrong words cause you have the education too no better. Bc your smart enough to no the differences, exept you rush threw you’re work and mess up speling and gramar. Love, your conserned teacher, Mrs Varghese 3rd, 4th Causes of the “REBIRTH”/ Renaissance • Remember Unit 3…. – Trade routes crossing Italian city-states on the way to Crusades in Jerusalem – Money flowing into Italy – People questioning authority of the church – Also….. The Black Death and 100 Years’ War Warm Up • 1. Analyze the map on p. 436 and answer the questions regarding European trade in the 1300’s. • 2. Complete p. 96 and 97 in your manual. The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance • The Birth of a Dynasty • Complete the viewing guide on p. 98 of your manual as we view part 1 of 4 on the Medici family from Florence, Italy, during the height of the Renaissance! Art and Scholarship in the Middle Ages Birth of Universities • Grew out of guilds – producing trained/ educated individuals • 1st European university- Italy – Liberal Arts: rhetoric, grammar, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music, astronomy • Teachers lectured; – no exams until graduated (4-6 years) • After liberal arts: – could specialize (theology, law, medicine, etc.) Scholasticism • Scholasticism –faith and reason joined – With the rediscovery of Greek/Arab/Indian thinkers from ancient world, scholars tried to reconcile secular knowledge w/ Church • The influence of : – The Crusades – Trade after Black Death was over – Leads to Renaissance • Thomas Aquinas – monk who reconciled teachings of Aristotle w/Church – 2 kinds of knowledge: reason and faith Vernacular Literature • Latin- main language, Church, school, gov’t, trade, etc. • vernacular – language of everyday speech in a particular area – passed on by troubadours, minstrels (entertainers) – Geoffrey Chaucer- The Canterbury Tales • Written in English, story of characters taking pilgrimage to Canterbury – Dante Alighieri- The Divine Comedy • Written in Italian about the soul’s journey in the afterlife – Heaven/Paradiso, Purgatory/Purgatorio, Hell/Inferno • Songs/poetry about stories of knights, ladies, heroic epics Architecture At first built in Romanesque style – flat roof, small windows, thick walls, rounded arches. Gothic Cathedral 12th Century: Gothic style – pointed arches, ribbed vaults to make building higher, upward movement Gothic architecture used flying buttresses to support weight of roof and wall thin walls= huge stained glass windows Arches Renaissance • TLW analyze the origin of the Italian and Northern Renaissance in order to understand the evolution of culture within Europe, through notes and document analysis. The Renaissance The Renaissance The Italian Renaissance, 1350-1500 • Renaissance = rebirth (in French) – look back to Greek/Roman times for inspiration • Began in Italy, – spread to rest of Europe • Characteristics: – Urban, city-states most powerful – Secular (non-religious) outlook – Emphasized human ability • high regard for individual accomplishment (renaissance man, someone good at everything = Leonardo da Vinci) Italian City-States • Milan, Venice, Florence – most powerful • Venice- traded all over Mediterranean • Florence- banking – controlled by de Medici family – Cultural center for Italy – Lorenzo de Medici great patron • person who pays to have art created Humanism • Humanism – emphasis on human intellect, capability • Petrarch- father of Renaissance humanism • Grew into study of humanities: literature, history, art Niccolo Machiavelli • Machiavelli-politician in Florence – lost favor and exiled – Wanted to return, – wrote book of statecraft dedicated to the de Medici • “The Prince”- how to gain and keep power • Machiavelli believed good leader should be amoral – do best for city regardless of morally right or wrong Machiavelli and the Prince • Men judge generally more by the eye than by the hand, for everyone can see and few can feel. Every one sees what you appear to be, few really know what you are. Machiavelli, the Prince Machiavelli is explaining that appearances are very important with leadership, and if you can play the part well people don’t really know who you are or what you are doing with the power (whether corrupt or good). Modern leaders are known to be “Machiavellian” and politicians are seen to follow his guidance. • A Child's Machiavelli POWER and Machiavelli Machiavelli- The Man behind the Prince (watch first 8 minutes of video in class- go home and watch the rest if you have time. The link is added on the bottom of this slide when minimized, if the hyperlink doesn’t work. This is a GREAT video to watch). Discussion and paper: ½ to 1 full page: • Is it better to be loved or feared? • Would you want to be loved or feared as a leader? As a parent? As a teacher? Why or why not? POWER and Machiavelli DEBATE: • Is it better to be loved or feared? • Would you want to be loved or feared as a leader? • As a parent? • As a teacher? • Why or why not? Medieval Art • Very flat (does not look realistic) • Lots of symbolism • Mostly religious themes Notice: Medieval paintings are sometimes easy to spot due to the babies/children appearing as miniature adults. The baby Jesus to the left does not look like a realistic infant but rather a tiny adult. Renaissance paintings begin to understand how to portray people more realistically (and babies begin looking like adorable cherubs instead of scary dolls ) Renaissance Art (see examples on following slides) • Developed perspective – – 3 dimensions on flat surface • Used geometry: – to accurately show distance, light, space • Studied anatomy for figures – Very realistic (think: baby example) • Brunelleschi: – architect for de Medici – designed church more for the human worshipper than for God being worshipped – The Duomo “church”- cathedral in Florence Raphael’s “School of Athens”: shows perspective (look at the arches to see the depth/scale of the scene. It does NOT look flat, but rather 3 dimensional) Brunelleschi’s Dome on the cathedral in Florence, called the “Duomo”. The church was built in the 1200s but Brunelleschi added the dome that has two layers in the 1400s (until then, there was no dome at all). Renaissance Artists Ninja Turtles- how to remember the artists!!!!! • The ninja turtles: – Leonardo Da Vinci – • painter, dissected bodies, inventor, poet, philosopher (Last Supper, Mona Lisa) – Michelangelo – • painter, sculptor, architect, Sistine Chapel ceiling, David perfect proportions – Raphael – • painter Madonna and Child, School of Athens shows balance, harmony, order – Donatello - sculptor known for realistic style Donatello’s David Leonardo Da Vinci’s Last Supper Leonardo da Vinci’s MONA LISA ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ What do you know about this painting? What have you heard? What catches your eye? Apparently there was an artist sitting beside da Vinci when he painted the Mona Lisa, this other painting is on the left below. This painting has been cleaned and is in the Prado Museum in Spain. Does this help solve the mystery of Mona Lisa (yes, she had eyebrows, a veil, etc, but does it also show you da Vinci’s talent in her gaze?) Her mystery…. • NYTimes- Prado Museum • The Mona Lisa Michelangelo’s David Sistine Chapel in the Vatican, Rome, Italy Comprehension Check • 1. Explain three causes of the Renaissance. • 2. Using historical perspective, explain John Green’s argument on why the Renaissance did not really happen. • 3. Who wrote The Prince and what was a primary message in the text? • 4. Explain the major differences in Medieval and Renaissance art. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Create: WANTED Advertisement • • • • You are an artist in NEED of a PATRON! What skills/talents can you offer to them? Why should they support/commission art from you? How can you improve their life, status, family reputation, etc? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ • Needs to: – – – – Be creative, in color, not just in pencil Have a catchy title! (it is an advertisement)!!!! Have visuals! Be one full page (on white computer paper) Printing Press • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DLctA w4JZXE • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_QB4 zGQ79I