Download Contact - annekatri

You are an important part of Infection Control!
Your commitment to following proper procedures, hand hygiene,
and patient and family teaching can make the difference for you
and your patients in your future work.
Methods of Transmission:
So how do we do infection control?
The answer is
Isolation
Goal of Isolation
Prevent transmission of microorganisms from
infected or colonized patients to other patients,
hospital visitors, and healthcare workers
Types of isolation are based on
how the disease/infectious
organism is spread.
• Read the isolation signs on the outside of the
patient’s door or above the head of the patient’s
bed. The signs will tell you what personal
protective equipment to put on before entering
the room or before initiating any patient care
task.
• Take off PPE’s when leaving the patients’ room.
There are three
transmission-based
precaution categories and therefore
three “isolation categories”
• Contact: Used to prevent transmission of
epidemiologically important organisms from an
infected or colonized patient through direct
(touching patient) or indirect (touching surfaces
or objects in the patient’s environment) contact
• Contact: Used to prevent transmission of
epidemiologically important organisms from an
infected or colonized patient through direct
(touching patient) or indirect (touching surfaces
or objects in the patient’s environment) contact
• Droplet: Designed to prevent droplet (larger
particle) transmission of infectious agents when
the patient talks, coughs, or sneezes
• Contact: Used to prevent transmission of
epidemiologically important organisms from an
infected or colonized patient through direct
(touching patient) or indirect (touching surfaces
or objects in the patient’s environment) contact
• Droplet: Designed to prevent droplet (larger
particle) transmission of infectious agents when
the patient talks, coughs, or sneezes
• Airborne: Designed to prevent airborne
transmission of droplet nuclei or dust particles
containing infectious agents
Standard Precautions:
• Standard Precautions apply to all patients!
• Hygiene: Use disinfections on hands before and after patient
contact.
• PPE: Use proper PPE (Personal Protection Equipment) according to
the task.
Contact Precautions:
• Apply to patients with contact infectious decease.
• Room: The patient who has that kind of infection has to
have a single room
• Hygiene: Everyone has to disinfect the hands when
coming and leaving the isolation room and before and
after touching the patient
• PPE: Nursing staff has to wear gloves when being near
and touching the patient
-The other guards are needed when there is a risk of
splashing
• Information: Everyone who deal with the patient has to
be informed about the isolation
Droplet Precautions:
• Apply to patients with infectious decease with risk of
emitting droplets.
• Room: The patient who has that kind of infection has to
have a single room, or be kept at least 1 meter from
other patients.
• Hygiene: Everyone has to disinfect the hands when
coming and leaving the isolation room and before and
after touching the patient
• PPE: Nursing staff has to use a mouth-nose mask when
being near the patient (less than 1m)
-The other guards are needed when there is a risk of
splashing
• Information: Everyone who deal with the patient has to
be informed about the isolation
Airborne Precautions
• Apply to patients with infectious decease with risk of airborne
transmission.
• Room: Room with negative air pressure (vacuum) with “airlock”
door system. Or negative pressure “tent” if negative pressure room
is not available.
- If single room is not available, all patients has to either have
immunity for the other decease, or have the same decease.
- Patient is not allowed to leave the room.
• Hygiene: Everyone has to disinfect the hands when coming and
leaving the isolation room and before and after touching the patient
• PPE: Nursing staff has to use “Duckbill” mask (FFP2 or FFP3)
already when entering the room, if they are not immune for the
decease.
- The other guards are needed when there is a risk of splashing
• Information: Everyone who deal with the patient has to be informed
about the isolation
Examples of deceases witch
require additional isolation
precautions:
• Contact: Skin infections, polio, MRSA
• Droplet: Whooping-cough, influenza,
Rubella
• Airborne: Chicken Pox (Varicella), Herpes
Zoster, Measles
Infection control is not only
isolation (prevention)...
Daily check if the isolation is effective, eg. Information is in place and
correct.
Constant surveillancing the patients condition to be sure that the actual
isolation category is correct and react if its no longer the case.
This Presentation was made by:
Emilia, Roosa & Anne
Sources:
•
http://chris.shands.ufl.edu/education/ic2004/sld001.htm
•
http://www.people.vcu.edu/~gbearman/Adobe%20files/IsolationGuidelines%5B1%5D.pdf