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Types of isolation
Airborne
Droplet
Contact
Types of Isolation
Copyright (2008) SIUH SD Online Developed by E. Saulo, D. Sclafani & T. Heithaus
Revised 12/28/08
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Types of Isolation
Types of isolation
Airborne
Droplet
Contact
There are three types of isolation standard precautions
are observed. “Standard Precautions (SP) combine the
major features of Universal Precautions and Body
Substance Isolation and are based on the principle that
all blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions except
sweat, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes may
contain transmissible infectious agents (CDC,
2008,¶1).” The three types of isolation are:
Airborne
Copyright 2008 SIUH SD Online
Droplet
Contact
RevisedJuly
12/28/08
Last Updated:
6, 20172
SIUH Staff Development Online
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Types of isolation
Airborne
Droplet
Contact
Airborne isolation
 Respiratory droplets verses airborne pathogens
 Purpose: to prevent and control transmission of
infectious agents that remain infectious over long
distances when suspended in air.
 Patient is in private negative airflow room
 Room must remain closed and patient must remain
in the room
 HCW wears a PFR N95 mask when caring for
known or suspected TB
 Patient with TB wears standard surgical type mask,
if possible, during transport.
Copyright 2008 SIUH SD Online
Revised 12/28/08
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Types of isolation
Airborne
Droplet
Contact
Droplet isolation
 Observed when caring for patients with
diseases transmitted by large particle droplets
that can be generated by coughing, sneezing or
talking.
 Patient placed in a private room
 When co-horting, maintain spatial separation of 3
feet
 Respiratory protection is from a surgical type mask
when working within 3 feet of patient
 Patient wears a surgical type mask, if possible,
during transport.
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Revised 12/28/08
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Types of isolation
Airborne
Droplet
Contact
Contact isolation
 Used to prevent transmission of
microorganisms which are spread by direct or
indirect contact with the patient or the
environment. Contact isolation is observed in
addition to standard precautions.
 Patient should have a private room or cohort
patients with active infection of the same organism
 Gloves are applied prior to entering the patient’s
room. Change them after contact with infectious
material. Remove gloves before leaving the room.
Wash hands immediately after removing gloves.
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Types of isolation
Airborne
Droplet
Contact
Contact isolation continued
 Don gown before entering the patient’s room. Choose
gown to fit the task. Use gown for all interactions that
involve contact with the patient or any objects in the
patient’s environment. Remove before leaving the room.
 Dedicated equipment must be used for each patient. This
includes, but is not limited to, blood pressure cuff,
stethoscope, and thermometers.
 If any equipment is used that must be removed from the
patient’s room such as an EKG machine, lifting
equipment or scale, it must be immediately disinfected
with hospital approved cleaning agent after use.
 When transporting the patient from their room to another
area, be certain to maintain contact precautions at all
times. Wear gown, gloves and if necessary face and eye
protection. Limit the movement of the patient to essential
purposes only. Prior to transport, be sure to notify the
department where patient is going.
 Terminal cleaning of the room must be done when patient
is discharged.
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Types of isolation
Airborne
Droplet
Contact
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