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Cold War and Civil Rights 1 Communism vs Capitalism Communism: A economic system that is based on common ownership of all resources. Often communist economies are ran by a dictator who makes all economic decisions . Capitalism: A economic system in which individual are allowed own resources make all choices about how to use resources. List the advantages and disadvantages of each? Post World War II goals Soviets wanted buffer zone of friendly notations (Eastern Europe) between them and Germany. These nations would be communist and become a part of the Soviet Union United States wanted Eastern Europe to hold free and fair elections. US wanted to influence all government to them from falling into the hands of communist. US was involved in Greece and South East Asia (Vietnam) Iron Curtain Winston Church said An “Iron Curtain” had descended upon Europe, cutting off Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe from the West” Explain this quote US Policy of Containment President Truman pledged to contain communism in Europe. This became know as the Truman Doctrine. US supplied military and financial aid to Greece and Turkey to help them resist communists In war-torn Eastern Europe Marshall Plan gave financial aid to promote rebuilding How does giving military and financial aid help keep countries democratic? Cold War and Civil Rights Berlin Airlift First Cold War confrontation Soviets blocked West Berlin off from US aid Without aid they would have starved to death US had to find way to get supplies to West Berlin without starting a war. They used airplane to bring in goods until the Soviets opened up the road into the city. Later the Soviets Build a wall (the Berlin Wall) to separate East and West Berlin and to keep people from escaping from communists controlled territories Why did Berlin create so much tension between the US and the Soviet Union? Increased Cold War fears 1949 US formed NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Military alliance to work against the Soviet Union. Soviets test Atomic Bomb Communist win revolution in China How did these three things increase Cold War fears? Korea North Korea (communist ) invaded South Korea (US backed democracy ) 2 Cold War and Civil Rights Truman believed that USSR was behind the invasion and convinced the UN (United Nations) to get involved in a “police action” Most troops and money to fight was is from ( US) When US forces near Chines border the Chinese Communist attack and drive US back to 38th parallel American Causalities turns public opinion against the war. US and Soviet Union fight a cold war Soviet Union creates Warsaw Pact-Military alliance of Eastern European nations US join NATO Soviet Union launches Sputnik US passed National Defense Education act (promoted math and science skills) The US lands the first man on the moon Both counties build ICBM Americans build bomb shelters Red Scare (number 2) Causes Truman made the cold war a fight between good and evil Fall of China to communists Soviets had Atomic Bomb Korean war Anti-Soviet Propaganda How did these things make the American people feel? 3 Cold War and Civil Rights 4 Red Scare and McCarthyism Republicans in an effort to win more votes accused Democrats of being soft on communism Joseph McCarthy led the crusade He used “the Big Lie” repeating untrue accusation loudly and often to smear diplomats artist and statesmen. McCarthy held a hearing on TV and the public saw what a bully he was and rejected him. McCarthy did find a few spies, but most accusations were false The Cold War comes to Cuba Fidel Castro (communist) overthrew the American backed dictator Castro nationalized (took under got control) American owned properties and built a relationship with the Soviet Union CIA trained Cuban Exiles to invades and start a uprising (Bay of Pigs) The plan failed. President Kennedy became more determined to prove his Cold War credentials (wanted to show he was tough on communist) so he put more money and time in to fight communism in Vietnam, Cuba, and Berlin. Cuban Missile Crisis 1963 US spy plain photographed nuclear missile sites being built in Cuba Kennedy placed a naval blockade around Cuba to stop sites from being armed The Soviet Union had ships heading towards the blockade Cold War and Civil Rights How did the blockade put the US in a tight spot? After 13 days of escalating fear an agreement was reached Soviet ships turned back and the US removed weapons form Turkey and Italy Impact of Crisis Both nations want to avoid coming so close to nuclear war again Hot line phone from White House to Kremlin (Soviet Leader) Signing of nuclear test ban treaty (only test under ground and would work towards disarmament) Why did the US care so much about Cuba falling to communism? How did the failure of the Bay of Pigs and the missile crisis make the US look? How will the US react? Cold War in the Middle East US supported the creation of the State of Israel (Jewish home land) The Soviet Union did not. The Soviets tried to influence the Arab nations Eisenhower Doctrine extended the idea of containment of communism to the Middle East. CIA helped the Shah of Iran come to power in the 1950’s US Wanted to have a US friendly buffer between the Soviet Union and the rest of the Middle East. The Shaw was overthrow by Islamic fundamentalist how held 150 Americans hostage for a year. 5 Cold War and Civil Rights 6 US and Iran still do not get along The importance of OIL to the US economy made the US stay engaged in Middle East politics. Tried to end oil Embargo by OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) in the 1970’s Tried to facilitated peace at the Camp David Accords (1978) Soviets invade Afghanistan to put a Soviet friend government in power US supported Afghan resistant movement sending them arms to fight Soviets. These rebel groups become the Taliban who held al Qaeda terrorist who attacked the US. End of Cold War End was result of changes within the Soviet Union. Finical strain of Arms race War in Afghanistan Movement of Liberation in Eastern Europe Fall of Berlin Wall Why did the Cold War end? Life in the US during the cold war After WWII US entered a period of prosperity but the fight against Communism threated many aspects of life. Education Cold War investments in math and science improved education and narrowed the education gap Cold War and Civil Rights GI bill sent veterans to college and created a more skilled work force that promoted economic growth Baby boom led to more kids in school Growth of Suburbs GI bill allowed veterans to get loans to buy homes or start a business Wide availability of automobile and expansion of highways Baby boom How did the GI bill and easy travel help build suburbs? Cold War Economy Pent up demand for goods help crate a consumer culture Advertising on TV and bill boards help increase demand Credit cards allow consumer debt to rise Demand led to an increase in production and more jobs Cold War required government to spend a lot of money on weapons systems and defense Impact: US had the highest standard of living in the word Technological Advances Medicine Science was used to look for new miracle drugs like penicillin Vaccines for polio save thousands War surgeons developed new techniques Impact of Cold War Agriculture Pesticides and chemical fertilizers provide more food Improved nutrition of food 7 Cold War and Civil Rights Americans became healthier and lived longer Negatives Small farms were consolidated or had a hard time competing Reliance on chemicals had long-term environment impact Women WWII laid the groundwork for the women’s rights movement Many women returned to the traditional roles of stay at home wife/mothers Consumer culture made women chief consumer of the family TV glorified the role of homemaker Suburan life left women isolated and unfulfilled 40% of women did work outside of home but JOB were limited and pay was a fraction of men Book THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE by Betty Freidan helped launch the modern women’s rights movement WWII laid the groundwork for the women’s rights movement Many women returned to the traditional roles of stay at home wife/mothers Consumer culture made women chief consumer of the family TV glorified the role of homemaker Suburban life left women isolated and unfulfilled 40% of women did work outside of home but JOB were limited and pay was a fraction of men Book THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE by Betty Freidan helped launch the modern women’s rights movement Explain the positive and negative impact of the Cold War on women. 8 Cold War and Civil Rights Civil Rights Movement A liberal movement that challenged the conservative status quo of race relations. What does that mean? Goals: Full rights of citizenships for African Americans. (equal treatment and the right to vote) What promised AA these rights? Impact of WWII on Civil Rights movement AA workers demanded and were given more equal treatment When war ended lost jobs AA soldiers served in segregated unites, Northern AA soldiers experienced Jim Crow, some returning AA vets were lynched. Why would returning vets get lynched? Impact: Truman establish civil rights commission to support antilynching law and desegregated the military Holocaust made people revaluate the treatment of AA in the US Cold War put the US’s ideas and values in the world spot light. A failure to live up to the values would embarrass the US on the world stage. How did television new help the Civil Rights Movement? Civil Rights Movement Strategies 9 Cold War and Civil Rights 10 Courts NAACP established judicial precedents (smaller decision in lower courts that favored the end of segregation) that led to big decision like Supreme court decision in Brown. Brown v Board of Education (was made up of 5 different cases, one form Clarendon County) In a unanimous (9–0) decision the Supreme Court stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal” Decision opened the path for an end to segregation in all areas of life. How was the Brown decision viewed by conservatives and liberals? Non-violent Civil Disobedience (Intentional breaking laws, but never resorting to violence) Why was Brown v. Board important Why was Brown v. Board important Political impact Martin Luther King Jr. was organizer and spokesperson Movement was backed by presidents and majority of voting public Legislation passed to addrsss discrimination Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965 Changes in the Civil Rights Movement Black Power Movement (Northern urban AA) Goals: fight de facto (not by law but by fact) segregation in cities, advocated and empower AA community and promote ethnic pride Actions: Leadership: Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael Cold War and Civil Rights Impact: Alienated the general public and undermined support of further government action Explain the goals of the Civil Rights Movement and How they achieved them. Civil Rights for women 615 NOW (National Organization of Women) Promoted the rights of women The Feminie Mystique The Civil Rights Act of 1964 Roe v Wade Equal Rights Amendment Conservative counter movement Compare and contrast the Women and Latin rights movements 11