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Unit 5 Study Guide Answers 1. G1, S, and G2 phases are part of interphase while M phase and cytokinesis are part of cell division. G1& G2:Periods of cell growth S phase: DNA copies itself M phase: Cell division (either Mitosis or Meiosis Cytokinesis: Division of cytoplasm 2. 3. Centrioles attach to spindle fibers and both help to separate chromosomes or chromatids during anaphase of both mitosis and meiosis. If the mitotic spindles were disrupted then the spindle fibers would not attach to the chromosomes and would prevent chromatids from separating and mitosis from continuing to take place. 4. In mitosis, if a parent cell has 12 chromosomes, then the two daughter cells produced will also have 12 chromosomes because during mitosis the cells produced are an exact copy of the parent cell. 5. In meiosis, if a parent cell has 12 chromosomes, then the four daughter cells produced will have 6 chromosomes because during meiosis the cells produced are sex cells, which need to contain half the number of chromosomes. 6. Haploid will be 23 (half the number of chromosomes). 7. In Mitosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell. They will contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. 8. In Meiosis, the daughter cells produced are going to be genetically different from the parent cell (and each other) and will only contain half the number of chromosomes (haploid) as the parent cell. 9. Mitosis In prophase, chromosomes form from chromatin and become visible. In metaphase, chromosomes line up vertically and individually in the middle of cell. Meiosis In prophase I, chromosomes pair up forming tetrads and exchange genetic information. In metaphase I, chromosomes line up horizontally in pairs. 10. The types of cells that undergo the process of mitosis are somatic (body) Cells. The cells that undergo the process of meiosis are sex (germ) cells. 11. A person with Down syndrome has an extra 21st chromosome. Instead of having 46 chromosomes in their cells they have 47. This can occur during Metaphase II and Anaphase II of meiosis if chromosomes do not separate evenly. 12. Mitosis results in 2 identical daughter cells, results in diploid cells, requires one division with no crossing-over, and produces somatic (body cells). Meiosis results in 4 unidentical cells, results in haploid cells, requires 2 divisions with crossing over taking place prior to first division, and produces gametes (sex cells like sperm and egg). 13. Cancer cells do not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells. As a result, the cells divide uncontrollably. Chemotherapy compounds target rapidly dividing cells; they also interfere with cell division in normal, healthy cells. The chemotherapy drugs and stop DNA replication, or make the cell divide unevenly causing the resulting cells after division to be unidentical, for example.