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ID A18C: Walking the Low-power/High- performance Tightrope in Portable or Battery-operated Equipment Renesas Electronics America Inc. Mike Clodfelter Product Marketing Manager, 16bit K0R MCUs 12 & 13 October 2010 Version: 1.0 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Mike Clodfelter Product Marketing Manager for Renesas Electronics 16bit K0R Ultra-low Power MCUs Specialist in MCUs for the medical/healthcare, and Low-Power, portable/Battery-operated Application markets PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE: Joined NEC Electronics America in 1985 as a senior FAE, with an emphasis on MCUs, LCD drive and VF displays, for white goods and Industrial control/consumer markets. Staff FAE from 1990-2006, adding market segments such as cable modem, digital AV, telecom equipment and automotive modules to responsibilities. Prior to NEC Electronics America, design engineer at Motorola Communications Group Member of the IEEE professional association BSEE from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology 2 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Renesas Technology and Solution Portfolio Microcontrollers & Microprocessors #1 Market share worldwide * ASIC, ASSP & Memory Advanced and proven technologies Solutions for Innovation Analog and Power Devices #1 Market share in low-voltage MOSFET** * MCU: 31% revenue basis from Gartner "Semiconductor Applications Worldwide Annual Market Share: Database" 25 March 2010 ** Power MOSFET: 17.1% on unit basis from Marketing Eye 2009 (17.1% on unit basis). 3 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Renesas Technology and Solution Portfolio Microcontrollers & Microprocessors #1 Market share worldwide * Solutions for Innovation ASIC, ASSP & Memory Advanced and proven technologies Analog and Power Devices #1 Market share in low-voltage MOSFET** * MCU: 31% revenue basis from Gartner "Semiconductor Applications Worldwide Annual Market Share: Database" 25 March 2010 ** Power MOSFET: 17.1% on unit basis from Marketing Eye 2009 (17.1% on unit basis). 4 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up Superscalar, MMU, Multimedia High Performance CPU, Low Power High Performance CPU, FPU, DSC Up to 1200 DMIPS, 45, 65 & 90nm process Video and audio processing on Linux Server, Industrial & Automotive Up to 500 DMIPS, 150 & 90nm process 600uA/MHz, 1.5 uA standby Medical, Automotive & Industrial Up to 165 DMIPS, 90nm process 500uA/MHz, 2.5 uA standby Ethernet, CAN, USB, Motor Control, TFT Display Legacy Cores Next-generation migration to RX General Purpose Up to 10 DMIPS, 130nm process 350 uA/MHz, 1uA standby Capacitive touch 5 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Ultra Low Power Embedded Security Up to 25 DMIPS, 150nm process Up to 25 DMIPS, 180, 90nm process 190 uA/MHz, 0.3uA standby 1mA/MHz, 100uA standby Application-specific integration Crypto engine, Hardware security Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up Superscalar, MMU, Multimedia Up to 1200 DMIPS, 45, 65 & 90nm process and audio processing on Linux 78K Video Server, Industrial & Automotive ULTRA LOW POWER! High Performance CPU, Low Easy to Power program Low Cost Great IDE The FPU, Cube DSC is Suite! High Performance CPU, Up to 500 DMIPS, 150 & 90nm process 600uA/MHz, 1.5 uA standby Medical, Automotive & Industrial Up to 165 DMIPS, 90nm process 500uA/MHz, 2.5 uA standby Ethernet, CAN, USB, Motor Control, TFT Display Legacy Cores Next-generation migration to RX General Purpose Up to 10 DMIPS, 130nm process 350 uA/MHz, 1uA standby Capacitive touch 6 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Ultra Low Power Embedded Security Up to 25 DMIPS, 150nm process Up to 25 DMIPS, 180, 90nm process 190 uA/MHz, 0.3uA standby 1mA/MHz, 100uA standby Application-specific integration Crypto engine, Hardware security Innovation Proliferation of Battery-Operated Equipment: Compact and Cordless 7 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Agenda Intro to Low-power Battery-operated Instruments 7 Low-power Design Considerations Renesas Electronics 16-bit Ultra-Low Power MCU Lineup Design Example 8 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Key Takeaways By the end of this session you will be able to: Identify Key Low Power System Design Considerations Identify Keys Ways to Conserve Power in Low Power Applications Recite Pitfalls in Portable/Battery-Operated Designs Identify Renesas MCUs having Optimum Performance at Ultra-low power with High integration 9 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Walking the Low-power/High-performance Tightrope in Portable or Battery-operated Equipment High Performance Low Power Consumption 10 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Portable, Battery-Operated Instruments Examples of General Portable Instruments Examples of Long-Life Instruments Medical/Diagnostic Utility Water/Gas Meters Personal hygiene/Healthcare Pacemakers Industrial/Commercial Sensors Tollway Transponders Wireless Networking Device Smoke/CO Alarms Performance 11 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Long Life System Power Challenges for Battery-operated Instruments Test strip Handheld Blood Glucose Meter MCU wakes up with button press System activity and current draw >99% Time in STOP/Standby mode: very low-power & time-of-day clock 4 A/D conversion and calculate Glucose level 2 System 3 initialWait for 1 ization blood STOP/ test strip Standby insertion mode 5 Display result 2-4 minutes depending on user’s activity 12 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 6 No further button activity, back to STOP/standby Time How to maximize Battery life and Performance (High Level) Seriously: 13 Keep Clock Freq. Low, Max. efficiency Gate Peripherals On/Off Reduce Current “Sneak” Paths Choose Batteries w/ Best Fit Keep Temp Range Low MCU w/ Internal Regulator © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. MCU/CPU Operational Definitions CPU Operation/ Active Mode CPU Halt/Idle Mode 14 Instructions Executed, All Peripherals Available Instructions Execution Suspended, Main System Clock Running All Peripherals Available CPU STOP/Standby 32KHZ/RTC Mode Instructions Execution STOP, Main System Clock STOP Few Peripherals Available CPU STOP/Standby Mode (No Clocks) Instructions Execution STOP, Main System Clock STOP 32KHZ/RTC STOP © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Low-power Design Aspects to Consider The power:performance balance 1. Battery Attributes and Tradeoffs 2. Peripheral functions 3. CPU performance/Clocking Issues 4. Internal LDO voltage regulator 5. I/O Port Loading, Floating Input Danger 6. Low Power Displays - Segmented LCD 7. Temperature effects on standby current 15 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. #1a – Battery Choice Issues (Intro): Load Capacity versus Lifetime Peak Current Draw Voltage Range Characteristics Self-Leakage versus Time/Temp Internal Series Resistance (ESR) Primary (Disposable) vs Secondary (rechargeable) Lithium Coin Cells Akaline/Cylindrical AA AAA 16 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. PCB-Mount #1b – Varying Battery Voltage Over Life Battery Physical Size/Capacity and Personality (~650 milliwatt hr/cc) Capacity: ~610mA-HR CR2032 Capacity: ~220mA-HR Voltage (Constant Current Load) CR2450 Constant Current Load @0.19mA Operating Hours “Flat” battery life curve 17 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Use Low Battery Detect to Monitor Voltage! Akaline (>370 milliwatt hr/cc) AA AAA Voltage (Constant Current Load) Lithium coin Capacity: ~2500mA-HR Capacity: ~1200mA-HR Constant CV (IxV) Loads 100mW 250mW Operating Hours “Sloping” battery life curve #1c - Battery life target calculations System Activity and current draw MCU wakes up with button press 4 A/D conversion and calculate Glucose level 2 System 3 initialWait for 1 ization blood STOP/ test strip Standby insertion mode 1 sec @1mA 30 sec @300uA Check to see if CR2032, 220mA-hr capacity meets application target time! 5 Display result 6 No further button activity, back to STOP/standby 15 sec @8mA 180 sec @500uA Time Total current = 1mA-SEC + 9mA-SEC + 120mA-SEC + 90mA-SEC = 220 mA-SEC (average per reading) Target: 5 readings per day, 1100mA-SEC per day Assuming 1uA in standby, daily = (85,370 sec x 1ua) + (1100 mA-SEC) = 1185 mA-SEC Approximate life = (220mA-hr x 3600 sec/hr)/1185 mA-SEC/day = 668 days 18 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. #1d – Battery Self-Leakage Lithium Battery Self-discharge 100 % of Initial Capacity Battery self-leakage is always acting 22C 90 80 45C 70 60 0 2 4 6 Age (Years) + Vopen - circuit + - Internal Leakage Increase Exponentially At Elevated Temps! 19 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. RLeakage 8 10 #1e – Aging battery concerns RESR + At battery end-of-life, ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) increases dramatically (10x-100x of initial) Vopen circuit - + - Consider using an MCU with low-battery detect! Case A: Vdrop = 0.1V Case B: RESR = 10 Ohms + 10mA 3.1V load - Vdrop = 0.6V RESR = MCU Vload RLoad = = 300 3.0V Ohms 100 Ohms 6mA 2.4V load + - MCU in Danger of RESET! MCU RLoad = 300 Ohms Vload = 1.8V Case C: Vdrop = 1.0V RESR = 100 Ohms + 10mA 2.4V load - 20 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. MCU WILL RESET! MCU ILoad = 10 mA Vload = 1.4V #1f - Using Low Voltage Detect Circuit to Monitor Sagging Battery Voltage Aging Battery 3.1V Weak Battery LV Detect = 2.9V 2.5V Action Taken: Lower CPU Speed, Set LVD = 1.9V, 2.7V Reset Mode 2.2V 2.2V LV Detect = 2.3V Battery Voltage 2.8V 1.9V 1.6V Low Voltage Detect Interrupt Flag Interrupt Service Routine Internal RESET Action Taken: Lower CPU Speed, Set LVD = 1.9V, Reset Mode, Show Low Batt. Symbol Action Taken: Lower CPU Speed, Set LVD = 2.3V, Interrupt Mode Time 21 Dead Battery © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. LV Detect = 1.9V 1.7V 1.5V Question Question 1: What battery characteristic more than all else challenges a designer’s skill for making a robust low power MCU design? Answer: a. Temp range b. Battery Capacity c. Voltage range d. Equivalent Series Resistance e. Self-Leakage 22 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. #2 – Managing Peripherals Peripheral functions Digital (Primarily AC Drain) Analog (Primarily DC Drain) Other: Legend: MCU Analog Blocks CPU/ SW MCU Digital Blocks Analog, Transducer Signals Serial Ports Comparators Op-amps (Amplify, filter) Stable, accurate VREF 23 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. • DC current in Standby? • AC current when operating? • Can clocks be gated/scaled? • What should be left on in standby mode? Timers/ Counter Digitize (12-bit ADC) Real Time Clock Digital processing (CPU/ SW) DC Voltage Level CPU Active Mode (all resources) Vs. 20% x CPU Halt/Idle Mode Active (all Peripherals) Current Vs. <0.01% x CPU STOP Mode Active Current DMA Watch Dog Timer LCD controller/ driver with boost Convert To analog (DAC) Low Voltage Detect Display results • Analog voltages (AC and DC) • Voice/tones #3a – Use CPU Clock for Optimum Performance/Current Drain CPU performance vs. Clock Frequency Goals 1 or 2 clock cycles Highest DMIPS @ Lowest current Scale back/turn off CPU Minimize average battery drain •Some MCUs use a 2x/4x Oscillator – not as efficient as One-to-one OSC: CPU •The Fastest speed - not always the most efficient one 0.5mA @ 0.5MHz 20mSEC (10mA-SEC) ~ CPU Clock Tradeoff Example 16mA @32MHz 0.5mSEC (8mA-SEC) 2mA @ 8MHz 2mSEC (4mA-SEC) ~ ~ Cycle time depends on application 24 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Good Better Best! #3b –Use Internal High Speed OSC to Minimize Startup Time, Save Power (1) Internal high-speed system clock for fast startup Interrupt Request Standby Release Signal Status of CPU Normal Operation Internal High-Speed Oscillation Clock Oscillation STOP Mode Supply of Clock Is Stopped Oscillation Stopped Normal Operation Int. HS. Oscillation (2) External Xtal/resonator oscillator for accuracy Interrupt Request Standby Release Signal Status of CPU Normal Operation Int. HS. Oscillation Internal High-Speed Oscillation Clock Normal Operation Int. HS. Oscillation Oscillation Stopped XTAL/Resonator Oscillation * External Xtal/Resonator * Optional 25 STOP Mode Supply of Clock Is Stopped © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Stabilization #4 – Use Internal Voltage Reg. to Minimize Current Drain Internal voltage regulator I/O I/O Ext. osc. block Timers Serial I/O Comparator CPU POR/ POC Int. HS osc. WDT Clock gen. stby control Low volt MCU detect RTC core voltage reg. LCD C/D Voltage with booster ref. ADC DAC Opamp Supply Current, CPU and Core Peripherals MCUs with No Internal Voltage Reg; Current Drain Increases with Supply Voltage! MCUs with an Internal Voltage Reg; Current Drain Constant Over Supply Voltage! 1.8V 2.4V 3.0V 3.6V 4.2V 4.8V 5.5V Supply Voltage Internal core LDO voltage regulator - Keeps CPU and core function current drains constant 26 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Functions attached to I/O pins - Current drains rise proportionally to supply voltage Question Question 2: What are the reason(s) why newer MCU designs use an internal LDO voltage regulator Answer 2: a. To provide a stable CPU core voltage b. To optimize the CPU core design using a limited internal Voltage range c. To reduce the power dissipation d. To reduce current drain at higher Supply Voltage e. all the above 27 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. #5a – Avoid “Sneak paths” on I/O Lines I/O drive and loading Output Low Loading VDD = 3.0 Volts Pull-up enable R VOL Ext. Circuit IOL Output data General purpose I/O pin, Output = High 28 VDD P-ch P-ch Output High Loading MCU Pull-Up Turned On VDD MCU General purpose I/O pin, Output = Low Input Pull up/Pull down Pin Loading IOH VOH R © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Ext. Circuit N-ch Output disable Input data Input enable Ext. Circuit #5b – Avoid Floating Input Pins Phenomena of floating inputs (due to contaminated PCBs) VDD 10 MegOhm? VDD Gate IDD = “On” currents P-ch INPUT pin Leakage paths 10 MegOhm? 5.0V 5uA 4.0V 4uA 3.0V 3uA IDD 2.0V 2uA Vout Gate N-ch To Internal MCU circuits 1.0V 1uA 0V 0uA 0V 1.0V 2.0V 3.0V Vin 4.0V Side Bar: PCB cleanliness Board contaminants can often swamp out nano-amp standby currents 29 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 5.0V #6a – Using Segment LCD panels to Save Power Segmented LCD panels – STN (Super Twist Nematic) Advantages of Segmented STN LCD panels Low Current Drain Works in STOP/Standby (32KHZ) Large Segment Count Inexpensive Customized - Quick Tooling TAT Full custom: mmgl dL + Disadvantages: Need Backlight Contrast/View Angle vs. Drive Modern LCD MCUs, Flexible LCD drive – LCD Booster Resistive Divider, Split Capacitor 30 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Alphanumeric: 14-16 Segments Dot matrix example: 8x50 dots #6b – Optimum LCD Panel Drive Driving Segmented STN (Super Twist Nematic) LCD panels Resistor Ladder Network 3V VDD P-ch MCU 2R* VLC0 R* VLC1 Constant: •Drive Voltage •Contrast LCD Booster Constant Current Drain, Declining: •Drive Voltage •Contrast (example: If R =100K, Then 10uA is drawn continuously!) VLC0 VLC1 VLC2 VLC3 C2 C3 CAPH C1 C1= C2= C3= C4= C5= 0.47uF R* R* VSS0 31 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. C5 MCU CAPL VLC2 C4 Capacitor Charging gives back to LCD Panel (almost no DC Bias Loss) #7 - Effects of temperature on standby current (STOP/halt IDD) STOP/halt IDD Current @VDD = 3V 0.7uA 7 RAM leakage current mainly affects STOP/halt current increase (> 55C) SUBHALT RTCON-TEMP [3V] 78F1167A 0807IK900 100% Device1 Device2 0.6uA 6 90% Device3 80% 0.5uA 5 IDD(μA) 0.4uA 4 0.3uA 3 0.2uA 2 0.1uA 1 % of battery capacity after 10years (Lithium) •Battery Drain from RAM Leakage: •0.2uA – 1uA Typ. •2uA-8uA Max. •Battery Drain from Self-Leakage: 10s of uA 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 0.0uA 0-50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 -35C -25C -15C -5C +5C +15C +25C温度+35C +45C +55C +65C +75C +85C 32 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Renesas Electronics’ Ultra-Low-Power K0R MCUs Renesas Electronics delivers full line of 16bit ultra-low-power MCUs Designed for low power 150nm flash process; – Low current consumption; low leakage – Small size and high performance – Special architecture (secret sauce) Industry-leading low-power, Optimum performance Renesas Ultra Low Power MCU Attributes 33 = Low leakage 150nm Process © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. + High Perform. CPU + Multiple Standby Modes + Flexible On-Chip Peripherals + Dynamic System Clocking K0R Ultra-Low Power MCU Design Keys Hi-Speed Internal Oscillator X1 Clock Clock Selection Halt Sub Clock Added Instruction Fetch operation: PS CPU PS Peripheral Function PS Peripheral Function PS Peripheral Function RTC Analogy: Turn Off Car Engine instead of Idling! 34 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Opcode (Byte1) Operand Operand (Byte2) (Byte3) Turn off Opcode Decoder Earlier! Opcode (Byte1) Opcode (Byte2) Operand (Byte3) Turn off Opcode Decoder Earlier Analogy: Turn off the lights when you leave the room! Flexible but Energy-Conserving Low Power Modes • Up to 25dmips @20MHZ Efficient Watchdog Timer Operation High Performance Internal • Ultra-Low Active Current: 190uA typical 1MHZ CPU Clocking • WDT @30Khz High Accuracy Internal Oscillators @-40C to +85C • 8MHZ +/-1.8% @2.7V-5.5V • 20MHZ +/-2.4% @2.7V-5.5V Quick Startup On Int. Oscillators: 20/8/1 MHZ • 23uSEC-31uSEC max startup 35 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 78K0R Comprehensive Low Power CPU Operation Modes Internal 2.4V/1.8V LDO Regulator Stop Mode With 32KHZ/RTC Running RTC • Day/Week Alarms • 1ppm Calibration • 0.9uA Typ Stop Mode With No Clocks: (Ext Pin Wakeup) • Keeps Current Consumption Low In All Modes (+1.8V - +5.5V) •0.3uA typical Efficient Power Management K0R MCU Current Drains 5.3mA 190uA 3.8 uA 20MHZ 8MHZ Active Current High Speed 20MHZ Halt/Idle Current TypIcal 36 8MHZ © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Active Current Low Speed (1MHz) 32kHz 0.45mA 0.9uA 32kHz 1.1mA 63uA fIH = 1MHz/4 fIH = 1MHz 2.4mA Active Stop Mode Mode* Low Speed (32kHz/ (32kHz/ RTC) RTC) 0.3uA Standby Mode * (No Clocks) * RAM contents retained K0R Clocking Options 78K0R/Kx3-L G.P./USB, 78K0R/Lx3/KE3-A LCD/non-LCD (12bit ADC/DACs) Prescaler & X8, x12 PLL 2-20MHz Ext. Crystal (X1, X2) or Ext. Clock (EXCLK) Int. Oscillator 20MHz +/- 2.4% 8MHz +/- 1.8% or 1MHz +/-13% 32,768 Hz Subsystem 32kHz Ext. 32kHz Crystal Int. Low-speed Osc 30kHz +/- 10% 37 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. PreScaler: 1/1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16 1/16 1/32 USB Peripherals: Serial, ADC, Timer Arrays CPU Real-time Counter LCD Controller/ Driver Can Run LCD in Standby Mode <3uA Buzzer/Clock Output Watchdog Timer (0.38uA Max) 78K0R/Kx3-L GP, USB and 78K0R/Lx3 LCD MCU Safety Features Eliminates External Reset Circuitry Power-on Clear (POC) Circuit POC is always ON, K0R/Kx3-L Drawing No Kx3-L(USB) K0R/Lx3 extra IDD Current K0R/KE3-A VDD Reset Release Reset Occurs Detection Voltage Falling 1.59V or 2.07V Detection Voltage Rising 1.61V or 2.07V Monitors Aging Battery Conditions Low-Voltage Indicator LVI can be enabled/ disabled K0R/Kx3-L Kx3-L(USB) K0R/Lx3 K0R/KE3-A Interrupt or Reset Range: 1.9V to 4.22 V Plus . . . An external Pin function. © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. VDD Reset Release 1.5V 38 POC Current Included In Standby Spec Value! Selectable Interrupt or Reset by Software Boost Regulator 1.21V EXLVI (Port) 3.3V VDD 78K0R MCU Detection Voltage Selectable by Software EXLVI function: monitor a power source other than VDD! 78K0R/Kx3-L GP, USB and 78K0R/Lx3 LCD Series K0R/ GP, LCD and USB Line-up 128 K0R/LG3, LCD K0R/LG3, LCD Package Options 100 K0R/KG3-L USB K0R/LF3, LCD 80 K0R/KE3-L 12bit ADC/DACs, 3ch Op-AMP K0R/KE3-A, non-LCD 64 K0R/KE3-L(USB) K0R/KE3-L 52 K0R/KD3-L 48 K0R/KC3-L 44 Expanded Memory K0R/KC3-L(USB) 2 Comparators, 1ch PGA K0R/KC3-L 16 32 48 64 96 128 192 256 Flash Options (KB) Free full-featured 64KB C-Compiler 39 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 1MB Linear Memory (No banks) 78K0R Gen. Purpose MCU, LCD MCU and USB MCU Composite Block Diagram LCD Controller/ driver: up to 400 seg. Timer Array 0: 8ch, 16-biT With LCD booster, Resistor Bias, Split Cap Drive 12-bit ADC 12-bit DAC 2ch Clock/Buzzer Output HW: 16x16 MULT. 32/32 DIV. Real-Time Counter (Clock/Calendar) On chip Debug/ Programming Watch Dog Timer Internal OSC: 1/8/20MHZ 10-bit ADC Int. WDT OSC: 30kHz 3ch OP-AMP 40 Timer Array 1: 4ch, 16-bit 78K0R 16-bit core 20MHz (up to 18 DMIPS) +1.8V - +5.5V -40 to +85C Comparators Internal Voltage Ref.: 2.0V/2.5V Programmable Gain Amp K0R/Lx3/KE3-A K0R/Kx3-L Flash: 64KB-128KB RAM: 4KB-7KB Pins: 64-128 Flash:16KB-256KB RAM: 1KB-12KB Pins: 40-100 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Sub-Clock: 32kHz Flash (1KB Blocks) Secure self-prog. Boot Swap Serial Array Unit UART/SPI/I2C Multi-Master I2C DMA Controller 8/16-bit POC (Power On Clear) LVI (Low Voltage Indicator): 16 Levels (1.9V-4.2V) Key Interrupt Gen Purpose I/O 10-bit ADC USB Function K0R/Kx3-L (USB) Common K0R CPU Core and Peripherals Flash: 64KB-128KB RAM: 6KB-8KB Pins: 48, 64 Question Question 3: What is the minimum K0R System Clock required to run an LCD C/D with Booster Circuit, while achieving lowest possible current drain. Answer 3: a. External 20MHZ Xtal Oscillator divided by 32 b. Internal 8MHZ Oscillator c. Internal 1MHZ Oscillator divided by 32 d. External 32KHZ (Ceramic Resonator) e. None of the above (LCD booster circuit doesn’t need a Clock) 41 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Design Example: 1-Chip Glucose Meter Block Diagram 78K0R/Lx3: + 12-bit DAC AMP AC/DC BIAS Voltage Ref. LVI/ Annunciator, WDT, Battery 30kHz Voice Playback monitor (ADPCM) AC 12-bit DAC * Reagent strip for blood sample 42 POC/ LCD booster Reset controller/ driver 16-bit CPU CORE (3-stage Pipeline) + Self-Program Flash On-chip-debug Internal Oscillators 12-bit ADC Op-Amps * = Transconductance Amp using op-amp © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. LCD Panel (120-400segments) - User keypad Timers, GPIO, Serial ports Serial EEPROM RTC 32kHz Innovation Renesas Ultra-Low Power K0R MCU Families Facilitate Battery-Operated Equipment 43 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Questions? 44 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Thank You! 45 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Renesas Electronics America Inc.