Download I. Pericardium (Pericardial Sac) - 2 Layers A. Fibrous Layer of

I. Pericardium (Pericardial
Sac) - 2 Layers
The Heart
and
Its Vessels
A. Fibrous Layer of
Pericardial Sac
y Fibrous C.T.
y Outer layer
y Tough protective layer
y Prevents over distention of heart
y Anchors heart within the mediastinum
§Diaphragm (below), Pleural Sacs (to R & L)
§Sternal wall (front), & large blood vessels of the
heart
s(Overview) do not write from this slide
sA. Fibrous layer of pericardium
- outer layer
sB. Serous layer of the
pericardium - 3 regions
B. Serous Layer Pericardial
Sac (3 regions)
…parietal layer - attaches to the inside
of the fibrous layer
†pericardial cavity - filled with
pericardial fluid
»watery fluid surrounds hear
»reduces friction as heart beats
‡visceral layer (epicardium)
* *
* Parietal
layer
*
Pericardial
cavity
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II. Disorders
yA. Pericarditis - Inflammation
parietal pericardium
yB. Cardiac Tamponade - Excess
fluid,blood, and/or pus that results
in compression of the heart
Walls of the Heart
Epicardium
(Visceral layer of
Serous Pericardium)
Myocardium
Endocardium
Heart Chambers
y B. Bottom Chambers
Ventricles
–1. Left ventricle (Thickest because
it pumps blood to body)
–2. Right ventricle
∗ Interventricular septum = wall
separating the R & L Ventricles
III. Walls of the Heart
O A.
Epicardium - outside covering of
the heart
O B. Myocardium - cardiac heart muscle
§ heart contractions (involuntary,
striated, lg. # of mitochondria, dimpled
in appearance)
O C. Endocardium - inside lining of the
heart, valves, & blood vessels
IV. Heart Chambers
y A. Top Chambers
Atria (Atrium) - With appendage/
extension called auricle which
increases capacity for blood volume
–1. Right atrium
–2. Left atrium
∗ Interatrial septum = wall separating the R
& L Atria
V. Heart Valves
y A. Atrioventricular valves
(between the atrium and the
ventricles)
1. (right side) tricuspid valve - 3 flaps
2. (left side) bicuspid valve also called
mitral valve - 2 flaps
2
Heart Valves - (Function
of A.V. Valves)
y Chordeae Tendinae
Ìstring like strands of connective
tissue
Ìattach to valve flap (superior) and
papillary muscle (inferior)
Heart Valves - (Function
of A.V. Valves)
y Papillary Muscle
Ìcontracts when back pressure of
blood pushes on valve
Ìholds Chordeae Tendinae taught to
prevent valve from opening
backwards
Heart Valves
A.V. Valve Flap
Chordea
Tendinea
Papillary
Muscle
VI. Heart Valve Disorders
y A. Heart Murmurs = diseased or
malformed valves, blood flows the
“wrong” way through the valve
Result: Turbulence, abnormal flow,
detected by abnormal heart sounds
y B. Semilunar valves
(between the ventricles and the
vessels that exits the heart)
1. (right side) pulmonary semilunar
valve - between rt. ventricle &
Pulmonary trunk
2. (left side) aortic semilunar valve between left ventricle & Aorta
Aortic
Semilunar
Valve
Pulmonary
Semilunar
Valve
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Heart Valves
Pulmonary
Semilunar
Valve
VII. Heart Vessels
Aortic
Semilunar
Valve
Bicuspid
(Mitral)
Valve
Tricuspid
Valve
Heart Vessels
y B. Leaving the right ventricle
1. Pulmonary Trunk which branches
into:
–Right Pulmonary Artery (Going to right
lung)
–Left Pulmonary Artery (Going to left
lung)
• Both release CO2 & O2
y A. Entering the right atrium
1. Superior Vena Cava (from the upper
part of the body)
2. Inferior Vena Cava (from the lower
part of the body)
3. Coronary Sinus (returns blood from
coronary circulation)
Heart Vessels
y C. Entering the left atrium
1. Right Pulmonary Vein (Coming
from the right lung)
2. Left Pulmonary Vein (Coming
from the left lung)
Heart Vessels
D. Leaving the left ventricle
1. Aorta ( Major artery will
branch into all other arteries
carrying blood to the body)
y
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