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Transcript
DNA (OUTPUT) After a population experiences exponential growth exceeding carrying capacity, what are the two things that may happen to the population? Turn in outline into file HOMEWORK How many squirrels work due 9/22 ; 9/23 Unit test 9/24 ; 9/25 Unit test review 9/22 AGENDA 1. Quiz 2. Notes 3. Each Teach 4. Notes COMMUNITY ECOLOGY WHAT ARE WE TRYING TO ANSWER? How can we classify species according to their roles in a community? How do communities respond to changes in environmental conditions? Does high species biodiversity increase the stability and sustainability of a community? SPECIES DIVERSITY Biological communities differ in the types and numbers of species they contain and the ecological roles those species play. Species diversity – the number of different species an ecosystem contains combined with the abundance of individuals within each of those species TYPES OF SPECIES IN COMMUNITIES Native, nonnative, indicator, keystone, and foundation species play different ecological roles in communities. TYPES OF SPECIES IN COMMUNITIES Native species – species that normally live and thrive in a particular community Nonnative species – species that migrate into or are deliberately or accidentally introduced into a community Invasive species – a species that is not native and has negative effects on our economy, our environment, or our health INVASIVE SPECIES EX: GIANT SNAILS IN MIAMI Listen to the audio clip to answer the question: How did these giant snails get to Miami? TYPES OF SPECIES IN COMMUNITIES Indicator species – a species that serves as an early warning of damage to a community or an ecosystem Keystone species – a species that has a larger effect on the types and abundances of other species in a community than their numbers would suggest INDICATOR SPECIES EXAMPLE Watch the video and answer the question: what is threatening the frogs? INVASIVE, KEYSTONE, INDICATOR EACH TEACH In Each Teach, you are responsible for reading the text on the back of your card. You must get very familiar with your organism! There are 24 organisms out there! You should talk to at least 3 individuals for each species category (invasive, keystone, indicator) and take notes on each by the time this activity is over. You will need to know examples for each species category for our next quiz, and for the AP test! INVASIVE, KEYSTONE, INDICATOR EACH TEACH In Each Teach, each person is the “master” of their card and their organism Music will play Walk around the room and pair up with someone who does not have your card A is shorter B is taller INVASIVE, KEYSTONE, INDICATOR EACH TEACH A shares card first B writes down information in graphic organizer B shares card second A writes down information in graphic organizer HOLD ON TO YOUR CARD and find a new partner Repeat until your graphic organizer is complete/music stops HOW DO SPECIES INTERACT? Species can interact through interspecific competition, predation, parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism Interspecific competition – competition between species for shared or limited resources REDUCING OR AVOIDING COMPETITION: SHARING RESOURCES Some species evolve adaptations that allow them to reduce or avoid competition for resources with other species REDUCING OR AVOIDING COMPETITION: SHARING RESOURCES Resource partitioning – when species competing for similar scarce resources evolve more specialized traits that allow them to use shared resources at different times, in different ways or in different places Ex: owls and hawks feed on same prey but hawks hunt in the day and owls hunt at night PREDATORS AND PREY Predator and prey relationship – interaction between two organisms of different species in which the predator captures and feeds on parts or all of the prey Ex: Bears and moths PARASITISM Parasitism – when one species (parasite) feeds on part of another organism (host) usually by living on or in the host Ex: tongue-eating parasite MUTUALISM Mutualism – two species or a network of species interact in a way that benefits both species. Ex: bees and flowers MUTUALISM Commensalism – interaction that benefits one species but has little (if any) effect on the other species Ex: birds benefit from trees by making their nests in them but this generally doesn’t effect the tree BIODIVERSITY AND BIOMES BIODIVERSITY AND ITS IMPORTANCE Biodiversity – species diversity, ecological diversity, functional diversity, and genetic diversity Biodiversity is a crucial resource BIODIVERSITY AND ITS IMPORTANCE Human activities are destroying and degrading the habitats for many wild species and driving some of them to premature extinction SPECIES DECLINE AND PREMATURE EXTINCTION HIPPO: H habitat destruction and degradation I invasive species P pollution P human population growth O overexploitation