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Section 1.1 Single-celled organisms have
all the characteristics of living things
• 1. Living things come in many shapes and sizes
– Living things range in size from enormous honey
mushroom fungus that is more than 5 kilometers wide
to microorganisms that can be seen only with a
microscope.
– Most living things (organisms) are too small to
observe without a microscope.
– Very small organisms are called microorganisms.
• A single drop of water may be a living space for many
microorganims.
This diversity of life is divided into
six kingdoms.
Plants
Archaea
Animals
Bacteria
Fungi
Protists
• 2. Living things share common
characteristics
– Living things are organized into cells.
Organisms that have only one cell have all the
structures they need to survive.
– All living things grow. They consume food,
build structures and repair or replace worn-out
structures
– All living things reproduce, making more
organisms like them-selves. Single-celled
organisms reproduce by binary fission.
(http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_sci_life/page_build.cfm?id=none&u=3##)
– All living things respond to changes in their
environment.
• A flower is organized
into the stem, petals,
leaves and roots
• It grows from a seed
into a flower
• It reproduces through
seeds
• A flower grows higher
in more sunlight and
less high in less
sunlight
• 3. Living things need energy, materials,
and living space.
– Food supplies an organism with the energy it
needs to move, grow, and develop.
Organisms also need water and other
materials.
– Water is an ingredient in many cellular
reactions, it provides structure, and it makes
the watery environment cells need.
– Most organisms require oxygen from the air.
4. Viruses are NOT alive
A virus contains genetic material enclosed in a
protein shell.
Animal Cells
Viruses
-Have structures that allow them to
get materials from their environment
-Do not grow once they have formed
and do not take in energy
-Can make copies of their genetic
material and reproduce cells by
dividing in two
-Are able to reproduce only by
“taking over” a cell and using that
cell to make new viruses
-Have more internal structures
-Usually contain nothing more than
their genetic material and a protein
coat