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Molecular Devices 台大化工所 碩二 翁瑩倫 Group5 R90524016 Course : Nanoelectronics, Date:2003.01.14 Nano Devices Molecular devices Ref. The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors: 2001, Emerging Research Device Molecular Devices Two terminal devices (報告以此為主) Wires http://www.npaci.edu/envision/v16.3/pantelides.html Rectifying diodes Diodes exhibiting Negative Differential Resistance (NDR) Resistor http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~phoenix/nanotechnology.html Three terminal devices Chemical synthesis possible Electrical testing is quite difficult http://legacy.eos.ncsu.edu/erl/moelec/Sun_Franzon.pdf Bottom-up method on the nanometer scale • Chemical Synthesis Relatively Easy Difficult http://legacy.eos.ncsu.edu/erl/moelec/Sun_Franzon.pdf http://www.mitre.org/research/nanotech/Arch_for_Mol ecElec_Comp_1.html Break Junction Ref. M. A. Reed, C. Zhou, C. J. Muller, T. P. Burgin, and J.M.Tour, ‘Conductance of a Molecular Junction’ Science, Vol.278, 10 October 1997, p252~254 Nanopore Ref.http://www.eng.yale.edu/reedlab/research/measure/mol_measure.html#nanopore Wire(1) • Are single molecular wire conducting? Ref. L. A. Bumm et al., Science, Vol.271, 22 March 1996, p1705~1707 Wire(2) • Molecular Wire (可以做很長) Ref. D. Goldhaber-Gordon, M.S. Montemerlo, J. Christopher Love,G.J. Opiteck, and J.C. Ellenbogen, ‘Overview of Nanoelectronic Devices’ Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 85, NO. 4, April 1997 Wire(3) Quantum-Effect Molecular Electronic Devices: - Methylene groups create ‘barriers’ along a molecular wire to control transmission of electrons through a quantum well. - Molecule can act as resonant tunneling diode. Advantages: - Molecules much smaller and every one is exactly alike. - Easily can be made in vast number(1023 at a time). Ref. D. Goldhaber-Gordon, M.S. Montemerlo, J. Christopher Love,G.J. Opiteck, and J.C. Ellenbogen,‘Overview of Nanoelectronic Devices’ Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 85, NO. 4, April 1997 Diode(1) • A novel fabrication technique to directly measure the conduction through a small number of organic molecules. • These devices consist of a selfassembled monolayer (SAM) of conjugated molecular wires sandwiched between top and bottom metallic contact. • Using the nanopore process and 4-thioacetylbiphenyl SAM we constructed a diode. Ref. C. Zhiu, M.R. Deshpande, M.A.Reed, L.Jones II, and J.M.Tour,‘Nanoscale metal/self-assembled monolayer/metal heterostructures’ Appl. Phys. Lett. 71(5), 4 August 1997 12A Diode(2) . Prominent rectifying behavior is observed the current at 1V bias is about 500 times higher than the current at –1V bias. While the I-V curve at negative bias is rather linear, the I-V curve at positive bias displays exponential behavior. Due to the asymmetry in the heterostructure, prominent rectifying behavior is observed in the I-V characteristics. Ref. C. Zhiu, M.R. Deshpande,M.A.Reed, L.Jones II, and J.M.Tour,‘Nanoscale metal/self-assembled monolayer/metal heterostructures’ Appl. Phys. Lett. 71(5), 4 August 1997 Switch(1) Use the nanopore process and 2’-amino-4,4’-di(ethynylphenyl)-5’-nitro-1-benaenthiolate (1a)SAM →low temperature negative differential resistance(NDR) Ref. J. Chen, M.A. Reed, A.M. Rawlett and J.M..Tour ‘Large On-Off Ratios and NDR in a Molecular Electronic Device’ Science, vol. 286, 19 November 1999 Switch(2) • This device work as two terminal switches: at a specific applied voltage current will flow (device ON) at all other voltage values current does not flow (device OFF) Potential mechanism Ref. J. Chen, M.A. Reed, A.M. Rawlett and J.M..Tour ‘Large On-Off Ratios and NDR in a Molecular Electronic Device’ Science, vol. 286, 19 November 1999 Switch(3) Use the nanopore process and 4,4’-di(ethynylphenyl)-2’-nitro-1-benaenthiolate (4a) SAM →room temperature negative differential resistance(NDR) Ref. J. Chen, W.Wang, M.A. Reed, A.M. Rawlett, D.W.Price, and J.M.Tour, ‘Room-temperature NDR in nanoscale molecular junctions’ Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(8), 21 August 2000 Switch(4) The Switching Mechanism Ref. http://www.eng.yale.edu/reedlab/research/measure/mol_measure.html#nanopore Memory cell(1) Use the nanopore process and molecular (1)~(3) in right Fig.(a)→room temperature memory cell which can be configured as a RAM Ref. M.A. Reed, J. Chen, A.M. Rawlett, D.W.Price and J.M.Tour, ‘Molecular random access memory cell’ Appl. Phys. Lett. 78(23), 4 June 2001 Memory cell(2) Molecular (2) at ambient temperature The output of device was dropped across a resistor, sent to a comparator, and inverted and gated with the read pulse. Ref. M.A. Reed, J. Chen, A.M. Rawlett, D.W.Price and J.M.Tour, ‘Molecular random access memory cell’ Appl. Phys. Lett. 78(23), 4 June 2001 Other Molecular Devices Electronics using hybridmolecular and monomolecular devices Ref.C.Joachim, J.K. Gimzewski and A. Aviram,’Electronics using hybridmolecular and mono-molecular devices’ Nature 408,541-548(2000) Note • 本次報告大多以James M. Tour 和 Mark A. Reed的研究為主,他們做的分子是linear molecules containing phenylene and ethynylene units on either side of a central nitro- amino- or nitrophenylene moiety。 • Metzger 也寫許多paper有關the molecular rectifier hexadecylquinolinolinium tricyanoquinodimethanide,是另一類分子。 Ref. Ron Dagani, ‘Taking Baby Steps to “Moletronics”’ Jan.3 2000 C&EN. • 還有一類的分子元件是Electromechanical Molecular Electronic Devices,本次報告沒有詳 盡介紹,其說明於D. Goldhaber-Gordon et al. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 85, NO. 4, April 1997。 DNA sequence-specific molecular lithography Use molecular lithography and DNA molecular Ref. Christof M. Niemeyer,’Tools for the Biomolecular Engineer’ Science, Vol.297, 5 July 2002, p62~63 DNA sequence-specific molecular lithography • Resistor Schematic of the homologous recombination reaction and molecular lithography. Ref. K. Keren et al., Science, Vol.297, 5 July 2002, p72~75 DNA sequence-specific molecular lithography • Three terminal device Ref. K. Keren et.al., Science, Vol.297, 5 July 2002, p72~75 Status of molecular components for Nanoelectronics Ref. The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors: 2001, Emerging Research Device Something interesting---NanoKids • NanoKids™. This new project involves the synthesis of molecules that resemble people, namely NanoBoy™ and NanoGirl™. Animated videos featuring these characters and others from the world of NanoPut™ will be used as educational tools for outreach projects intended to bring more people into the sciences. Partial funding of this project is through the NSF and its funding of the CBEN here at Rice. The concept is Copyright James M. Tour 2001. For example, NanoKid Chemically synthesized on May, 25, 2001 -- C39H42O2 Mol. Wt.: 542.7496 -- Percentage of C, 86.30; H, 7.80; O, 5.90 Ref. http://www.nanoartworks.com/homepage.htm http://www.jmtour.com/ Conclusion • It’s a method to use molecule we can make nanodevices. But it still have many challenges. It’s anyone’s guess how-or even if-molecular electronics will become a viable, large-scale technology.