Download ESC Guidelines on Heart Failure

Heart Failure Guidelines 2016
What’s New?
Michel KOMAJDA
IHU ICAN - Département de Cardiologie
CHU Pitié-Salpétrière
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris
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MAJOR CHANGES
1. A new term « HF with mid range ejection fraction »
(HFmrEF).
2. A new algorithm for the diagnosis of HF.
3. Recommendations on prevention of HF.
4. Indications for the use of Sacubitril / Valsartan in
HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
5. Indications for cardiac resynchronisation therapy.
6. A new algorithm for the diagnosis and the
management of acute HF.
7. A list of drugs contra-indicated in HFrEF.
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WHAT DOES NOT CHANGE ?
First line therapies in chronic heart failure with
reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
1
4
2
Indications for implantable cardiac defibrillator
3
Lack of evidence for the treatment of HF with
preserved ejection fraction.
Gaps in evidence.
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Definition
HF is a clinical syndrome characterized by
typical symptoms (e.g. breathlessness and
fatigue) that may be accompanied by signs
(e.g.ankle swelling, elevated jugular venous
pressure, pulmonary crackles and peripheral
oedema) caused by a structural and/or
functional cardiac abnormality, resulting in a
reduced cardiac output and/or elevated
intracardiac pressures at rest or during stress.
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A new algorithm for the diagnosis
of chronic HF
 Based on clinical probability of HF
 Based on the assessment of
circulating natriuretic peptides, and
on transthoracic echocardiography.
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Diagnostic algorithm for a diagnosis of heart
failure of non-acute onset
PATIENT WITH SUSPECTED HFa
(non-acute onset
ASSESSMENT OF HF PROBABILITY
I. Clinical history:
History of CAD (MI, revascularization)
History of arterial hypertension
Exposition to cardiotoxic drug / radiation
Use of diuretics
Orthopnoea / paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
2. Physical examination:
Rales
Bilateral ankle oedema
Heart murmur
Jugular venous dilatation
Laterally displaced/broadened apical beat
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3. ECG:
Any abnormality
Diagnostic algorithm for a diagnosis of heart
failure of non-acute onset
3. ECG:
Any abnormality
All absent
 I present
Assessment
of natriuretic
peptides not routinely
done in clinical practice
NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES
No
. NT-proBNP  125 pg/mL
. BNP  35 pg/mL
Yes
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
If HF confirmed (based on all available data):
determine aetiology and stard appropriate
treatment
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Normal
HF unlikely:
Consider other
diagnosis
9
A New Classification
Heart failure with preserved, mid-range and reduced EF
CRITERIA
Type of HF
HFrEF
HFmrEF
HFpEF
I
Symptoms ± Signs²
Symptoms ± Signs²
Symptoms ± Signs²
2
LVEF < 40%
LVEF 40 – 49%
LVEF  50%
3
-
1. Elevated levels of
natriuretic peptidesb,
2. At least, one additional
criterion:
a. relevant structural
heart disease (LVH
and/or LAE);
b. diastolic dysfunction
(for details see
Section 4.3.2).
1. Elevated levels of
natriuretic peptidesb,
2. At least, one additional
criterion:
a. Relevant structural
heart disease (LVH
and/or LAE),
b. Diastolic dysfunction
(for details see
Section 4.3.2).
The only category with evidence based medicine is HF rEF
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Prevention of heart failure
 Treatment of risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, obesity,
smoking cessation).
 Use of statins in patients with or at high risk of coronary
artery disease.
 Use of ACE-I in patients with asymptomatic left ventricular
dysfunction /stable CAD.
 -Use of beta-blockers in those with asymptomatic left
ventricular dysfunction and a history of myocardial infarction.
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Objectives of the treatment of heart
failure with reduced
ejection fraction
 Reduce mortality
 Improve
 clinical status
 functional capacity
 quality of life, prevent hospital admission
Preventing HF hospitalizations and
improving functional capacity.
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Treatment
Algorithm for
HFrEF
We are HFA
Initial management of symptomatic HF with
reduced ejection fraction.
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Therapeutic algorithm for a patient with persistent
symptomatic HF with reduced ejection fraction.
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SHIFT
CV death / HF hospitalization
40
Placebo
-18%
p<0.0001
30
Ivabradine
20
10
0
0
6
12
18
24
30
Months
Swedberg K, et al. Lancet 2010;376: 875-885.
If-channel inhibitor
Ivabradine is indicated in patients with:
 symptomatic HFrEF and LVEF ≤35%
 in sinus rhythm and with a heart rate ≥70 bpm
 who had been hospitalized for HF within the previous 12
months.
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved
ivabradine for use in Europe in patients with HFrEF with
LVEF ≤35% and in sinus rhythm with a resting heart rate ≥75
bpm, because in this group ivabradine conferred a survival
benefit.
 Main side effects :bradycardia, blurred vision
LCZ 696: Angiotensin
Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor
Heart Failure
Natriuretic Peptide System
Renin Angiotensin System
pro-BNP
Angiotensinogen
(liver secretion)
Angiotensin I
BNP
NT-pro BNP
LCZ696
Angiotensin II
O
Neprilysin
Inactive
fragments
17
X
O
N
OH
X
O
HN
OH
O
HO
N
N
N
NH
AT1 receptor
O
Vasodilation
 blood pressure
 sympathetic tone
aldosterone levels
 fibrosis
 hypertrophy
Natriuresis/Diuresis
AHU377
↓
LBQ657
Valsartan
Vasoconstriction
 blood pressure
 sympathetic tone
 aldosterone
 fibrosis
 hypertrophy
PARADIGM HF
Cardiovascular death / Heart Failure hospitalisation
40
1117
Kaplan-Meier Estimate of
Cumulative Rates (%)
Enalapril
32
(n=4212)
914
24
LCZ696
(n=4187)
16
HR = 0.80 (0.73-0.87)
P = 0.0000002
Number needed to treat = 21
8
0
0
180
360
720
900
1080
1260
1544
1488
896
853
249
236
Days After Randomization
Patients at Risk
LCZ696
Enalapril
540
4187
4212
3922
3883
3663
3579
3018
2922
2257
2123
JJV McMurray et al, NEJM 2014 online
Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor
(Sacubitril/Valsartan)
 LCZ 696 is indicated in patients with:
 ambulatory, symptomatic HFrEF
 LVEF ≤35%
 elevated plasma NP levels (BNP ≥150 pg/mL or NT-proBNP ≥600
pg/mL)
 estimated GFR (eGFR) ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2 of body surface area
 who are able to tolerate treatment with enalapril (at least 10 mg b.i.d.)
 Side effects:
 symptomatic hypotension.
 risk of angioedema (ACEI should be withheld for at least 36 h
before initiating LCZ696).
Therapeutic algorithm for a patient with symptomatic HF with
reduced ejection fraction. Next steps
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Other pharmacological treatments recommended in
selected patients with symptomatic
(NYHA Class II-IV) HFrEF
 Angiotensin II type I receptor blockers
 ARBs are recommended only as an alternative in patients intolerant of
an ACEI.
 The combination of ACEI/ARB should be restricted to symptomatic
HFrEF patients receiving a beta-blocker who are unable to tolerate an
MRA, and must be used under strict supervision.
 Combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate
 There is no clear evidence to suggest the use of this fix-dose
combination therapy in all patients with HFrEF.
 This combination may be considered in patients who can tolerate
neither ACEi nor ARB.
Other treatments with less certain benefit in
symptomatic patients
with HFrEF
Digoxin and other digitalis glycosides
 Digoxin may be considered in patients in sinus rhythm to reduce
the risk of hospitalisation in symptomatic patients with HFrEF
 It is only recommended for the treatment of patients with HFrEF
and AF with rapid ventricular rate when other therapeutic options
cannot be pursued
 Digitalis should always be prescribed under specialist supervision.
Caution should be exerted in females, in the elderly and in patients
with reduced renal function.
Treatments not recommended in symptomatic
patients
with HFrEF
Statins
Oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet therapy
 Except in patients with atrial fibrillation
 There is no evidence on the benefits of antiplatelet drugs in patients with
HF without accompanying CAD, whereas there is a substantial risk of GI
bleeding.
Renin inhibitors
 It is not presently recommended as an alternative to an ACEI or ARB
ATMOSPHERE
Main Outcomes
McMurray JJV et al. N Engl J Med 2016;374:1521-1532
Treatments (or combinations of treatments) that may cause
harm in patients with symptomatic
(NYHA Class II–IV) HFrEF
Recommendations
Classa
Levelb
Thiazolidinediones (glitazones) are not recommended in
patients with HF, as they increase the risk of HF worsening
and HF hospitalization.
III
A
NSAIDs or COX-2 inhibitors are not recommended in
patients with HF, as they increase the risk of HF worsening
and HF hospitalization.
III
B
Diltiazem or verapamil are not recommended in patients with
HFrEF, as they increase the risk of HF worsening and HF
hospitalization.
III
C
The addition of an ARB (or renin inhibitor) to the combination
of an ACE-I and an MRA is not recommended in patients with
HF, because of the increased risk of renal dysfunction and
hyperkalaemia.
III
C
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ESC Heart Failure Guidelines
Manage HF co-morbidities in all heart
failure patients.
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EMPAREG OUTCOME
Zinman B et al. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117-2128
ESC Heart Failure Guidelines:
devices
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Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in
patients with heart failure
Recommendations
Class
Level
I
A
I
A
I
B
III
A
III
C
Patients should be carefully evaluated by an experienced cardiologist before generator replacement,
because management goals and the patient’s needs and clinical status may have changed.
IIa
B
A wearable ICD may be considered for patients with HF who are at risk of sudden cardiac death for a
limited period or as a bridge to an implanted device.
IIb
C
Secondary prevention
An ICD is recommended to reduce the risk of sudden death and all-cause mortality in patients who have
recovered from a ventricular arrhythmia causing haemodynamic instability, and who are expected to
survive for >1 year with good functional status.
Primary prevention
An ICD is recommended to reduce the risk of sudden death and all-cause mortality in patients
with symptomatic HF (NYHA Class II–III), and an LVEF ≤35% despite ≥3 months of OMT, provided
they are expected to survive substantially longer than one year with good functional status, and
they have:
• IHD (unless they have had an MI in the prior 40 days – see below).
• DCM.
ICD implantation is not recommended within 40 days of an MI as implantation at this time does not
improve prognosis.
ICD therapy is not recommended in patients in NYHA Class IV with severe symptoms refractory to
pharmacological therapy unless they are candidates for CRT, a ventricular assist device, or cardiac
transplantation.
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Recommendations for cardiac resynchronization
therapy implantation in patients with heart failure
Classa
Levelb
CRT is recommended for symptomatic patients with HF in sinus rhythm with a QRS
duration  150 msec and LBBB QRS morphology and with LVEF  35% despite
OMT in order to improve symptoms and reduce morbidity and mortality.
I
A
CRT should be considered for symptomatic patients with HF in sinus rhythm with a
QRS duration  150 msec and non-LBBB QRS morphology and with LVEF 
35% despite OMT in order to improve symptoms and reduce morbidity and mortality.
IIa
B
CRT is recommended for symptomatic patients with HF in sinus rhythm with a QRS
duration of 130-149 msec and LBBB QRS morphology and with LVEF  35%
despite OMT in order to improve symptoms and reduce morbidity and mortality.
I
B
CRT may be considered for symptomatic patients with HF in sinus rhythm with a
QRS duration of 130-149 msec and non-LBBB QRS morphology and with LVEF
 35% despite OMT in order to improve symptoms and reduce morbidity and
mortality.
IIb
B
CRT should be considered for patients with LVEF  35% in NYHA Class III-Ivc
despite OMT in order to improve symptoms and reduce morbidity and mortality, if
they are in AF and have a QRS duration  130 msec provided a strategy to ensure
bi-ventricular capture is in place or the patient is expected to return to sinus rhythm.
IIa
B
Recommendations
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Acute heart failure
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Clinical profiles of patients with acute heart failure based on
the presence/absence of congestion
and/or hypoperfusion
CONGESTION (‒)
HYPOPERFUSION (‒)
HYPOPERFUSION (+)
Cold sweated extremities
Oliguria
Mental confusion
Dizziness
Narrow pulse pressure
CONGESTION (+)
Pulmonary congestion
Orthopnoea/paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
Peripheral (bilateral) oedema
Jugular venous dilatation
Congested hepatomegaly
Gut congestion, ascites
Hepatojugular reflux
WARM-DRY
WARM-WET
COLD-DRY
COLD-WET
Hypoperfusion is not synonymous with hypotension, but often hypoperfusion is accompanied by hypotension
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Management of patients with acute heart failure
based on clinical profile
during an early phase
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PATIENT WITH ACUTE HEART FAILURE
Bedside assessment to identify haemodynamic profiles
PRESENCE OF CONGESTION ?
Yes
(95% of all AHF patients)
No
(5% of all AHF patients)
‘’Wet’’ patient
‘Dry’’ patient
ADEQUATE PERIPHERAL PERFUSION ?
Yes
No
‘Wet and Warm’ patient
(typically elevated or normal systolic
blood pressure)
Vascular type –
fluid accumulation
Hypertension
prédominates
• Vasodilator
• Diuretic
Cardiac type –
fluid accumulation
Congestion
prédominates
• Diuretic
• Vasodilator
• Ultrafiltration
(consider if diuretic
resistance)
No
Yes
‘Dry and warm’
Adequately perfused
= Compensated
Dry and cold’
Hypoperfused,
Hypovolemic
Adjust oral
therapy
Consider fluid challenge
Consider inotropic agent
if still hypoperfused
‘’Wet and Cold’’ patient
Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg
Yes
• Inotropic agent
• Consider vasopressor in
refractory cases
• Diuretic (when perfusion
corrected)
• Consider mechanical
circulatory support if no
response to drugs
No
• Vasodilators
• Diuretics
• Consider inotropic agent
in refractory cases
ESC Heart Failure Guidelines :
Ten Commandments
Enrol the patients with HF in a multidisciplinary
care management program in order to reduce the
risk of HF hospitalization and mortality.
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Gaps in evidence
Clinicians responsible for managing patients with HF must frequently make treatment
decisions without adequate evidence or a consensus of expert opinion. The following
is a short list of selected, common issues that deserve to be addressed in future
clinical research:
 Indications for ICDs in specific subgroups (e.g. ARVC and HFmrEF / HFpEF) and
optimal selection of ICD candidates.
 QRS morphology or duration as a predictor of response to CRT.
 CRT in patients with AF.
 Efficacy of PV ablation as a rhythm-control strategy in patients with AF.
 Interventional approach to recurrent, live-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
 The role of remote monitoring strategies in HF.
 Non-surgical (percutaneous) correction of functional mitral and tricuspid
regurgitations.
 Identification of indications for coronary angiography/revascularization in patients
with HF and chronic stable CAD;
 Effects of novel LVADs as destination therapy and bridge to transplantation.
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Heart Failure 2017
29 April – 2 May 2017
4 days of scientific exchange
108
scientific sessions
6 148 healthcare professionals
100 + countries represented
2010
300
abstracts and cases submitted
expert faculty members
2000m exhibition space
40
industry sessions and workshops
2
Call for abstracts opens on November 3
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