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French Indirect Objects and Indirect Object Pronouns
Complément d'objet indirect (COI)
Indirect objects are the people in a sentence to or for whom the action of
the verb occurs.
I'm talking to Pierre.
Je parle à Pierre.
To whom am I talking? To Pierre.
He buys books for the students
Il achète des livres pour les étudiants.
For whom does he buy books? - For the students.
Indirect object pronouns are the words that replace the indirect object,
and in French they can only refer to a person.(1) The French indirect
object pronouns are
me / m' me
te / t' you
lui him, her
nous us
vous you
leur them
Like direct object pronouns, French indirect object pronouns are usually(2)
placed in front of the verb.
I'm talking to him.
Je lui parle.
He buys books for them.
Il leur achète des livres.
I'm giving the bread to you.
Je vous donne le pain.
She wrote to me.
Elle m'a écrit.
Notes: When deciding between direct and indirect objects, the general rule
is that if the person or thing is preceded by a preposition, that person/thing
is an indirect object.(1) If it's not preceded by a preposition, it is a direct
object. For more information, please see the advanced lesson.
(1) In English, an indirect object can be a person or a thing. In French, it can
only be a person. When you have an indirect object that's not a person in
English, the French equivalent is the adverbial pronoun y. So "pay attention
to him" would be fais attention à lui, but "pay attention to it would be fais-y
attention - learn more.
(2) With most verbs(3) and in most tenses and moods(4), when the
indirect object pronoun is first or second person, it has to precede the verb:
"He's talking to me" = Il me parle, not "Il parle à moi"
When the pronoun refers to the third person, you can use a stressed
pronoun after the verb and the preposition à in order to stress the
distinction between masculine and feminine:
"I'm talking to her" = Je lui parle, à elle
(3) However, with some verbs the indirect object pronoun has to follow
the verb (4) The imperative has different rules for word order.
Double Object Pronouns
Pronoms objets - Position et ordre
Before studying this lesson, be sure you understand all of the lessons in the
object pronoun index.
The position and order of object, adverbial, and reflexive pronouns can be
difficult for French students. All of these pronouns go in front of the verb
except when the verb is in the affirmative imperative (see below).
There is a fixed order for double object pronouns:
me
le
lui y* en*
te
la leur
se
les
nous
vous
*These are adverbial pronouns.
Examples
Je montre la carte à mon père - Je la lui montre.
Je mets la carte à la table - Je l'y mets.
Don't give me the books - Ne me les donnez pas.
He gave them some - Il leur en a donné.
They sent it to us - Ils nous l'ont envoyé.
Exception
In the affirmative imperative, the order of the pronouns is a bit different.
le moi / m' nous y en
la
toi / t'
vous
les
lui
leur
Examples
Give it to me - Donnez-le-moi.
Sell us some - Vendez-nous-en.
Find it for me - Trouvez-le-moi.
Talk to us there - Parlez-nous-y.
Send it to him - Envoyez-le-lui.
Go away - Va t'en.
Notes


me and te become moi and toi except when they precede y and en
The pronouns are attached to the verb and to each other by
hyphens
Summary
In all sentences except affirmative commands, the pronouns are
placed in a fixed order in front of the conjugated verb. In affirmative
commands, the pronouns are placed after the verb, attached by
hyphens, and are in a slightly different order.
French Object Pronouns - Pronoms compléments
Direct Object Pronouns - Pronoms COD (complément d'objet direct)
Just like English, the French language has direct object pronouns, words
that replace the direct object. This is so that we don't say things like "Marie
was at the bank today. When I saw Marie I smiled." It's much more natural
to say "Marie was at the bank today. When I saw her I smiled."
The direct object is the person or thing that receives the action of the
verb in a sentence. To find the direct object in a sentence, ask the question
Who? or What?
I'm eating bread - Je mange du pain.
What am I eating? Bread.
He sees Marie - Il voit Marie.
Who does he see? Marie.
The French direct object pronouns are as follows:
me / m'
me
te / t'
you
le / l'
him, it (masc)
la / l'
her, it (fem)
nous
us
vous
you
les
them
Me, te, and le / la change to m', t', and l' in front of a vowel or mute h.
The most difficult thing to remember about direct object pronouns is this:
they go in front of the verb in French.
I'm eating it. - Je le mange.
He sees her. - Il la voit.
I love you. - Je t'aime.
You love me. - Tu m'aimes.
Note: When deciding between direct and indirect objects, the general rule
is that if the person or thing is preceded by a preposition, that person/thing
is an indirect object. If it is not preceded by a preposition, it is a direct
object.