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Respiratory System Chapter 13 Function • Brings oxygen into the body through the breathing process – Inspiration-oxygen brought in – Expiration-carbon dioxide released • Functions – Exchanges gases between the blood and lungs – Helps regulate body temperature by cooling or warming the blood – Helps maintain blood electrolyte balance Respiration • External respiration-brings oxygen into the lungs • Internal respiration-exchanges oxygen & carbon dioxide • Cellular respiration-changes acid produced during metabolism into harmless chemicals in the cells Respiratory System • Controlled by the involuntary & voluntary nervous system • Body chemically regulates the rate Anatomy Nose or Mouth Tonsils/adnoids Sinuses Throat-pharynx Windpipe-trachea Larynx-voicebox Epiglottis Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Pleura Diaphram Mechanics of Breathing Assessment • Rate –Normal 14-20 • Eupnea • Dyspnea • Tachypnea • Bradypnea Assessment • Character – Regular rhythm • Apnea • Cheyne stokes • Kussmal respirations • Using Accessory muscles Assessment • Lung Sounds –Normal –Rhonchi –Rales/Crackles –Wheezes –Stridor Lung Volume • Respiratory Capacity-amount of air brought into the lungs • Lung Volume-measurement of respiratory capacity • Residual volume-little amount of air that stays in the lungs to maintain shape • Vital capacity-includes tidal volume, inspiratory reserve, & expiratory reserve-total amount of air that can be exchanged – Tidal volume-amount of air normally exchanged – Inspiratory reserve-additional amount of air that can be inhaled – Expiratory reserve-additional amount of air that can be exhaled
