Download AH Chp 13 PP

Respiratory
System
Chapter 13
Function
• Brings oxygen into the body through the breathing process
– Inspiration-oxygen brought in
– Expiration-carbon dioxide released
• Functions
– Exchanges gases between the blood and lungs
– Helps regulate body temperature by cooling or warming the blood
– Helps maintain blood electrolyte balance
Respiration
• External respiration-brings oxygen into the lungs
• Internal respiration-exchanges oxygen & carbon dioxide
• Cellular respiration-changes acid produced during
metabolism into harmless chemicals in the cells
Respiratory System
• Controlled by the involuntary &
voluntary nervous system
• Body chemically regulates the
rate
Anatomy
Nose or Mouth
Tonsils/adnoids
Sinuses
Throat-pharynx
Windpipe-trachea
Larynx-voicebox
Epiglottis
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Pleura
Diaphram
Mechanics of Breathing
Assessment
• Rate
–Normal 14-20
• Eupnea
• Dyspnea
• Tachypnea
• Bradypnea
Assessment
• Character
– Regular rhythm
• Apnea
• Cheyne stokes
• Kussmal
respirations
• Using
Accessory
muscles
Assessment
• Lung Sounds
–Normal
–Rhonchi
–Rales/Crackles
–Wheezes
–Stridor
Lung Volume
• Respiratory Capacity-amount of air brought into the
lungs
• Lung Volume-measurement of respiratory capacity
• Residual volume-little amount of air that stays in the
lungs to maintain shape
• Vital capacity-includes tidal volume, inspiratory reserve,
& expiratory reserve-total amount of air that can be
exchanged
– Tidal volume-amount of air normally exchanged
– Inspiratory reserve-additional amount of air that can
be inhaled
– Expiratory reserve-additional amount of air that can
be exhaled